NUSB 201 Module 1

Question 1

Who creates nursing standards?

Answer 1

Nursing standards are typically created by professional nursing organizations and regulatory bodies at the national, state, and international levels.

Question 2

What organizations create nursing standards?

Answer 2

Key organizations include the American Nurses Association (ANA), International Council of Nurses (ICN), National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), and various Specialty Nursing Organizations.

Question 3

What is the role of the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

Answer 3

The ANA is the largest professional nursing organization in the United States, developing and promoting standards of nursing practice, including the Code of Ethics for Nurses.

Question 4

What is the role of the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?

Answer 4

The ICN is a global federation of national nursing associations that provides leadership in nursing and contributes to the development of nursing standards and guidelines worldwide.

Question 5

What is the role of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)?

Answer 5

The NCSBN comprises nursing regulatory bodies from each U.S. state, developing and maintaining the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) and providing guidance on nursing practice standards.

Question 6

What are the effects of nursing standards on care?

Answer 6

Nursing standards significantly impact care by establishing quality expectations, emphasizing patient safety, ensuring consistency, promoting professional accountability, and aligning with legal and regulatory compliance.

Question 7

How do nursing standards affect the quality of care?

Answer 7

They provide guidelines for competent, safe, and ethical nursing care, promoting positive patient outcomes.

Question 8

How do nursing standards emphasize patient safety?

Answer 8

They outline infection control practices, medication administration guidelines, and measures to prevent errors and adverse events.

Question 9

What is the impact of nursing standards on consistency and uniformity?

Answer 9

Standards provide a framework for consistent nursing practice based on evidence-based practices, improving communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals.

Question 10

What is the significance of professional accountability in nursing standards?

Answer 10

Nursing standards define the scope of nursing practice and ethical obligations, promoting accountability and professionalism among nurses.

Question 11

What career opportunities does a master’s degree in nursing (MSN) provide?

Answer 11

An MSN is required for advanced practice RN careers, while nurses with lower degrees can pursue roles as RNs or Quality Assurance RNs.

Question 12

What recent changes have impacted nursing practices?

Answer 12

Recent social, historical, political, and economic changes, such as an aging population, cultural diversity, healthcare policy reforms, and technological advancements, have significantly influenced nursing practices.

Question 13

What is an example of a social change affecting nursing?

Answer 13

The aging population increases demand for healthcare services, presenting new challenges for nurses in managing chronic conditions and providing specialized geriatric care.

Question 14

How has Florence Nightingale influenced modern nursing?

Answer 14

She implemented sanitary measures during the Crimean War that reduced mortality rates, emphasizing cleanliness and proper nutrition.

Question 15

What role does evidence-based practice play in nursing?

Answer 15

It involves integrating the best available evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide nursing care.

Question 16

What is an integrated health care system?

Answer 16

An integrated health system is a coordinated network of healthcare providers, facilities, and services that work together to deliver comprehensive care.

Question 17

What is Medicare?

Answer 17

Medicare is a government health insurance program that reimburses approved home care agencies and is not for children.

Question 18

What is the role of nurses in an integrated health system?

Answer 18

Nurses provide patient-centered care, care coordination, patient advocacy, health promotion, and quality improvement.

Question 19

What is the capitation reimbursement model?

Answer 19

Capitation means the provider receives a fixed amount per person, not based on the frequency of care.

Question 20

How do nurses impact patient satisfaction?

Answer 20

RNs must prioritize quality care for all patients, ensuring they leave with a positive image of nursing.

Question 21

What are the levels of healthcare?

Answer 21

Levels include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary healthcare, each with specific focuses and services.

Question 22

What are the levels of prevention in healthcare?

Answer 22

Levels include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary prevention, each targeting different stages of disease management.

Question 23

What are health disparities?

Answer 23

Health disparities are differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare services among different populations.

Question 24

What are barriers to healthcare access?

Answer 24

Barriers include high costs, lack of transportation, language barriers, and limited availability of healthcare facilities.

Question 25

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 25

Social determinants of health are factors like education, race/ethnicity, and housing that influence health outcomes.

Question 26

What is respite care?

Answer 26

Respite care provides temporary relief for caregivers, allowing them time to run errands or relax.

Question 27

What are the components of a theory?

Answer 27

Components include concepts, constructs, and assumptions that explain and predict phenomena in a field of study.

Question 28

What are concepts in the context of theory?

Answer 28

Concepts can be broad or specific, providing the vocabulary and framework for discussing and analyzing the theory's subject matter.

