obesity Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
dyslipidemia
A
abnormal amount of lipids in the blood
2
Q
dyslipidemia is defined by the presence of
A
elevated levels of total cholesterol or LDL-C, elevated TG, low HDL
3
Q
___% of people in the US have dyslipidemia
A
30
4
Q
most contributing factor to dyslipidemia
A
poor dietary and lifestyle choices
5
Q
very high levels of cholesterol often cluster within
A
families
6
Q
foundation for the treatment of dyslipidemia
A
lifestyle changes
7
Q
aerobic training consistently reduces ____ levels by ____, but does not have an affect on _____ or ____
A
LDL-C, 3-6mg/dL, HDL-C, TG
8
Q
resistance training appears to reduce ___ and ___ concentrations by ____
A
6-0 mg/dL
9
Q
______ appear to have important beneficial effects on improving dyslipidemia and should be encouraged
A
dietary improvement, weight loss
10
Q
non-HDL-C: desirable level
A
<130
11
Q
non-HDL-C: abode desirable
A
130-159
12
Q
non-HDL-C: borderline high
A
160-189
13
Q
non-HDL-C: high
A
190-219
14
Q
non-HDL-C: very high
A
> 220
15
Q
LDL-C: desirable
A
<100
16
Q
LDL-C: above desirable
A
100-129
17
Q
LDL-C: borderline high
A
130-159
18
Q
LDL-C: high
A
160-189
19
Q
LDL-C: very high
A
> 190
20
Q
HDL-C: low men and women
A
<40
<50
21
Q
triglyceride: normal
A
<150
22
Q
triglyceride: borderline high
A
150-199
23
Q
triglyceride: high
A
200-499
24
Q
triglyceride: very high
A
> 500
25
statin drugs, also known as ________, are very effective for the treatment of dyslipidemia
HMG-CoA reductase inhibtors
26
the four most important groups of people who benefit from statins are
established CVD
LDL-C levels >190
with diabetes who are >40 y/o
estimated 10-yr risk for CVD of >7.5%
27
dyslipidemia: exercise test is not required for
asymptomatic individuals
28
use caution when testing individuals with dyslipidemia because
undeterred underlying CVD may be present
29
dyslipidemia special consideration should be given to the presence of
other chronic diseases and health conditions that may require modifications to standard exercise testing protocols and modalities
30
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic frequency
>5 days
31
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance frequency
2-3days
32
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility frequency
>2-3 days
33
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic intensity
40-75% O2R or HRR
34
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance intensity
50-69% 1RM to 70-85% 1RM
35
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility intensity
point of tightness or slight discomfort
36
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic time
30-60 min/day
50-60min/day or more
37
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance time
2-4 sets, 8-12 reps for strength
<2 sets, 12-20 reps for muscular endurance
38
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility time
hold for 10-30sec, 2-4 reps
39
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic type
prolonged rhythmic using large muscle groups
walking, cycling, swimming
40
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance type
machines, free weights and/or body weight
41
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility type
static, dynamic, PNF stretch
42
adults older than age 65 yr and with dyslipidemia should follow
ACSM exercise guidelines for older adults
43
individuals taking statins or fabric acid may experience
muscle weakness and soreness termed myalgia
44
overweight is defined by BMI
25-29.9
45
obesity is defined by BMBI
30+
46
___% of US adults are classified as either overweight or obese, with ___% obese and ___% extremely obese
70, 40, 7
47
____% of children and adolescents are overweight and obese
32
48
overweight and obesity are linked to numerous chronic diseases including
CVD, DM, cancer, musculoskeletal problems
49
sustained weight loss of 3-5% is likely to result in clinically meaningful reductions in
triglycerides, blood glucose, and HbA1C levels, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
50
weight regain averages ____% of initial weight loss within 1 year of terminating weight loss treatment
30-50c
51
combining reductions in EI with increases in EE typically result in
an initial 5-10% reduction in body weight
52
___appears to have a modest impact on weight loss observed across the initial weight loos intervention compared with reductions in ___
PA, EI
53
the combination of moderate reductions in ___ with adequate levels of ___ maximizes weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity
EI, PA
54
the ACSM's position stand on PA and weight loss indicates this dose-response relationship:
___of PA promotes minimal weight loss
____ of PA results in modest weight loss of 2-3 kg
____ of PA results in a 5-7.5 kg weight loss
<150 min/wk
