Potpurri

Question 1

How does Fibroblast growth factor (FGFR3) work?

Answer 1

causes inhibition of condrocyte proliferation
destroys normal process of bone formation over a cartilage based ossifcatin center leading to a decrease in longitiudinal bone growth

Question 2

Symmetric IUGR causes
Asymmetric IUGR casues

Answer 2

Symmetric : Intrauterine infection and chromosomal abnormalities

Asymmetric: Preeclampsia

Question 3

Maternal transfer of estrogen through the placenta can lead to ?

Answer 3

cervical ectropion, and bilateral galactorrhea

Question 4

Which of the following fingers are most likely to be joined by syndactyly in this condition?

Answer 4

index and middle finger

Question 5

How can cause hyperglycemia cause birth defects?

Answer 5

increase oxidative stress and DNA damage
high glucose can lead to inhibition of PAX2 gene, which increases neural tube defects

Question 6

What causes head tilted to ipsilateral side, chin to opposite side

Answer 6

head tilted to ipsilateral side, chin to opposite side
(due to unilateral contractures of sternocleidomastoid)

Question 7

What is MYCN?

Answer 7

a proto-oncogene can be seen in Neuroblastoma, increased activity means worse prognosis

Question 8

what is clubfoot deformity?

Answer 8

Clubfoot deformity includes cavus of the midfoot, adduction of the forefoot, varus of the hindfoot, and equinus

Question 9

What do dark lung fields suggest on CXR

Answer 9

poor pulmonary blood flow

Question 10

What is most common malignancy of infancy

Answer 10

neuroblastoma
(monitor with ultrasound, may regress)
and surgical resection if grows

Question 11

Umbilical arterial blood gas values that are always true of umbilical artery compared to umbilical vein

Answer 11

umbilical artery has lower ph, higher PCO2, lower PO2
UA will always be worse than UV
uteroplacental insufficiency, both values bad

Question 12

Microdeletion or uniparental disomy most common cause of Prader wili?

Answer 12

Microdeletion, about 70% of cases

Question 13

What is SMART objective in learning

Answer 13

Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and targeted to learner

Question 14

pyramid of educational outcome measures

Answer 14

knows (knowledge), competence (knows how), performance (shows how) action (does)

Question 15

Galacitol

Answer 15

the unusual accumlation that causes symptoms of galactomsemia
(galactose 1 phosphate accumulation, leads to too much Galacitol)
leading to eye findings (cataracts)

Question 16

Line of demarcation ROP

Answer 16

represents stage I ROP, first stage

Question 17

Data Type Nominal

Answer 17

Order and magnitude of number not important
gender, race

Question 18

Data Type Ordinal

Answer 18

Order is important, not magnitude
grading of severity, IVH, ROP

Question 19

Data Type Ranked

Answer 19

order my magnitude, then assigned number rank
(leading causes of death)

Question 20

Data Type Discrete

Answer 20

Integer or Counts
number of kids, deaths, accidents

Question 21

Data Type Continuous

Answer 21

Measurable quantities, fractional values possible

Question 22

Answer 22

mode, median, mode

Question 23

What is Power In Statstics

Answer 23

1- Type II error rate

Question 24

What are advantages of case control study

Answer 24

you can study rare outcomes

Question 25

What portion of umbilical artery remains patent after birth? What does it supply?

Answer 25

Becomes superior vesical artery, supplies the bladder

Question 26

When do you treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction with topical abx?

Answer 26

fever, irrritiablity, mild edeam and erythema and distention of lacrimal sac below the medial canthal tendon.

Question 27

Name several factors that could present at birth of growth restricted infants

Answer 27

RDS, MAS, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, sepsis, thermoregulation, sepsis, non-physiologic hyperbili, hypocalcemia

Question 28

how long before baby exposed to alcohol begins to withdraw?

Answer 28

3- 12 hours

Question 29

How do diabetes and hypothyroidism affect bilirubin clearance?

Answer 29

causes decreased bilirubin clearance

Question 30

Donor breast milk what happens to triglycerides and free fatty acids

Answer 30

Triglycerides decreased, but free fatty acids increased

Question 31

What can inhibit fetal lung production?

Answer 31

Epinephrine and beta adrenergic agonists

Question 32

What happens before birth with ENAC channels?

Answer 32

respiratory epithelium changes from chloride secreting membrane to a sodium absorbing membrane.

Question 33

High glucose levels do what to PAX 3 gene?

Answer 33

inhibits PAX 3, which can lead to neural tube defects

Question 34

Lamellar bodies and Tubalr myelin like catipellar and butterfly.
How?

Answer 34

Lamellar bodies are released into air spaces by endocytosis, and then unravel in airspace, tubular myelin then formed under influence of calcium in SPA -SPAB