older adults Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
largest percent of clinical population
A
baby boomer generation
2
Q
aging leads to a decline in ___ and an associated loss of
A
strength
independence
3
Q
late adulthood age
A
55-65
4
Q
young-old age
A
65-74
5
Q
mid-old age
A
75-84
6
Q
old-old age
A
85+
7
Q
physiological change with aging:
resting HR
A
unchanged
8
Q
physiological change with aging:
max HR
A
lower
9
Q
physiological change with aging:
Max cardiac output
A
lower
10
Q
physiological change with aging:
resting and exercise BP
A
higher
11
Q
physiological change with aging:
absolute and relative max oxygen uptake reserve
A
lower
12
Q
physiological change with aging:
residual volume
A
higher
13
Q
physiological change with aging:
vital capacity
A
lower
14
Q
physiological change with aging: reaction time
A
slower
15
Q
physiological change with aging: muscular strength
A
lower
16
Q
physiological change with aging: flexibility
A
lower
17
Q
physiological change with aging:
bone mass
A
lower
18
Q
physiological change with aging:
fat free body mass
A
lower
19
Q
physiological change with aging: % body fat
A
higher
20
Q
physiological change with aging:
glucose intolerance
A
lower
21
Q
physiological change with aging:
recovery time
A
longer
22
Q
a slower rate of decline in mobility was reported to be associated with
A
a greater rate of physical activity
23
Q
(late adulthood) each additional hour of physical activity was associated with
A
3% decrease in the rate of mobility decline
24
Q
____ and ____ predict decline in mobility in older adults
A
physical activity
leg strength
25
first sign of decline in mobility
need UE support to sit/stand
26
aging adults: muscle fiber size, type I and type II fiber quantity, and the number of alpha motoneurons all _____
decrease
27
aging adults: _____ of type II muscle fibers occurs
preferential atrophy
28
aging adults: muscle contraction speed and peak power production ____
decrease
29
with resistance training program significant improvements in _______ is possible during late adulthood
muscle strength, power, endurance
30
over the age of 40, muscle mass loss/year is
.5%
31
over the age of 50 muscle mass loss/year is
1-2%
32
over the age of 60 muscle mass loss/year is
3%
33
the loss of muscle mass and strength occurs as a result of many factors including
reduction in size and number of muscle fibers, selective reduction in type 2 fibers, decrease in neural activation, increase in antagonistic co activation
34
muscle disuse results in atrophy and loss of muscle strength at the rate of approx _____% a week or ____% per day from bed rest
12, 1-1.5
35
loss of strength in the ___ occurs twice as fast as the ___
legs, arms
36
as much as ___% strength loss can occur with 3 weeks of bed rest while the recovery is ___% per week
50, 10
37
hypokinesis
loss of functional mobility
sedentary behavior
38
primary aging
universal, mandatory
39
effects of aging on body systems
cellular and organ changes
neuromuscular and musculoskeletal changes
sensory changes
40
secondary aging
co morbidities
non active lifestyle
poor health/lifestyle decisions
mental health
41
do most older adults require an exercise test prior to initiating a program
no
42
the increased prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic, and orthopedic problems among older adults increases the overall likelihood of
early test termination
43
______ testing has largely replaced exercise stress testing for the assessment of functional status of older
physical performance
44
common disorders in older adults
osteoarthritis
sarcopenia
osteoporosis
45
OA
chronic degenerative disorder primarily affecting the articular cartilage of synovial joints
46
osteoarthritis clinical symptoms
pain which mechanical stress or excessive activity
pain at rest in the advanced stages
stiffness after inactivity
limitation of motion
muscle weakness
decreased proprioception, balance
functional limitations in ADLs, IADLs
47
osteoarthritis considerations for interventions
avoid viragos, repetitive movements on unstable joints
48
osteoarthritis ACSM exercise guidelines
low-load/low joint stress exercise
cardio/endurance, strength, flexibility, balance
49
osteoarthritis exercise frequency
aerobic 3-5x/wk
strength 2-3x/wk
flexibility and balance: daily
50
osteoarthritis exercise intensity
moderate or based on pain
51
sarcopenia can lead to
impaired ability to perform ADL
mobility disorder
quality of life
malnutrition
increased fall risk
mortality
52
sarcopenia considerations for interventions
risk of fatigue fracture
loss of balance and falls
nutrition
53
sarcopenia importance of exercise in managing sarcopenia
resistance training
54
older adults FITT: aerobic
F: >5d/wk, moderate or >3d/wk vigorous
I: 5-6 moderate, 7-8 vigorous
T: 30-60 min moderate, 20-30 vigorous
T: any
55
older adults FITT: resistance
F: >2d/wk
I: progressive 40-50%, 60-80%,
power light to moderate
T: 8-10 exercises, >1 set 10-15 rep
T: any weight, power
56
older adults FITT: flexibility
