NUSB 201 Module 2 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is the importance of incorporating family-centered care for an elderly patient with dementia?
A
Incorporating family-centered care is crucial for ensuring the patient’s well-being and involving family members in the care process.
2
Q
What is the first example of family-centered care?
A
Establishing Open Communication: Initiate open and regular communication with the patient’s family to understand their concerns, preferences, and expectations.
3
Q
What does open communication involve?
A
Providing updates on the patient’s condition, treatment plan, and any changes in care to keep the family informed and involved.
4
Q
How can you actively listen to the family’s input?
A
Address any questions or uncertainties they may have.
5
Q
What is the second example of family-centered care?
A
Collaborative Care Planning: Involve family members in care planning discussions and decision-making processes.
6
Q
What should be considered in collaborative care planning?
A
Seek input regarding the patient’s routines, preferences, and past coping strategies to promote comfort and familiarity.
7
Q
What is the third example of family-centered care?
A
Providing Education and Support: Educate the family about dementia, its progression, and common symptoms.
8
Q
What guidance can be offered to the family?
A
Offer guidance on effective communication techniques and strategies for managing challenging behaviors.
9
Q
What resources can be provided to the family?
A
Provide information about local support groups, counseling services, and community organizations.
10
Q
What is the fourth example of family-centered care?
A
Facilitating Family Presence and Engagement: Encourage the family to spend quality time with the patient.
11
Q
How can the environment be made welcoming for family members?
A
Create a calming environment that allows family participation while respecting the patient’s need for rest and privacy.
12
Q
What is the fifth example of family-centered care?
A
Emotional and Psychosocial Support: Acknowledge and validate the family’s emotions and concerns.
13
Q
How can emotional support be provided to the family?
A
Offer a listening ear and reassurance during difficult times.
14
Q
What resources can help the family cope with dementia caregiving?
A
Offer resources for counseling or support groups.
15
Q
What are the financial barriers families face when providing care for sick members?
A
Providing care often requires financial resources for medications, medical equipment, transportation, and potentially lost wages due to caregiving responsibilities.
16
Q
How do financial constraints impact caregiving for sick family members?
A
Many families may struggle with financial constraints, hindering their ability to adequately care for their sick family members.
17
Q
What other factors can impact caregiving besides financial resources?
A
Emotional attachment, medical knowledge, and availability of support services can also impact caregiving.
18
Q
What is often cited as a primary barrier to caregiving?
A
Lack of financial resources is often cited as a primary barrier.
19
Q
What are the barriers for families providing care for sick family members?
A
Providing care to sick family members often requires financial resources for medications, medical equipment, transportation to medical appointments, and potentially lost wages due to caregiving responsibilities. Many families may struggle with financial constraints, which can hinder their ability to adequately care for their sick family members. While emotional attachment, medical knowledge, and support services availability can also impact caregiving, lack of financial resources is often cited as a primary barrier.
20
Q
What are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
A
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of three stages: Alarm Stage, Resistance Stage, and Exhaustion Stage.
21
Q
Describe the Alarm Stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
A
In the alarm stage, the body perceives a stressor and activates the ‘fight-or-flight’ response. The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, leading to the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, resulting in physiological changes like increased heart rate and rapid breathing.
22
Q
Describe the Resistance Stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
A
If the stressor persists, the body enters the resistance stage, attempting to adapt to the ongoing stressor and regain balance. Physiological responses may remain elevated but stabilize at a higher level, conserving energy to cope with the stressor.
23
Q
Describe the Exhaustion Stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
A
The exhaustion stage occurs when the body’s resources become depleted from prolonged stress. Physiological responses decline, leading to fatigue, decreased immune function, and increased susceptibility to health problems.
24
Q
What role does the endocrine system play in the general adaptation syndrome?
A
The endocrine system plays a crucial role in coordinating the body’s response to stressors during the GAS. It regulates hormonal levels to sustain the body’s response throughout the alarm and resistance stages.
25
What interventions can be implemented for a patient experiencing stress due to a recent diagnosis?
Interventions will vary based on the patient's needs and circumstances.
26
What nursing theory can be chosen to describe stress care integration?
