Nutrition and feeds-salt and minerals

Question 1

what will minerals and vitamins change depending on

Answer 1

-winter vs pasture feed
-plant species
-forage management
-stage of plant growth
-soil type
-weather
-water quality

Question 2

what are minerals

Answer 2

-inorganic elements (contain no carbon)

Question 3

what are the macrominerals

Answer 3

-calcium
-potassium
-chlorine
-sodium
-phosphrous
-sulfur
-magnesium

Question 4

what is the functions of minerals

Answer 4

-structral materials
-maintain acid-base balance
-maintain osmotic presure
-digestive acids
-muscle contrations
-coenzymes

Question 5

what are the functions of calcium

Answer 5

-bone formation
-muscle contractions
-nerve functioning
-blood clotting
-egg shell formation

Question 6

what are some sources of calcium

Answer 6

-limestone
-dicalcium phosphate
-meat and bone meal
-alfalfa

Question 7

what are calcium deficiency symptoms

Answer 7

-rickets
-osteomalacia
-milk fever
-cage layer fatigue

Question 8

what are the functions of phosphorus

Answer 8

-bone formation
-metabolic (ATP, RNA, DNA)

Question 9

what are some sources of phosphorus

Answer 9

-dicalcium phosphate
-meat and bone meal
-plant sources

Question 10

what are P deficiency symptoms

Answer 10

-pica
-leg weakness

Question 11

what are the functions of sulpur

Answer 11

-building blocks of amino acids
-detox reactions
-required by ruminal microorganisms

Question 12

what are some sources of sulfur

Answer 12

sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium sulphate

Question 13

what are some deficiencies of sulfur

Answer 13

-repo issues
-poleo
-ties up cu

Question 14

what are the functions of magnesium

Answer 14

-activator of metobolic enzymes
-breakdown of glucose for energy
-replication of DNA

Question 15

what are some sources of magnesium

Answer 15

magnesium oxide

Question 16

what are the functions of potassium

Answer 16

-ubiquitous in body
-required in large amounts: normal functioning

Question 17

what are some sources of potassium

Answer 17

-found in many forages

Question 18

what are some functions of sodium and chloride

Answer 18

-osmotic balance, pH of body fluids
-sodium- muscle/nerve function
-chlorine- gastric juice (HCl)

Question 19

what are water soluble vitimans

Answer 19

c and b

Question 20

how do ruminants get there vitiman B

Answer 20

microbes synthesis it

Question 21

how do animals get there fat soluble vitimans

Answer 21

-A and E
required in diets of all animals
-D
produced by effects of sun on skin
-K
synthesis by rumen/cecum microbes

Question 22

what are the functions of vitimans

Answer 22

-regulate body processes
-promote growth and development
-build and maintain tissue
-assist in using energy form carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
-maintenance of health

Question 23

what are the fucntions of vit A

Answer 23

-vision
-epithelial tissue formation
-bone growth
-resistance to infection

Question 24

what are some sources of vit a

Answer 24

-natural- grasses, alfalfa (green=carotene)
-synthetic (feed or injection)

Question 25

what are some deficiency symptoms of vit a

Answer 25

-edema -abnormal bone growth -rough hair coat -night blindness -low concep rate/abortion -reduced growth, poor feed efficiency

Question 26

what are some fucntions of vit d

Answer 26

-regulation of Ca and P metabolism -bone growth -immune responce

Question 27

what are some vit d deficency symptoms

Answer 27

-rickets -osteomalacia -milk fever

Question 28

what are some sources of vit D

Answer 28

-sun light -commercial sources

Question 29

what are some vit D deficiency symptoms

Answer 29

-rickets -osteomalacia -milk fever

Question 30

what are some functions of vit e

Answer 30

-antioxidants -glutathione peroxidase

Question 31

what are some sources of vit e

Answer 31

tocopherols--green leafy forages, alfalfa, whole grains (vit e in oil seed)

Question 32

what are some symptoms of vit e deficiency

Answer 32

-white muscle disease

Question 33

what are some functions of vit K

Answer 33

blood clotting

Question 34

what are some sources of vit K

Answer 34

-plant and bacteria sources -synthetic sources

Question 35

what are some vit K antagonists

Answer 35

-dicoumerol (moldy sweet clover hay) -warfarin (rat poison) -mycotoxins (mold)

Question 36

how many B vitamins are there

Answer 36

9

Question 37

what are the functions of vitiman B1 (thiamine)

Answer 37

-CO2 metabolism -pyruvate decarboxylase -transketolase -ketoglutarate decarboxylase

Question 38

what are the functions of water

Answer 38

-temp regulation -chemical rxn -lube of joints -cushioning of organs -transportation or vit and min -sight and sound

Question 39

what are some symptoms of water deprivation

Answer 39

-reduces feed intake -increased heart rate -increased body temp -increased resporation -tingling and numbness -headach and nausea -death