notes

Question 1

The two inhibitors of protein synthesis: inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Question 2

It is acid resistant penicillin that is taken orally and affected by food

Answer 2

Ampicillin

Question 3

It is an anti-pseudomonal penicillin

Answer 3

Amoxacillin

Question 4

Penicillin kinetics: pass BBB? placental barrier?

Answer 4

No BBB passing except in inflamed meaninges
Can pass placenta, NOT TERATOGENIC

Question 5

First generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?

Can it be used in meningitis?

Answer 5

Gram +ve organism, gram -ve

No do not cross menings

Question 6

Second generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?

Can it cross BBB?

Answer 6

More active gram -ve less gram +ve and Anaerobes

NO! EXCEPT Cefuroxime

Question 7

Name the 2nd gen Cephalosporin that is against Anaerobes

Answer 7

Cefoxitin

Question 8

Name the 2nd gen Cephalosporin that CAN pass BBB

Answer 8

Cefuroxime

Question 9

3rd generation Cephalosporin are mainly against?

Can it cross BBB?

Answer 9

more on gram +ve less gram -ve bacilli. More resistant to B-lactamase

Excellent passage of BBB

Question 10

Two cephalosporins that are excellent against pseudomonas

Answer 10

Cefoperazone

Ceftazidime

Question 11

Why is B-lactamase inhibitor combined with cephalosporin?

Answer 11

As it is used in combo for treatment against intra-abdominal infections and UTI.

Question 12

Ceftriaxone is used agianst

Answer 12

The cephalosporin that can be used against Gonorrhea and Typhoid fever is?

Question 13

Aztreonam is for

Answer 13

mainly aerobic gram -ve bacteria; especially to patients allergic to penicillin

Question 14

Carbapenems is inactivated by ________ giving it a nephrotoxic affect

Answer 14

dihydropeptidase

Question 15

Carbapenems use and serious adverse effect

Answer 15

Serious hospital acquired infection

Seizures

Question 16

Vancomycin can cause two severe adverse effects

Answer 16

Red man syndrome

Nephrotoxic

Question 17

Daptomycin is use because

Answer 17

it is an effective alternative to vancomycin

Question 18

Fosfomycin shows…..

Answer 18

synergism with B-lactams, aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones

Question 19

Cycloserine is used exclusively to….

Answer 19

treat tuberculosis resistant to first line drugs

Question 20

Aminoglycosides are in effective against _______because_______

Answer 20

Anaerobes, need O2 dependent active transport to work

Question 21

Aminoglycosides cross BBB? Placental barrier?
How is it excreted in urine

Answer 21

No but can cross placental barrier

Excreted unchanged in urine; danger of accumulation in impaired renal function

Question 22

Doxycycline attach to ……leading to inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer 22

30 S ribosomal subunits

Question 23

Tetracyclines are notorious for what two side effects?

Answer 23

If taken under 8 or during pregnancy; Teeth and bone Abnormalities: permanent yellow discoloration and enamel dysplasia. Deformity of bones and inhibition of its growth.

Teratogenic

Question 24

Tigecycline are very wide spectrum but one organism is resistant to them which is…….

Answer 24

P aeruginosa

Question 25

Chloramphenicol is used in

Answer 25

Bacterial meningitis, especially gram -ve infulenza

Question 26

Chloramphenicol major two adverse effects are

Answer 26

Bone marrow inhibition----> no more Erythropoiesis Gray baby syndrome: drug not properly metabolized causing accumulation, toxicity and shock

Question 27

Clarithromycin is affective against

Answer 27

H. pylori

Question 28

Azithromycin is used for

Answer 28

Haemophilus influenza

Question 29

Clindamycin can be used locally in

Answer 29

Acne vulgaris

Question 30

Clindamycin can cause Fatal......

Answer 30

Fatal pseudomembranous colitis

Question 31

Flouroquilones two major SE

Answer 31

Chondrolytic (cartilage destruction ) Rupture of tendons

Question 32

Ciprofloxacin and Olfoxacin cause what when combined

Answer 32

decrease metabolism of theophylline, warfarin and sulfonylureas

Question 33

Fluroquinolones absorption becomes lower if ________are taken before hand

Answer 33

Antiacids

Question 34

Sulphathalidine is used in

Answer 34

bacillary dysentery

Question 35

Sulfonamide strange contraindication is

Answer 35

Creatinine clearance < 15 ml / min

Question 36

Co-trimoxazole prodice

Answer 36

Sequential block in synthesis of folinic acid and DNA

Question 37

Rifampicin is used in two things

Answer 37

First line TB Leprosy

Question 38

Amphotericin B is used for.....

Answer 38

aspergillosis

Question 39

Flucytosine differs than Amphotericin B in

Answer 39

being much narrower spectrum

Question 40

Itraconazole does not

Answer 40

affect mammalian steroid synthesis

Question 41

Itraconazole absorption

Answer 41

Food and low gastric pH

Question 42

Itraconazole penetrates

Answer 42

poorly the cerebrospinal flood

Question 43

Itraconazole is exclusively used for

Answer 43

dermatophytes and anychomycosis

Question 44

Fluconazole differs from its siblings in

Answer 44

having the least effect on HME

Question 45

Side effects of Voriconazole are

Answer 45

rash and elevated hepatic enzymes Visual disturbances Photosensitive dermatitis

Question 46

Echinocandis MOA

Answer 46

inhibit B(1-3)-glucan

Question 47

Griseofulvin is only useful in

Answer 47

treatment of systemic dermatophytosis

Question 48

Nystatin is used for

Answer 48

vaginal candiasis

Question 49

Posaconazole differs from rest because

Answer 49

it is the broadest spectrum member of the azole family