Answers will vary. Share your answers with your classmates.
27
What is important when caring for a patient experiencing stress due to a recent diagnosis?
Provide supportive and holistic care to address their physical, emotional, and psychological needs.
28
What is the first nursing intervention for a stressed patient?
Establish a Therapeutic Relationship: Build rapport and trust through active listening, empathy, and genuine interest.
29
How can emotional support be provided to a patient experiencing stress?
Validate the patient's emotions, offer reassurance, and allow them to express their fears and concerns.
30
What role does education play in stress care for patients?
Facilitate Education and Information: Provide accurate information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options.
31
How can a nurse involve a patient in their care planning?
Collaborate in Care Planning: Involve the patient in developing their care plan considering their preferences and goals.
32
What coping strategies can be taught to a patient experiencing stress?
Teach Coping Strategies: Educate on stress management techniques like deep breathing, relaxation, and mindfulness.
33
What is the importance of coordinating referrals and resources?
Coordinate Referrals and Resources: Assess the need for additional support services and connect the patient to resources.
34
Why is follow-up and continuity of care essential?
Follow-Up and Continuity of Care: Schedule regular appointments to monitor progress and maintain open communication.
35
What is the role of therapeutic communication in end of life care?
Therapeutic communication is needed to create a strong relationship between the nurse, the patient, and their family.
36
How should a nurse assess family members of a terminal patient?
The nurse should assess the various coping mechanisms of each family member to provide appropriate support and care.
37
What resources can a nurse connect the patient's family to?
The nurse can connect the patient's family to community resources, such as grief support groups.
38
What type of care can a nurse help family members obtain?
The nurse could help the family members obtain hospice care for the last days of the patient's life.
39
Is providing information on organ donation helpful during end of life care?
Providing information on organ donation will not help with the anticipated loss.
40
Is euthanasia considered acceptable in end of life care?
Euthanasia is not an ethically acceptable part of end-of-life care and is not legal in many countries.
41
What should a nurse arrange for the patient at the time of death?
The nurse should arrange to provide privacy for the patient at the time of death but should not leave the patient alone.
42
What is Therapeutic Communication?
Therapeutic Communication involves techniques that promote understanding and support in a healthcare setting.
43
What is Active Listening?
Active Listening is fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what the other person is saying.
44
What is Reflective Listening?
Reflective Listening involves paraphrasing what the speaker has said to show understanding.
## Footnote
Example: "It sounds like you're feeling overwhelmed by the recent changes in your life."
45
What is Clarification?
Clarification is asking for more information to ensure understanding.
## Footnote
Example: "Can you please explain what you meant by 'feeling lost'?"
46
What are Open-Ended Questions?
Open-Ended Questions encourage detailed responses rather than simple yes or no answers.
## Footnote
Example: "What has been on your mind lately?"
47
What is Summarization?
Summarization involves restating what has been said to confirm understanding.
## Footnote
Example: "Let me make sure I understood correctly. You're saying..."
48
What is Empathy and Validation?
Empathy and Validation involve recognizing and affirming the feelings of others.
49
What is an Empathetic Statement?
An Empathetic Statement expresses understanding of someone's feelings.
## Footnote
Example: "I can understand how challenging this situation must be for you."
50
What is Validation?
Validation acknowledges that a person's feelings are legitimate.
## Footnote
Example: "Your feelings are valid, and it's normal to have concerns about your health."
51
What is Encouragement?
Encouragement involves providing positive reinforcement.
## Footnote
Example: "You've shown great strength in managing your symptoms. Keep up the good work!"
52
What is Offering Support?
Offering Support means being available to help someone in need.
## Footnote
Example: "I'm here for you. Is there anything specific you need assistance with?"
53
What is Reflecting Feelings?
Reflecting Feelings involves expressing what you perceive the other person is feeling.
## Footnote
Example: "It seems like you're feeling frustrated about the lack of progress."
54
What is Identifying Feelings?
Identifying Feelings is recognizing and articulating the emotions of another person.
## Footnote
Example: "I sense that you're feeling anxious before the procedure."
