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Chapter 22 > Notes Only > Flashcards

Notes Only Flashcards

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0
Q

What were the strong moral convictions influenced by his world outlook/champion (progressive):

A
  1. All nations deserved self determination
  2. Promotion of free trade
  3. Furtherance of democracy
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1
Q

What did Wilson not posses

A

Foreign policy experience

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2
Q

Wilson could not avoid the growing of what?

A

Militarism, nationalism, and violence

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3
Q

Americas aggressive policy?

A

Marines landed in Haiti (1915) and in Dom Rep (1917)

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4
Q

Where did Wilson allow American business

A

LA

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5
Q

Policy in Mexico ?

A

Watchful waiting

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6
Q

What did general Huerta “The Jackal” do?

A

Seized power (coup w/ Wilsons blessing), but he assassinated Pres. Madero

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7
Q

What did Wilson do in 1914?

A

Wilson sent 800 marines to seize Veracruz to prevent an arms shipment

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8
Q

What was the result of Wilsons shipment?

A

Us welcomes new gov, rebellion erupts peasants

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9
Q

Who was the rebellion commander?

A

Fransisco “Pancho” villa (north) -[Robin Hood] 1923

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10
Q

What was seized in 1916?

A

A train carrying gold to Texas, killed 17, later made raid into New Mexico killing 18

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11
Q

What does Wilson do after the seizings of 1916?

A

Deploys 12,000 troops led by Gen. John J. “Blackjack” Pershing

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12
Q

What does Wilson recall in 1917?

A

Troops recalled nothing happened U.S. Claimed victory

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13
Q

Europe had centuries of relative peace prior to 1914 why?

A

Congress of Vienna (1814/1815)- Napoleon

  • take restore stability and order to Europe (peace)
  • ring around France
  • hereditary monarchy alliance
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14
Q

Which countries become states and when?

A

Germany( William i & ottoman van Bismarck) 1871 & Italy in 1861

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15
Q

Who was assassinated in Russia in 1881?

A

Alexander II

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16
Q

What does Alexander III do for Russia?

A

Creates secret police and makes Eastern Orthodox Church the official religion

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17
Q

What are the results of Alexander III

A

Mass exodus of Jewish people
KGB- Russian secret police
Pogram- when gangs attack a certain ethnic religion

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18
Q

Factors leading to war

A

Militarism
Nationalism
Imperialism

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19
Q

What were the systems of alliances?

A

Triple alliance and triple entente

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20
Q

Known as the powder keg of Europe

A

Balkans

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21
Q

What is NATO

A

North Atlantic treaty organization

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22
Q

Who was the German kaiser and what is a kaiser?

A

Means emperor and Wilhelm II and challenges British naval army

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23
Q

Who’s apart of the Triple Alliance ?

