OBGYN_Physiology of Pregnancy

Question 1

The risk of thrombosis is increased in pregnancy because the coagulation time is elongated.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 1

C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;

Question 2

In healthy pregnancies, elevated white blood cell counts are often observed because the lifetime of white blood cells increase in pregnancy.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 2

C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;

Question 3

Maternal blood pressure increases in the first half of pregnancy because the cardiac output is increased by nearly 20% at the end of the first trimester related to the pre-pregnancy value.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 3

D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true

Question 4

The metabolism increases in pregnancy because the thyroid function is increased and also the oxygen demand of the maternal and fetal tissues is elevated.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 4

A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;

Question 5

Pyelectasia of the right kidney is common in pregnancy because the uterus leans to the right and compresses the ureter.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 5

A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;

Question 6

CTG alteration in vena cava inferior syndrome:
A) persistent tachycardia
B) acceleration
C) the fetal heart rate is unchanged
D) the fetal heart rate decelerates
E) reduced oscillation

Answer 6

D) the fetal heart rate decelerates

Question 7

Protein content of urine collected in 24 hours in normal pregnancy:
A) is abnormal only if it exceeds 500 mg / l
B) is acceptable only if less than 300 mg / l
C) not abnormal up to 1000 mg / l
D) is acceptable only under 150 mg / l

Answer 7

B) is acceptable only if less than 300 mg / l

Question 8

Characteristic for vena cava inferior syndrome:
1) decrease in maternal blood pressure
2) acceleration of fetal heart rate
3) faintness of the pregnant woman
4) occurs when the pregnant lays on the back
5) increased maternal blood pressure
A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st, 3rd and 4th answers are correct
C) 2nd, 3rd and 4th answers are correct
D) 2nd, 4th and 5th answers are correct
E) 3rd, 4th and 5th answers are correct

Answer 8

B) 1st, 3rd and 4th answers are correct

1) decrease in maternal blood pressure
3) faintness of the pregnant woman
4) occurs when the pregnant lays on the back

Question 9

Select the direction in which physiological parameters change during pregnancy:

risk of thrombosis

A) increases
B) decreases
C) unchanged
D) increases in the first half of pregnancy
E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Answer 9

A) increases

Question 10

Select the direction in which physiological parameters change during pregnancy:

GFR

A) increases
B) decreases
C) unchanged
D) increases in the first half of pregnancy
E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Answer 10

A) increases

Question 11

Required daily calcium intake in pregnancy:
A) 800 mg
B) 500-1000 mg
C) 1200 mg
D) 2000 mg
E) 3 g

Answer 11

C) 1200 mg

Question 12

Vena cava inferior syndrome features:
A) headache
B) maternal blood pressure decreases
C) phosphene
D) vena cava inferior thrombosis and increased maternal blood pressure

Answer 12

B) maternal blood pressure decreases

Question 13

The metabolism increases in pregnancy because reduced insulin resistance characterizes pregnancy.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 13

C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;

Question 14

Choose the direction in which each laboratory parameter changes in normal pregnancy:

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A) increases
B) decreases
C) unchanged

Answer 14

A) increases

Question 15

Choose the direction in which each laboratory parameter changes in normal pregnancy:

serum iron levels

A) increases
B) decreases
C) unchanged

Answer 15

C) unchanged

Question 16

The following hemodynamic changes are characteristic in pregnancy, except:
A) increase in cardiac output
B) decrease in blood pressure in the first half of pregnancy
C) increase in heart rate
D) increase in venous pressure in the lower limbs
E) increase in central venous pressure

Answer 16

E) increase in central venous pressure

Question 17

During pregnancy, the following characteristic physiological changes occur in the kidneys and the urinary tract:
1) the ureter tone decreases
2) the peristalsis of the ureter increases
3) pyelectasia
4) the GFR increases
5) the kidney’s ability to dilute the urine is significantly reduced
A) 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th answers are correct
B) all of the answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) 1st, 3rd and 4th answers are correct
E) 2nd, 4th and 5th answers are correct

Answer 17

D) 1st, 3rd and 4th answers are correct

1) the ureter tone decreases
3) pyelectasia
4) the GFR increases

Question 18

Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy:
1) increased heart rate
2) increased systolic volume
3) increase in blood pressure in the second half of pregnancy
4) increased cardiac output
5) increased venous pressure in the lower limbs
A) 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th answers are correct
B) all of the answers are correct
C) 2nd, 3rd and 4th answers are correct
D) 3rd, 4th and 5th answers are correct
E) 4th and 5th answers are correct