>150 min/wk
>225-420 min/wk
55
PA appears to be necessary for most individuals to prevent ____
weight regain
56
literature that suggests it may take more than ____ or ____ of PA on most days of the week
150 min/week
30 min/day
57
some evidence supports ____min/week of PA during weight maintenance to reduce weight regain after weight loss
200-300
58
overweight and obesity exercise testing: the timing of ____ should be considered
medications, beta-blockers, antidiabetic medications
59
overweight and obesity exercise testing: low exercise capacity may necessitate a
low initial workload and small increments per testing
60
overweight and obesity FITT:
aerobic
F: >5d/week
I: initial 40-59% HRR, progress to >60%
T: 30 min/day, increase to 60 min/day
prolonged, rhythmic activities using T: large muscle groups
61
overweight and obesity FITT:
resistance
F: 2-3day/week
I: 60-70% 1RM
T: 2-4 sets, 8-12 reps
T: machines, free weight
62
overweight and obesity FITT:
flexibility
F: >2-3 days/week
I: tightness, slight discomfort
T: hold 10-30s, 2-4 rep
T: static, dynamic, PNF
63
the duration of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA should initially progress to at least
30 min/day
64
to promote long-term weight loss maintenance, individuals should progress to at lease _____ of moderate-to-vigorous exercise
at least 250 min/week
65
to achieve the weekly maintenance activity goal of >250 min/week, exercise and PA should be preformed
5-7 days/week
66
PA may be accumulated in multiple daily bouts of
10 mins in duration or through increase in other forms of moderate intensity lifestyle PA
67
____ training alone does not result in clinically significant weight loss
resistance
68
the addition of resistance exercise to energy restriction does not appear to prevent the loss of
fat-free mass or the observed reduction in resting EE
69
resistance exercise may enhance
muscular strength and physical function
70
there may be additional health benefits of participating in resistance exercise such as
improvements in CVD and DM risk factors and other chronic disease risk factors
71
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
target minimal reduction in body weight of at least ____% of initial body weight over ___ months
3-10%
3-6 months
72
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
a reduction of ____ kcal/day is adequate to elicit a weight loss of 1-2lb/week
500-1000
73
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
weight loss beyond 5-10% may require more _______. for those who do not respond to any degree of lifestyle intervention, _____ may be appropriate
aggressive nutrition, exercise and behavioral intervention
medical treatment, medicine
74
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
medically indicated very low-calorie diets (____kcal/day) can result in greater initial weight loss amounts
<1500
75
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
<1500 kcal/day incorporate opportunities to enhance communication between
health care professionals, RDN, exercise professionals, individuals with overweight and obesity following the initial weight loss period
75
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
<1500 kcal/day are ___ managed and only used for
medically selected individuals, short periods of time
76
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
target ______ behaviors because sustained changes in both behaviors result in significant long-term weight loss and maintenance
changing eating, exercise
77
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
assist individuals with achieving evidence-based recommendations for _____ exercising during both weight loss and weight loss maintenance phases
aerobic
78
bariatric surgery
weight loss surgery, BMI >40 or with comorbid risk factors BMI >35
79
bariatric surgery: exercise will likely facilitate the achievement and maintenance of _______ post surgery, and there is evidence of improved _____ and ___ following surgery
energy balance
insulin sensitivity, CRF
80
preliminary data from large trial reported that the majority of those undergoing bariatric surgery increased their
PA levels post surgery
81
bariatric surgery: once cleared for exercise, follow FIIT for
overweight and obese individuals
82
those with a history of orthopedic injuries should be assessed to reduce risk of
aggravation of weight-bearing exercise
83
for those whom excessive body weight may limit the ability to engage in weight bearing exercise or continuous exercise
intermittent exercise and non-weight-bearing alternative should be considered
84
bariatric surgery: _________ may be slowly introduced to make up a greater portion of the exercise program
continuous exercise, weight-bearing exercise such as walking