55
What is Information Sharing?
Information Sharing involves providing relevant details to the person.
## Footnote
Example: "Let me explain the potential side effects of the medication you'll be taking."
56
What is Education in a therapeutic context?
Education provides individuals with knowledge about their health or treatment.
## Footnote
Example: "Here's a pamphlet that provides detailed instructions on how to care for your incision wound."
57
What is False Reassurance?
False Reassurance minimizes a person's concerns and may not reflect reality.
## Footnote
Examples: "Don't worry, everything will be fine." / "You'll be back on your feet in no time."
58
What are Dismissive Statements?
Dismissive Statements belittle a person's feelings or concerns.
## Footnote
Examples: "It's not that big of a deal." / "You're overreacting. It's not worth getting upset about."
59
What are Close-Ended Questions?
Close-Ended Questions can be answered with a simple yes or no.
## Footnote
Examples: "Did you take your medication?" / "Are you feeling better now?"
60
What are Judgmental or Critical Remarks?
Judgmental or Critical Remarks express disapproval or blame.
## Footnote
Examples: "You should have known better." / "Why didn't you follow the doctor's instructions?"
61
What is Offering Personal Opinions?
Offering Personal Opinions involves sharing one's own experiences or preferences.
## Footnote
Examples: "If I were you, I would choose this treatment option." / "I had a similar experience, and this is what worked for me."
62
Differentiate between Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication.
Intrapersonal communication is a form of communication that occurs within an individual, also referred to as self-talk or self-verbalization. Interpersonal communication occurs on a one-on-one basis between the nurse and the patient.
63
Describe lateral violence and appropriate responses to lateral violence.
Lateral Violence, also known as horizontal violence, refers to negative behaviors such as bullying, intimidation, or aggression among colleagues within the same hierarchical level. The most appropriate response is to report the incident to the appropriate authority and seek support from colleagues.
64
List ineffective coping mechanisms.
Ineffective coping mechanisms include sleeping excessively, laughing inappropriately, lack of interest in food, and significant weight loss.
65
Define compassion fatigue.
Compassion fatigue is a condition characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced ability to empathize or feel compassion for others, particularly those in need.
66
Define ego defense mechanisms that patients use.
Ego defense mechanisms include denial, where a person avoids emotional conflict; dissociation, where a person has reduced awareness of their surroundings; identification, where a person patterns their behavior after another; and displacement, where emotions are transferred to a less anxiety-producing substitute.
67
What are nonverbal therapeutic techniques?
Nonverbal therapeutic techniques are methods used to communicate empathy, support, and understanding without words.
68
What is active listening in nonverbal communication?
Active listening involves maintaining eye contact, using facial expressions, and adopting an open posture to show attentiveness.
69
How can touch be used as a nonverbal therapeutic technique?
Touch can involve gentle gestures like holding a patient's hand or providing comforting touches, while being mindful of cultural considerations.
70
What are nonverbal cues of empathy?
Nonverbal cues of empathy include mirroring body language, using a calm tone, and allowing silence for the patient to process emotions.
71
Why is respect for personal space important in patient care?
Respecting personal space involves maintaining appropriate physical distance and being aware of individual preferences.
72
What does a nonjudgmental attitude entail in nonverbal communication?
A nonjudgmental attitude means maintaining an accepting demeanor and avoiding negative body language that can hinder communication.
73
How can the environment affect nonverbal communication?
Creating a calm environment by adjusting lighting and noise levels can promote relaxation and facilitate effective interaction.
74
What role does personal appearance play in nonverbal communication?
Personal appearance, including physical characteristics and grooming, serves as a powerful means of nonverbal communication.
75
What are the constructs of the cultural competency model?
The cultural competence model comprises five constructs: Awareness, Knowledge, Skill, Encounters, and Desire.
76
What does Awareness involve in the cultural competency model?
Awareness involves recognizing one's own cultural biases and prejudices.
77
What does Knowledge refer to in the cultural competency model?
Knowledge refers to understanding the cultural norms, values, and beliefs of diverse groups.
78
What does Skill involve in the cultural competency model?