Answer 18

B) all of the answers are correct

1) increased heart rate
2) increased systolic volume
3) increase in blood pressure in the second half of pregnancy
4) increased cardiac output
5) increased venous pressure in the lower limbs

Question 19

Which skin condition is characteristic for pregnancy?
A) depigmentation
B) erythema nodosum
C) lichenificatio
D) increased pigmentation

Answer 19

D) increased pigmentation

Question 20

Physiological changes in pregnancy, except:
A) the pH and composition of the saliva changes
B) stomach and intestinal motility increase
C) pyelectasia, especially on the right side
D) serum levels of T3, T4 increase but TSH level is unchanged
E) the ligaments are loosened

Answer 20

B) stomach and intestinal motility increase

Question 21

Select the direction in which physiological parameters change during pregnancy:

insulin resistance

A) increases
B) decreases
C) unchanged
D) increases in the first half of pregnancy
E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Answer 21

A) increases

Question 22

Daily iron requirements in pregnancy (based on RDA recommendations):
A) 30 mg
B) 100 mg
C) 5-10 mg
D) 300 mg
E) 500 mg

Answer 22

A) 30 mg

Question 23

The carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy is characterized by:
A) higher fasting blood sugar levels
B) increased insulin resistance
C) lower fasting blood glucose levels
D) reduced insulin resistance
E) increased glucose absorption

Answer 23

B) increased insulin resistance

Question 24

The occurrence of glycosuria is always abnormal in pregnancy because the higher amount of glucose eliminated due to the increased GFR cannot be reabsorbed in the tubules.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 24

D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true

Question 25

Choose the direction in which each laboratory parameter changes in normal pregnancy: clotting time A) increases B) decreases C) unchanged

Answer 25

C) unchanged

Question 26

The following changes are characteristic in pregnancy, except: A) acromegaloid symptoms B) hyperpigmentation C) increased lumbar lordosis D) general vessel dilation E) decrease in cardiac output

Answer 26

E) decrease in cardiac output

Question 27

The circadian rhythm of blood pressure often changes in pregnancy because when the pregnant woman lays back the uterus compresses the vena cava inferior and prevent the flow in the pelvic veins. A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them; B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them; C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false; D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 27

D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true

Question 28

Many pregnant women complain of heartburn because in pregnancy gastric tone reduction leads to gastric acid regurgitation in the lower esophagus and causes chemical oesophagitis. A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them; B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them; C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false; D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true E) both the statement and the explanation are false

Answer 28

A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;

Question 29

Select the direction in which physiological parameters change during pregnancy: systolic blood pressure A) increases B) decreases C) unchanged D) increases in the first half of pregnancy E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Answer 29

E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Question 30

Choose the direction in which each laboratory parameter changes in normal pregnancy: white blood cell count A) increases B) decreases C) unchanged

Answer 30

A) increases

Question 31

Select the direction in which physiological parameters change during pregnancy: heart rate A) increases B) decreases C) unchanged D) increases in the first half of pregnancy E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Answer 31

A) increases

Question 32

Causes of physiological glucosuria in pregnancy: 1) increased mobilization of carbonhydrate storages 2) increased GFR 3) reduced insulin resistance 4) filtered glucose can not be reabsorbed in tubules 5) glucose excretion increases in tubules A) 1st, 2 and 3rd answers are correct B) 1st, 3rd and 4th answers are correct C) 1st, 4th and 5th answers are correct D) 1st, 3rd and 5th answers are correct E) 2nd and 4th answers are correct F) 2nd, 3rd and 4th answers are correct

Answer 32

E) 2nd and 4th answers are correct 2) increased GFR 4) filtered glucose can not be reabsorbed in tubules

Question 33

Select the direction in which physiological parameters change during pregnancy: diastolic blood pressure A) increases B) decreases C) unchanged D) increases in the first half of pregnancy E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Answer 33

E) decreases in the first half and increases in the second half of pregnancy

Question 34

Choose the direction in which each laboratory parameter changes in normal pregnancy: hemoglobin level A) increases B) decreases C) unchanged

Answer 34

B) decreases