A

Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy

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24
Who was apart of the triple entente?
Great Britain, France, and Russia
25
Why are the alliances created?
To a create a balance of power between the countries
26
We're there any negative consequences to these alliances?
It makes it a larger conflict
27
Which Archduke was assassinated in 1914?
Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, Serbian nationalist
28
What is the spark of the war
Austria- Hungary declare war on Serbia on July 29, Germany, Russia, France and Britain join war later on and Germany invades Belgium
29
What is the U.S. Standpoint during the spark?
They remain neutral, no national interest, no principle | Advantage= trade freely with all nations
30
What were the allies
1914 UK, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium Japan Italy U.S. 1917
31
Central powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
32
What happened to the U.S. During the Britain blockade of Germany
Exports increased to GB by 400%
33
How did U-boats threaten www and cw
Needed to sink shipping and not capable of rescuing survivors
34
Ocean liner ______ sunk off _______, ____ dead including ____ Americans
Lusitania, Irish coast, 1,198, 128
35
What did Germany do after Lusitania ?
Apologized and claimed no more attacks without warning
36
Did Lusitania start the U.S war?
No
37
Who did Wilson defeat for reelection and what slogan did he use?
Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes campaign slogan "He kept us out of war"
38
Feb, 1916 Germany issued what?
The Sussex Pledge
39
Feb 1917 Germany announced that it was resuming the policy of?
Unrestricted submarine warfare
40
Allied power in trouble consisted of?
``` Morale law (3 yrs of fighting) Russia in turmoil (Nicholas II abdicated) by Bolsheviks, later they withdraw from WWI ```
41
What does the allied power trouble allow Germany to do?
Redeploy eastern front troops to the western front
42
What is Bolshevik/Russian Revolution?
- Occurred in Russia - Industrialization created new wealth, little to improve life for the majority - Prelude- Bloody Sunday & 1905 Revolution - October Manifesto
43
Russia Revolution
1. Protests Marches- Nicholas called on his army to quell the demonstrations - Army refuses, Nicholas II abdicates - Vladimir Lenin- the leader of a group of soviets= Bolsheviks, another leader Leon Trotsky
44
Bolshevik Revolution
Known as the October Revolution, overthrew the provisional govt. and established a communist govt
45
________ ______ exposed by the press, ______ continue to sink merchant ships
Zimmerman Telegraph, U-boats
46
Who asks congress for a declaration of war
President Wilson
47
Who opposed the declaration of war?
Jeanette Rankin & Robert La Follette
48
The Zimmerman Telegraph was between which two countries?
German Ambassador and Mexico
49
What was the Record Group 59?
General Records of the Department of State 1756-1979 National Archives and Records Admin
50
Reasons for U.S. Entry
Sussex Pledge Broken, broken after targeting of Sussex a merchant ship 1) passenger ships would not be targeted 2) Merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons was established possibly by searching the ship 3) Merchant ship would not be sunk without provision for safety of passengers
51
What were the technological changes of Warfare?
Flamethrowers, airplane
52
Amount of casualties from chemical warfare
1.3 million
53
Gases used for chemical warfare
Chlorine gas- filled lungs with liquid | Mustard gas- brown, mustard smell, affected lungs and skin with blisters
54
What were he factors of air combat?
More than 1/2 of all pilots killed were killed during training Several weeks life expectancy (50 hrs flight time)
55
Who is Baron Richthofen and what is he known for?
Painted his plane red decorated it with serial numbers of downed British planes "When I have shot down" and "I am a hunter" Had 80 kills Killed before war ended
56
The bloodiest battle and casualties
Battle of the Somme 600,000 french and British 500,00 German Allowed allies to advance 6 miles
57
Reasons for U.S. Entry to war
1) economic interest, ties and sympathies to allies 2) allied propaganda 3) Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare 4) Russian revolution and the Czars abdication
58
What act did congress pass in 1917?
Selective service act, activating the draft
59
What was he result of the draft?
4 million were in uniform (2.8 draftees), 2million served | 400,000 African Americans served (100,00 combat)
60
The American Expeditionary Force
Commanded by General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing American soldiers were called doughboys Eddie Rickenbacker & infantry Sergeant Alvin York
61
Who is Eddie Rickenbacker?
``` Race car driver (mechanic) Best american fight pilot 26 kills Medal of Honor 300 hrs SPAD XIII ```
62
Who is Alvin York
``` Most decorated soldier of WWI Medal of Honor Company G, 328 regiment 50 decorations York statue Nashville, TN ```
63
What events ended the war!
1918- Germans spring offensive ultimately failed- Germans forced to retreat back to Germany 1 M American troops participated in the Meuse-Argonne counteroffensive Nov. 11- an armistice (cease fire) reached, in the U.S. It's Veterans Day
64
Casualties of WWI
Allies- 5,142,631 Central Power- 3,386,200 Total- 8,528,831
65
Progressive view of war
Could change nation for the better Gov would have great human and physical resource control 18th amendment prohibition- banned alcohol, and production Gov emphasized voluntarism, not compulsion
66
War costs ?
1) loans especially "liberty bonds" 22 B | 2) federal income taxes once corporation and the wealthy 11 B
67
The was caused use to?
Reevaluate gov and business relations response- increased level of cooperation with some regulations
68
Agencies after war
1) war industries board 2) food admin (Herbert Hoover) 3) war labor board
69
Women war suffrage
25,000 women served in France 1/2 nurses- rest drivers, food services, humanitarian 19th amendment woman suffrage
70
Director of committee on public info
George Creel
71
Used to give speeches on expansion of propaganda about nativism and anti German
Four minute men
72
German socialist lynched and acquitted
Robert prager
73
Acts that caused heavy fines & prison sentences for anti war actions approx 1500 arrested
Espionage act & sedition act
74
Big four
1. President Wilson usa 2. Pm david Lloyd George UK 3. President George Clemenceau 4. Premier vittorrio Orlando
75
Pres Wilson way peace
Idealism and basis
76
Allies revenge
Vengeance against Germany, seizure of territory, limitations of 14 points
77
Versailles peace treaty for Germany
Had to pay $33b Stripped of all colonies Surrender border areas Completely disarmed
78
League of Nations
Wilson | US senate not ratify the treaty of Versailles, is never become a member
79
Treaty of Versailles
Ends war Redrew map of Europe Germany blamed pay indemnity of 33B Treaty never ratified, US never joins league US make separate peace with Germany no Hungary
80
Aftermath of war in society
``` Unemployment rates raises from 2% to 12% 4 million went on strike Three major strikes 1. Seattle general strike 2. Boston Police 3. Steel workers ```
81
What is red scare
Public fears of communist infiltration led to panic led by Palmer and aided by anarchist Emma Goldman Uss bufford delivered 250 extremists
82
Opportunities for blacks and Mexicans
500,00 blacks move from south 100,000 migrate to Cali and southwest 500,000 Mexicans Both faced discrimination and resentment

Chapter 22 (1 decks)

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