Nutrition 4 - Vitamins

Question 1

What are micronutrients?

Answer 1

Essential vitamins
Minerals and trace element

Question 2

Are micronutrients a source of energy?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

what is the role of micronutrients?

Answer 3

Involved in the metabolic reactions that provide the energy. It don’t directly supply body with nutrients

Question 4

Are vitamins essential?

Answer 4

Yes, need to be consumed in the diet

Question 5

What are the 2 classifications of vitamins?

Answer 5

Fat or water soluble

Question 6

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 6

A
D
E
K

Question 7

What are the 2 natural forms of vitamin A?

Answer 7

Retinol and 3-denydroretinol

Question 8

What is the effect of too much vitamin A?

Answer 8

Joint or bone pain, hair loss anorexia, liver damage

Pregnancy, spontaneous abortion or foetal abnormalities

Question 9

What is the effect of vitamin A deficiency in the mouth?

Answer 9

Dry mouth

mucous cells become keratin cells

night blindness

changes in bone, cartilage and teeth

infertility in males

still births

changes in taste buds (reduced ability to taste)

Question 10

Where is vitamin D stored?

Answer 10

Liver and under skin

Question 11

What is the role of vitamin D?

Answer 11

Regulation of calcium turnover

Teeth

Question 12

What is the role of vitamin E?

Answer 12

Major chain breaking lipid soluble antioxidant in membranes also essential for normal immune function

Question 13

What is the role of vitamin K?

Answer 13

procoagulant

Enhances osteocalcin function, so strengthens bones

Question 14

What is the role of B12?

Answer 14

Recycling of folate coenzymes

Also required for myelination

Question 15

What are the water soluble vitamin?

Answer 15

C

B1,2,12

Question 16

What are examples of food that supply vitamin A?

Answer 16

liver, milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, fatty fish

margarine enriched

carrots

Question 17

What is xerophthalmia?

Answer 17

dry eyes

Question 18

What does vitamin K deficiency result in?

Answer 18

bleeding disorders (low plasma prothrombin activity

Question 19

What the effects of B1 deficiency?

Answer 19

acute: cardiac effect

chronic: neural defects

muscle pain

deafness

loss of taste

Question 20

What demographic are more likely to have a B1 deficiency?

Answer 20

alcoholism

Question 21

What is B2 involved in?

Answer 21

oxidative processes

• glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation

Question 22

What does B2 deficiency result in?

Answer 22

various lesions; dermatitis, oral sores, corneal damage

Question 23

What are reasons why people can be B12 deficient?

Answer 23

it is found in most animal products - vegans/vegetarians can be deficient

or due to failure of an intrinsic factor secretion leading to pernicious anaemia

Question 24

What is the effect of B12 deficiency?

Answer 24

deficiency may cause irreversible neurological damage

Question 25

How do folate deficiencies show?

Answer 25

result in impaired cell division and altered protein synthesis typical symptom: megaloblastic anaemia affects rapidly regenerating tissues: foetal malformations neural tube defects

Question 26

How can you inject folate?

Answer 26

liver yeast green leafy vegetables

Question 27

What does a vitamin D deficiency result in?

Answer 27

rickets stress fractures

Question 28

What is a disease associated with vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 28

scurvy

Question 29

What is the function of vitamin C?

Answer 29

wound healing non-haem iron absorption antioxidant collagen, catecholamine and carnitine synthesis

Question 30

How can biotin deficiency appear?

Answer 30

swollen tongue

Question 31

What are symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 31

loose teeth problems in wound healing

Question 32

What is vit A required for?

Answer 32

growth, normal development and differentiation of tissues and immune function

Question 33

What can lack of vit D cause?

Answer 33

rickets stress fractures

Question 34

When can vitamin D be toxic?

Answer 34

high levels of calcium hypercalcaemia thirst anorexia soft tissue calcification renal cardiovascular damage

Question 35

What is a benefit of vit E and its antioxidant function?

Answer 35

suggested to... reduced risk of ischaemic heart disease and cancer

Question 36

Role of vitamin k?

Answer 36

pro-coagulant enhance osteocalcin function = strengthens bones

Question 37

What vitamin is thiamin?

Answer 37

vit B1

Question 38

What vitamin is riboflavin?

Answer 38

B12

Question 39

Name for B12?

Answer 39

CYANOCABALAMIN