Question 29

What are constructs?

Answer 29

Constructs are concepts that have been specifically defined within the context of the theory, representing abstract or complex ideas that are not directly observable.

Question 30

What are assumptions in a theory?

Answer 30

Assumptions are statements accepted as true within the theory, serving as foundational beliefs or premises for its development.

Question 31

What are principles or propositions in a theory?

Answer 31

Principles or propositions express the relationships between concepts or constructs in the theory, representing theoretical assertions about how elements interact.

Question 32

What are relationships in a theory?

Answer 32

Relationships describe the connections, associations, or interactions between different elements of the theory and can be causal, correlational, sequential, or conditional.

Question 33

What is the scope and boundaries of a theory?

Answer 33

The scope defines the specific phenomena the theory seeks to explain, while boundaries set limits on what is included or excluded, clarifying its focus.

Question 34

What is empirical validity in a theory?

Answer 34

Empirical validity means that a theory's concepts, constructs, and propositions can be tested and supported through empirical research and observation.

Question 35

What is the focus of Grand, Middle-range, Descriptive, and Prescriptive Nursing Theory?

Answer 35

Grand theory provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing. A middle-range theory bridges the gap between nursing research and practice. A descriptive theory is the first level of theory development. A prescriptive theory details nursing interventions.

Question 36

How are theories used in nursing practice?

Answer 36

Theories guide nursing practice by providing a framework for understanding, analyzing, and predicting phenomena related to patient care, health promotion, and healthcare delivery.

Question 37

What is the science of nursing?

Answer 37

The science of nursing applies evidence-based practices, medical knowledge, and critical thinking skills to assess and manage patients' health conditions.

Question 38

What is the art of nursing?

Answer 38

The art of nursing encompasses compassionate, holistic, and interpersonal aspects of patient care, including effective communication and emotional support.

Question 39

How does Watson's Theory define person?

Answer 39

Watson views the person as a unique being with physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions.

Question 40

How does Watson's Theory define health?

Answer 40

Health is viewed as a balance and harmony within the person's mind, body, and spirit, extending beyond the absence of illness.

Question 41

How does Watson's Theory define nursing?

Answer 41

The nurse is seen as a facilitator of healing and a provider of care, establishing a caring and therapeutic relationship with the patient.

Question 42

How does Watson's Theory define environment?

Answer 42

The environment refers to the physical, social, and cultural context in which caring occurs, promoting well-being and comfort.

Question 43

How does Leininger's Theory define person?

Answer 43

Leininger views the person as a cultural being shaped by their cultural background, influencing their health beliefs and responses.

Question 44

How does Leininger's Theory define health?

Answer 44

Health is a culturally defined concept encompassing physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being within the cultural context.

Question 45

How does Leininger's Theory define nursing?

Answer 45

Nursing is a transcultural and holistic discipline focusing on providing culturally congruent care to individuals and communities.

Question 46

How does Leininger's Theory define environment?

Answer 46

The environment encompasses cultural, social, economic, and physical contexts influencing the delivery and outcomes of nursing care.

Question 47

What are ways to express caring and compassion through presence?

Answer 47

Be fully present, maintain eye contact, use active listening, and avoid distractions during patient interactions.

Question 48

What are ways to express caring and compassion through touch?

Answer 48

Use appropriate therapeutic touch, gently hold hands, and always obtain consent while respecting patient boundaries.

Question 49

What are ways to express caring and compassion through verbal communication?

Answer 49

Speak in a calm tone, use open-ended questions, and provide clear explanations about care plans.

Question 50

What are ways to express caring and compassion through non-verbal communication?

Answer 50

Smile genuinely, use open body language, and pay attention to the patient's non-verbal cues.

Question 51

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Answer 51

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is prioritized as follows: Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Self-Esteem, and Self-Actualization.

Question 52

What is Leininger's theory?

Answer 52

Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Nursing focuses on caring for patients from unique cultures and the effect of heritage on healthcare needs.

Question 53

What is Benner's theory of nursing?

Answer 53

Benner's theory outlines five stages of nursing proficiency from Novice to Expert, with the Expert stage representing the highest level of skill and knowledge.

Question 54

How do advances in nursing science and evidence-based practice improve patient care?

Answer 54

They improve quality and safety of patient care by using the latest research to inform clinical decision-making.

Question 55

Why is evidence-based practice important in nursing care?

Answer 55

It helps standardize care across different healthcare settings by incorporating the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.