Obesity Flashcards
(23 cards)
associated co-morbidites of obesity
T2DM, CVD, cancers, joint diseases, premature ageing
prevalence of obesity
increasing in all age groups and worldwide
increasing in developing countries due to lack of interventions and PH policies
obesity
condition which body fat stores are enlarged to an extent which impairs health
lifestyle dependent
underweight BMI
<18.5 kg/m2
normal BMI
18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2
overweight BMI
25 - 29.9 kg/m2
obese BMI
> 30 kg/m2
distribution of fat
influences risk of co-morbidities
increase intra-abdominal fat linked to increase risk of CVD and T2DM
waist circumference
> 102cm for men and >88cm for women have increased risk of metabolic complications and disease
clinical obesity
chronic, systemic illness characterised by alterations in function of tissues, organs, entire individual and combination due to excess adiposity
pre-clinical obesity
state of excess adiposity with preserved function of other tissues and organs
generally increased risk of developing clinical obesity and other non-communicable diseases
aetiology of obesity
causes of obesity
energy intake vs energy expenditure
genetic predisposition
increase visceral adiposity, BMI and WC
low PA
poor diet
increase risk if social network is also obese
aims of obesity treatment
- decrease body fat and therefore decrease risk of co-morbidities
- improve quality of life, social functioning and mental health
- maintain long term weight reduction
decrease energy intake
important pre-surgery and can achieve around 10% weight loss but studies show that weight regained after 1 year
SLT2 inhibitor obesity drug
inhibits glucose transport in enterocytes, which reduces glucose uptake and absorption
lipase inhibitor obesity drug
decreases uptake and absorption of fat
exenatide liraglutide
GLP-1
e.g. ozempic - reduces appetite and cravings resulting in weight loss
types of bariatric surgery
restrictive or malabsorption
jejunoileal bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, vertical banded gastroplasty, roux-en-Y gastric bypass (gold standard)
roux-en-Y gastric bypass
most common type of bariatric surgery, mixed between malabsorptive and restrictive classification
criteria for bariatric surgery
adiposity, impact on life, BMI
3 pillars in obesity management
Canadian guidelines
1. psychological management
2. pharmacological treatment
3. bariatric surgery
medical nutrition therapy for obesity
caloric restriction, macronutrient approaches, mediterranean diet, DASH, low GI, meal replacement, intermittent fasting, physical activity, non-diet approach
non-diet approach
effective improving physical, psychological and behavioural outcomes
weight neutral, involves self compassion and good if eating behaviours is a concern