Skill involves the ability to effectively communicate and interact with individuals from different cultures.
79
What do Encounters refer to in the cultural competency model?
Encounters involve direct interactions and experiences with individuals from diverse backgrounds.
80
What does Desire reflect in the cultural competency model?
Desire reflects the motivation and commitment to continuously improve cultural competence.
81
What are the four phases of a nurse-patient helping relationship?
The four phases are: Pre-interaction Phase, Orientation Phase, Working Phase, and Termination Phase.
82
What occurs during the Pre-interaction Phase?
The nurse gathers information about the patient, examines their own feelings, and sets goals for the interaction.
83
What is the focus of the Orientation Phase?
The nurse introduces themselves, establishes rapport, assesses the patient's needs, and identifies healthcare goals.
84
What happens in the Working Phase?
The nurse and patient collaborate to achieve goals, provide education, and maintain open communication.
85
What is the purpose of the Termination Phase?
To acknowledge the end of the relationship, evaluate progress, and provide guidance for continued care.
86
Why is it important for nurses to navigate through each phase with empathy?
Empathy, respect, and sensitivity help to establish a therapeutic connection and promote patient well-being.
87
What is the first approach for providing culturally competent care?
Cultural Awareness and Self-Reflection: Reflect on personal biases, educate oneself about the patient's culture, and appreciate diversity within cultures.
88
What does respect and sensitivity entail in culturally competent care?
Show respect for the patient's cultural beliefs, demonstrate sensitivity by listening actively, and avoid imposing one's own cultural values.
89
How can effective communication be achieved in culturally competent care?
Use clear language, be aware of nonverbal cues, and utilize professional interpreters if necessary.
90
What is involved in culturally appropriate assessment?
Adapt assessment methods to be culturally sensitive, understand the influence of culture on health behaviors, and ask open-ended questions.
91
How can cultural beliefs and practices be incorporated into care?
Involve the patient in care planning, integrate important cultural practices, and collaborate with family or cultural advisors.
92
What role do interpreters and cultural brokers play in culturally competent care?
Engage professional interpreters for effective communication, provide clear instructions, and seek input from cultural brokers.
93
Why is continuing education important for culturally competent care?
Stay informed about cultural competence and healthcare disparities through ongoing education and engage in workshops or courses.
94
What is the first step to integrate a cultural competency model into nursing practice?
Assessment: Assess the cultural competence of the nursing staff and identify areas for improvement.
95
What should be evaluated in the assessment phase of cultural competency integration?
Evaluate the cultural diversity of the patient population served and gather data on cultural beliefs, values, and practices that may impact healthcare delivery.
96
What is the second step in integrating a cultural competency model?
Education and Training: Provide ongoing education and training on cultural competence to nursing staff.
97
What types of educational resources should be offered to nursing staff?
Workshops, seminars, or online courses to enhance knowledge and skills in providing culturally competent care.
98
What topics should be included in cultural competence education?
Cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, communication strategies, and cultural assessment tools.
99
What is the third step in integrating a cultural competency model?
Organizational Policies and Practices: Develop and implement policies that support cultural competency in nursing practice.
100
How can an organization promote cultural competency?
Ensure that the organizational culture promotes diversity, inclusion, and respect for different cultural backgrounds.
101
What should be integrated into performance evaluations?
Cultural competency should be integrated into performance evaluations and professional development plans.
102
What is the fourth step in integrating a cultural competency model?
Cultural Assessment and Care Planning: Incorporate cultural assessment tools into the nursing assessment process.
103
What type of questions should be used in cultural assessments?
Culturally sensitive assessment questions to gather information about the patient's cultural beliefs, values, and practices.
104
What should individualized care plans consider?
Cultural preferences and beliefs in collaboration with the patient and their family.
105
What is the fifth step in integrating a cultural competency model?
Language Access and Communication: Ensure access to professional interpreters or language services to facilitate effective communication.
106
What training should nursing staff receive regarding language access?
Train nursing staff on working with interpreters and utilizing language assistance services.
107
What resources can be used to bridge language and communication gaps?
Cultural brokers or community resources.
108
What is the sixth step in integrating a cultural competency model?
