Swine Flashcards

Question

how are sows and guilts mated

Answer 1

▪ Sows and gilts are mated using either natural service or artificial insemination. ▪ Almost exclusively fresh semen as boar semen does not freeze very well.

Answer 2

▪ Swollen vulva ▪ Nervousness ▪ Mucus discharge ▪ Off-Feed

Answer 3

“114 days” - The period of development in the uterus from conception until birth, pregnancy

Answer 4

Gestation feeding Objective is to have sows “fit not fat” To accomplish this, Sows receive limited feed during gestation

Answer 5

▪ increased embryonic mortality ▪ increased farrowing difficulty (dystocia) ▪ increased incidence of crushed piglets ▪ decreased lactation feed intake (anorexia) ▪ lower milk production (agalactia) ▪ increased susceptibility to heat stress

Answer 6

▪ Failure to recycle after weaning ▪ Lower subsequent conception rates and litter size ▪ Increased susceptibility to bone fractures ▪ Premature culling

Answer 7

req--sows must be fed daily rec-- control feed intake; feed measured amounts, feed sows some bulky or high fibre food to satisfy appetite

Answer 8

in gestation crates

Answer 9

they prevent fighting and allow the sows to be fed and cared for individually

Answer 10

Code of Practice 2014 - “for all holdings newly built or ....after July 1, 2014, mated gilts and sows must be housed in groups. Individual stalls may be used for up to 28 days after breeding” As of July 1, 2024 mated sows and gilts must be housed: In groups, or In individual pens, Or in stalls if provided with exercise ▪ “House gilts and sows in groups and manage feeding, space allowance, and enrichments ...to minimize aggression ▪ Group gilts and sows by size ▪ Distribute the food ▪ Remove sows ...suffering from ...bullying “ (been updated to 2029)

Answer 11

-drop/spin feeding -non gated short stalls -gated feeding stalls

Answer 12

The widespread feed pattern promotes a less aggressive feeding system

Answer 13

Sows are protected by dividers (shoulder barriers), which theoretically reduce aggression and feed spillage.

Answer 14

A sow needs only enter the feeding stall and she is protected from the remaining sows in the group.

Answer 15

▪ Sows are typically moved from the gestation barn to the farrowing barn approximately one week before their expected farrowing date. ▪ This allows the sows to get used to the routine in the farrowing barn and its different environmental conditions. ▪ Farrowing rooms typically contain 6-12 farrowing crates. ▪ The reason for confining the sow in the crate is to prevent crushing of the piglets.

Answer 16

rooms typically have 6-12 farrowing crates.

Answer 17

▪ The reason for confining the sow in the crate is to prevent crushing of the piglets.

Answer 18

warm dry clean

Answer 19

▪ On some commercial farms, over 25% of live born pigs don’t survive until weaning. ▪ This mortality has a major impact on the profitability of raising swine. ▪ With good management, it should be possible to reduce preweaning mortality to less than 10%.

Answer 20

-starvation -crushing -chilling -born weak -additional: genetic defects dieseases savaging

Answer 21

1. Supervised farrowing 2. Ensure intake of colostrum 3. Increase piglet birth weight 4. Increase piglet vigor 5. Increase piglet competitiveness 6. Reduce crushing loss 1. Reduce starvation loss 2. Cross foster 3. Reduce chilling loss 4. Decrease incidence of diseases 5. Decrease savaging 6. Reduce genetic defects

Answer 22

➢Colostrum is the first milk produced by the sow. ➢high in immunoglobulins ➢It is essential that every piglet suckle a teat during the first 24 h of life in order to obtain colostrum

Answer 23

-all piglets must have access to colostrum asap after birth and within 12 hours -piglets at the risk of dying from inadequate nurishment must be cross fostered, split suckled, hand-reared or euth -creep feed must be provided to nursing piglets after 28 days of age to help maintain sow body condition -suplemental iron must be administered to piglets reared indoors to prevent nutritional anemia

Answer 24

▪ Ad libitum feeding ▪ Stimulate milk flow ▪ Maintain health of the sow

Answer 25

-the act of separating the litter from the sow

Answer 26

▪ Increases sow milk yield ▪ Increases energy content of milk ▪ Decreases piglet mortality ▪ Maintains sow body weight ▪ Decreases weaning to service interval ▪ Increases subsequent ovulation rate

Answer 27

moved back to breeding barn and rebred 4-5 days after weaning

Answer 28

moved from farrowing barn to nursery area

Answer 29

▪ Weaner pigs are typically housed in the nursery until they reach about 20 kg (6-8 weeks). ▪ Nursery rooms are typically run “All in-All-out”. ▪ Temperature is set about 28 degrees C. ▪ Usually fed commercially prepared starter rations

Answer 30

▪ Chilling ▪ Heat ▪ Overcrowding ▪ Poor Sanitation

Answer 31

Rapid change in diet ▪ Overfeeding ▪ Underfeeding ▪ Adaptation to feeding system ▪ Adaptation to watering system

Answer 32

mixing with strange pigs

Answer 33

▪ Pigs will be moved from the nursery at about 20 kg body weight. ▪ The growing-finishing barn may be on the same site or located some distance away. 1. Provide a warm welcome (21-24 C) 2. Provide adequate space (4 sq ft/pig) 3. Sort by size 4. May sort by sex 5. Feed and water easily accessible 6. One waterer for every 15-20 pigs

Answer 34

▪ Feed is available ad libitum and the feeders are automatically filled by conveyor system that distributes feed around the barn.

Answer 35

▪ Floor is typically concrete and may be totally or partially slatted to facilitate manure management

Answer 36

Maximize growth rate Maximize feed conversion Minimize death loss Improve carcass quality

Answer 37

▪ Continuous availability and quality important ▪ City or well water - Water lines running into the barn ▪ Automatic nipple waterers - set at proper flow rates. ▪ Bowl-type waterers – calls for regular cleaning

Answer 38

-all medically important antimicrobials have prescription status only available from vet or pharmacy -inorder to use medically important antimicrobials in the care of animals vets need to have valid vet-client-patient-relationship with animal owners to issue prescription

Answer 39

vet prescription is required prior to the sale of medicated feed containing a prescription drug

Answer 40

-use to treat sick animals -sold animals will be indicated if they have been treated

Answer 41

▪ Occurs when microbes (e.g. bacteria) evolve in ways that reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs (e.g. antibiotics) to treat infections a) by killing or slowing microbial growth. ▪ When microbes are exposed to antimicrobials, they adapt and become more resistant. ▪ There are also many social and environmental factors that contribute to rising rates of AMR a) poor hygiene, inadequate infection prevention and control practices, lack of awareness and education about AMR, etc.