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Neo Review > Nutrition/Fluids > Flashcards

Nutrition/Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

3 cases where you can have fictitious hyponatremia

A

hypercholesteremia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

How do you diagnose Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?

A

triene /tetratene ratio 0.4, or 0.2 depending on site

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3
Q

How Much Na in NA Bolus?

A

1.5 meq Na per 10 ml/kg

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4
Q

Major extracellular buffers, acid-base?

A

HCO3, phosphates, proteins,
major

buffer system is CO2 that crosses brain, and stimulates chemoreceptors to increase respiratory drive

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5
Q

Pitiocin can cause what electrolyte derangement in newborn?

A

Hypernatremia

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6
Q

Signs of Vitamin E deficiency?

A

anemia, hemolysis, THROMBOCYTOSIS, neurologic deficits

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7
Q

Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Thiamine) Is associated with what disorders?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, and maple syrup urine disease

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8
Q

what are signs of B12 deficiency?

A

poor weight gain, anemia, methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria

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9
Q

What are some benefits of lactose?

A

Enhances absorption of calcium and magnesium

promotes intestinal growth of lactobacilli

short-chain glucose polymer more easily absorbed than long chain

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10
Q

What are the 6 trace elements?

A

Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Selenium, zinc

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11
Q

What are the major intracellular buffers?

A

bone apatite
Hgb
orghanic phosphates

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12
Q

What are the two essential fatty acids?

A

Lenoleic acid and Alpha linolenic acid

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13
Q

What critical fatty acids are transferred across placenta?

A

Arachionic acid and docosahexaenoic acid

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14
Q

What EKG changes do you see in hyperkalemia?

A

peaked t waves, loss of p waves, wide QRS, st segment depression

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15
Q

what happens to undigested lactose?

A

20% reaches colon

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16
Q

what is another name for triene to tetraene ratio?

A

Mead acid: arachindonic acid

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17
Q

What is average energy expenditure of FETUS per day?

A

35 to 55 kcal/kg/day

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18
Q

What is difference between whey and casein?

A

Whey has greater cysteine and less methionine

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19
Q

What is largest amino acid in human milk?

A

Glutamine

20
Q

What is only electrolyte that is actually higher in mature breast milk compared to colostrum?

A

Calcium

21
Q

What is the predominant carbohydrate in breast milk?

A

Lactose

22
Q

Where are lipids and amino acids absorbed in GI tract?

A

jejunum

23
Q

Where are sodium, chloride and Potassium absorbed?

A

Large intestine

24
Q

Why are newborns predisposed to Vitamin K deficiency?

A

lack of GI microorganisms that synthesize Vitamin K
immature newborn liver
some maternal medications
(some breastfed infants have lower vitamin k, than cow milk formula)

25
Q

Whey to Caesin Ratio of following:
Colostrum
Mature Milk
Casein Formulas
Whey Formulas

A

Colostrum 80:20
Mature milk 55:45
Casein formulas 20:80
Whey formula 80:20

26
Q

Why do amino acid solutions have decreased tyrosine and cysteine?

A

becaue they both have decreased solubility

27
Q

What are disadvantages of MCTs?

A

Not important for tissue building
Increased MCT decreases availablity of long chain FA’s

28
Q

What are signs of essential fatty acid deficiency?

A

dermatitis, thrombocytopenia, failure to thrive

29
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

Lysine, phenylanaline, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, histidine
branched cain:
valine, leucine, isoleucine

30
Q

What are the ketogenic amino acids?

A

leucine and lysine

31
Q

What does Cysteine do in TPN?

A

optimizes the addition of Calcium and Phos by lowering PH, and allowing more Ca and Phos to be added without precipitating.

32
Q

What is energy content of CHO, protein, FAT

A

CHO 1g = 3.4kcal
Protein 1g = 4kcal
FAT 1g = 9kcal

33
Q

What is most important amino acid that assists in metabolism of fat?

A

Carnitine

34
Q

why is high lipid rate limited in first few days of TPN?

A

prevent hyperglycemia

35
Q

All enzymes that use phosphorus as energy source require _______ for activation?

A

Magnesium

36
Q

Why are infants on TPN fasely identified on NBS as having carnitine deficiency?

A

not enough carnitine can be put in TPN
improves after feeds introudced

37
Q

What will happen if you introduce cow’s milk early?

A

iron deficiency anemia, bleeding
also lack essential fatty acids and
LCPUFas

38
Q

What percent of infant diet should be
fat, CHO and protein?

A
39
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A
40
Q

What is the most important man amino acid that aids in metabolism of fat?

A

Carnitine

41
Q

When do preterm infant deplete their iron stores
compared to term infants?

A

Preterm infants deplete iron stores at 2-3 months
Term 4-6 months

42
Q

Water soluble vitamins require what kind of transport across placenta?

A

active transport

43
Q

Fe content in human milk is less than Fe content in formula, but is preferred, why?

A

Fe in human milk is better absorbed

44
Q

What happens with vitamin Deficiency in
A, B1, B2, B6, Biotin, C, and D

A
45
Q

Which components of intralipid is associated with liver cholestasis

A

phytosterols in soy based formula of PN

Neo Review (18 decks)

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