Collaboration and Partnerships: Collaborate with community organizations, cultural groups, and community leaders.
109
What should partnerships aim to address in healthcare?
Healthcare disparities and improve culturally appropriate care.
110
Who should be involved in the care planning process?
Patients, families, and cultural advisors.
111
What is the seventh step in integrating a cultural competency model?
Continuous Quality Improvement: Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of cultural competence initiatives.
112
What type of feedback should be collected for quality improvement?
Feedback from patients, families, and nursing staff to identify areas of strength and areas for improvement.
113
How often should cultural competency practices be reviewed?
Regularly review and update cultural competency practices based on feedback and emerging research.
114
Differentiate between Cultural skills, Cultural desire, Cultural awareness, and Cultural knowledge.
Cultural awareness refers to recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people. Cultural skills assess social, cultural, and biophysical factors that influence patient treatment and care. Cultural desire describes the motivation to learn from others, accept the role as a learner, and be open to and accepting cultural differences. Cultural knowledge includes sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups, including values, health beliefs, care practices, and worldviews.
115
Define the concepts of marginalization, iceberg analogy, intersectionality, health disparity and implicit bias.
The concept of the iceberg analogy helps in understanding the visual and virtual aspects of the way humans perceive things. Marginalization is the segregation of patients on the basis of political systems, labor markets, and positions of power. Intersectionality refers to the division of patients on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, occupation, class, and immigration status. Health disparity refers to the differences in health caused by social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages. Implicit bias refers to unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.
116
Describe family caregiver role strain and the appropriate interventions.
Symptoms of caregiver role strain are facial expressions and mannerisms indicative of fatigue and malaise, an unkempt appearance, irritability, anger, a change of appetite and no interest in going out and meeting people. The priority nursing intervention should be referring the patient for respite care. Other measures that can reduce stress are support groups to seek help, yoga, and meditation.
117
Define the various types of family categories.
An extended family includes parents and grandparents. A nuclear family includes only the parents and the child or children. Examples of alternative families include households headed by homosexual couples and households in which grandparents alone care for their grandchildren. A blended family includes children from the parents' previous relationships.
118
Describe the causes of grandparents raising grandchildren.
Factors affecting the new parenting responsibility when grandparents raise grandchildren include single parenthood caused by death, divorce, or desertion; dual-family incomes; and an increase in the divorce rate. Homelessness and family violence are also significant factors.
119
Define the concept of family resiliency.
Family resiliency is about the ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors. It helps evaluate healthy responses when individuals and families are experiencing stressful events.
120
Discuss the risk factors associated with domestic violence.
Abuse as a child is a contributing factor for increasing the risk for domestic violence. A family history of drug or alcohol abuse and being in a relationship with a current alcohol or drug abuser also increase the risk.
121
What cultural considerations should the male doctor keep in mind when treating a female Muslim patient?
The doctor should consider modesty, privacy, dress code, and fasting. Muslim women often prefer to have female healthcare providers present during examinations. Always ask the patient about their comfort level and provide the option of a chaperone when appropriate. Ensure that examinations occur in a private and discreet setting. Be respectful of traditional clothing and avoid asking them to undress more than necessary. Respect the patient's fasting schedule during religious periods like Ramadan.
122
What strategies can the doctor employ to effectively communicate medical information while being sensitive to the patient's religious beliefs?
Understand the patient's cultural and religious background and integrate this knowledge into your communication. Encourage open communication, ask about concerns or preferences, and explain medical procedures clearly and respectfully. Be mindful of prayer times and other religious obligations when scheduling appointments.
123
How can the doctor demonstrate respect for the patient's autonomy and religious preferences during the treatment process?
Ensure that the patient fully understands proposed treatments and can make informed decisions. Respect a patient's right to refuse treatment based on religious beliefs, exploring alternatives when possible. Collaborate with the patient's religious advisors to support their emotional and spiritual well-being.
124
What are the key components of providing quality healthcare while being sensitive to a patient's religious beliefs?
Cultural competence, respect, and effective communication are key. Always tailor your approach to the individual patient's needs and preferences.