F: >2d/wk
I: tightness, slight discomfort
T: 30-60s
T: any PA that increases flexibility
57
_____ is effective in reducing and preventing falls if performed 2-3 days per week
neuromotor exercise training
58
neuromotor exercise training combines
balance, agility, proprioceptive training
59
fall prevention recommendations
progressively difficult postures that gradually reduce the base of support
dynamic movements that perturb the COG
60
osteoporosis
skeletal disease that is characterized by low bone mineral density and changes in the microarchitecture of bone that increases susceptibility to fracture
61
osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men >50 yo is defined as
BMD T-score of the lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck of <-2.5
62
___ can delay the onset of osteoporosis
exercise
63
osteoporosis exercise testing: ____ may be indicated in individuals with severe osteoporosis for whom walking is painful or risky
cycle leg ergometry
64
maximal muscle strength may be ____ in individuals with severe osteoporosis
contraindicated
65
___ testing or ____ assessment should be considered in individuals with osteoporosis or low bone density
balance, fall risk
66
FITT for osteoporosis: aerobic
F: 4-5 dat
I: moderate
T: 20 min, gradually progress 45-60
T: walking, cycling, etc, impact loading
67
FITT for osteoporosis: resistance
F: 1-2 non consecutive, 2-3
I: last 2 rep difficult
T: 1 set 8-12 rep, 2 weeks later 2 sets, 8-10 exercises
T: standard equipment
68
FITT for osteoporosis: flexibility
F: 5-7 day
I: tightness, slight discomfort
T: hold 10-30s, 2-4 rep
T: static stretching major joints
69
considerations prior to implementation of exercise of aging adults
medications
PAR-Q+
vital signs
FRAX and balance
objective measures to assess strength, power, fall risk, functional mobility
70
clinical recommendations for older population
resistance training
balance
71
age related psychological and cognitive factors
most patients have no exercise experience
attention
motivation and feedback
high depression rate among older adults
72
guard if patient presents with
fall risk
unstable gait
frail
73
aging is ____ growing old is ___
mandatory
optional
74
do not ____ older population
underload
75
evidence demonstrates that _____ and ____ activities are most effective in attenuate aging
resistance training
balance
76
an appropriate mechanism to gauge intensity of exercise for older adults as moderate is
a. 60-80% HRR
b. HRR of 120-130 bpm
c. 5-6 on an RPE scale of 0-10
d. 8-9 on an RPE scale of 0-10
c
77
fall prevention activities for the older adult should include all except
a. isolated core training
b. progressively difficult postures and minimize base of support
c. reduced sensory input
d. dynamic movements out of their cone of stability
a
78
neuromuscular exercise combines
a. strength, balance, static stretching
b. strength, balance, dynamic stretching
c. strength, balance, agility
d. balance, agility, proprioceptive training
d
79
older adults may particularly benefit from _____ training because this element of muscle fitness declines most rapidly with aging
a. power
b. strength
c. muscular endurance
d. flexibility
a
80
true or false: older adults should avoid vigorous intensity resistance training
false
81
which statement regarding older adults is true
a. All adults >75 yr should undergo an exercise test prior to initiating an exercise program.
b. During a maximal exercise test, most older adults have a maximal heart rate that is 15–20 beats · min−1 lower than age-predicted maximal heart rate.
c. There is little evidence suggesting that adults >75 yr have increased mortality or cardiovascular event risk during exercise.
d. Handrail support increases the accuracy of estimating peak MET capacity in adults >85 yr.
c
82
an exercise prescription for individuals with arthritis should include all of the following functional exercises, except
a. sit to stand
b. step ups
c. abdominal crunches
d. stair climbing
c
83
physical activity may reduce the risk for osteoporotic fracture by all of the following except
a. enhancing peak bone mass achieved during growth and development
b. slowing the rate of bone loss with aging
c. reducing the risk of falls via benefits of muscle strength and balance
d. reduced bone regeneration due to exercise
d
84
which is most true about osteoporosis
a. The overall prevalence rate is expected to plateau.
b. It is primarily characterized by high bone mineral density.
c. It is far more prevalent in men compared to women.
d. Exercise is considered a primary nonpharmacological treatment for preventing osteoporosis.
d
85
which of the following interventions that are supported by evidence based practice is recommended for patients who experiences sarcopenia
A. Using protein supplements in order to minimize the loss of muscle mass and protein synthesis
B. Light Resistance exercise to partially reversed or progression of the loss slowed.
C. Cardiovascular training for 20-30 min 5 days a week
D. All of the Above
a
