Dermatology Flashcards by EJ Byrne

Which therapeutic option(s) is (are) appropriate for the treatment of alopecia areata?
A) Topical glucocorticoid treatment
B) PUVA (psoralen + UVA)
C) Provocation of a local contact dermatitis
D) systemic JAK inhibitor treatment in moderate to severe cases
E) All of the above

E) All of the above

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Which therapeutic option is appropriate for the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis?
A) marigold ointment
B) salicylic acid
C) 5-fluorouracyl
D) topical glucocorticoids
E) none of the above

D) topical glucocorticoids

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Which diagnosis cannot be the underlying cause of a secondary Raynaud syndrome?
A) SLE
B) systemic scleroderma
C) cervical rib
D) cryoglobulinaemia
E) atopic dermatitis

E) atopic dermatitis

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Which examination is not suitable for making diagnosis of a cutaneous vasculitis?
A) dermatohistopathological examination of lesional skin
B) direct immunofluorescent microscopy of lesional skin
C) hepatitis C serology
D) measurement of serum levels of cryoglobulin and cryofibrinogen
E) angiography

E) angiography

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Which feature is not characteristic for dysplastic nevi?
A) Their diameter is > 5 mm
B) They often have more than one colors (e.g., red, blue, light and dark brown, black)
C) They are almost always asymmetric
D) Their edges are usually irregular, gyrated
E) They are always inborn skin lesions

E) They are always inborn skin lesions

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Nevi … do not have to be removed surgically.
A) growing fast
B) which do not change over many years
C) changing their color (such as darkening)
D) which ulcerate or bleed
E) which often itch

B) which do not change over many years

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All following disorders are manifestations of cutaneous tuberculosis, except:
A) Lupus vulgaris
B) Lupus erythematosus
C) Erythema induratum Bazin
D) Scrofuloderma
E) Lichen scrofulosorum

B) Lupus erythematosus

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Verruca vulgaris occurs commonly in the following conditions, except:
A) pes valgus
B) immunodeficiency
C) psoriasis
D) HIV positivity
E) hyperhidrosis

C) psoriasis

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The following clinical features are characteristic for herpes zoster, except:
A) grouped vesicles
B) usually mild symptoms
C) linear arrangement of vesicle groups
D) contagious through direct lesional skin contact
E) severe complications are rare but possible

B) usually mild symptoms

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The following clinical features are characteristic for porphyria cutanea tarda, except:
A) blisters in sun-exposed skin areas
B) hyperpigmentation
C) hypertrichosis
D) elevated serum liver transaminases
E) green discoloration of urine

E) green discoloration of urine

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The following diseases frequently associate with diabetes mellitus, except:
A) necrobiosis lipoidica
B) candida infection
C) granuloma anulare
D) erythema multiforme
E) cutaneous microangiopathy

D) erythema multiforme

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Which factors influence the increasing prevalence of onychomycosis?
1) ageing of population
2) increased number of immunosuppressed patients
3) frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotic
4) changed lifestyle (occlusive shoes, sport and leisure activities)

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

1) ageing of population
2) increased number of immunosuppressed patients
3) frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotic
4) changed lifestyle (occlusive shoes, sport and leisure activities)

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In which disease is tick bite typical for the patients’ history?
1) Lymphadenosis cutis benigna
2) Erythema chronicum migrans
3) Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
4) Lyme disease

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

1) Lymphadenosis cutis benigna
2) Erythema chronicum migrans
3) Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
4) Lyme disease

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Which therapeutic option(s) is (are) appropriate for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas?
1) PUVA
2) Bone marrow transplantation
3) α-interferon
4) X-ray irradiation

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

1) PUVA
2) Bone marrow transplantation
3) α-interferon
4) X-ray irradiation

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Which substances do have a keratolytic effect in adequate concentrations?
1) Salicylic acid
2) Urea
3) Lactic acid
4) Boric acid

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct

1) Salicylic acid
2) Urea
3) Lactic acid

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Which signs or symptoms are characteristic for arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities?
1) Intermittent claudication
2) Pain at rest
3) Gangrene
4) Reduced pain upon lifting the leg

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct

1) Intermittent claudication
2) Pain at rest
3) Gangrene

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Which signs or symptoms are characteristic for a postthrombotic leg ulcer?
1) White atrophy
2) A varicose vein draining the region of the ulcer
3) Localization just above the ankle on the inside of the leg
4) Intermittent claudication

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct

1) White atrophy
2) A varicose vein draining the region of the ulcer
3) Localization just above the ankle on the inside of the leg

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Which therapeutic option(s) is (are) appropriate for the treatment of a postthrombotic leg ulcer?
1) Systemic antibiotics
2) Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis
3) Systemic vasodilation by calcium channel blockers
4) Compression stockings

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct

2) Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis
4) Compression stockings

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Which manifestation is typical for psoriasis?
1) Arthropathy
2) Pustules
3) Onychodystrophy
4) Scaling of the lips (cheilitis)

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct

1) Arthropathy
2) Pustules
3) Onychodystrophy

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Which cutaneous manifestation(s) is (are) typical for a vasculitis?
1) Purpura
2) Persisting urtica for over 24 hours
3) Hemorrhagic papule
4) Skin necrosis

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

1) Purpura
2) Persisting urtica for over 24 hours
3) Hemorrhagic papule
4) Skin necrosis

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Which statement(s) is (are) true for gonorrheal urethritis?
1) Purulent urethral discharge, intracellular, Gram negative diplococci in the smear
2) Incubation time in men approx. 3 days; in women usually no symptoms
3) Therapy of first choice is ceftriaxone
4) Co-infections are relatively common, thus HIV, syphilis and chlamydial co-infections have to be excluded.

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

1) Purulent urethral discharge, intracellular, Gram negative diplococci in the smear
2) Incubation time in men approx. 3 days; in women usually no symptoms
3) Therapy of first choice is ceftriaxone
4) Co-infections are relatively common, thus HIV, syphilis and chlamydial co-infections have to be excluded.

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Furuncles occur commonly …
1) in diabetes mellitus
2) due to prolonged therapy with systemic or topical glucocorticoids
3) in immunodeficiency
4) in malignant melanoma

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct

1) in diabetes mellitus
2) due to prolonged therapy with systemic or topical glucocorticoids
3) in immunodeficiency

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Tuberculin test is anergic …
1) in patients who had not been immunized against M. tuberculosis
2) under immunosuppressive therapy
3) in elderly
4) after tuberculotic infections

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct

1) in patients who had not been immunized against M. tuberculosis
2) under immunosuppressive therapy
3) in elderly

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Which clinical features are typical for genital herpes infection?
1) Painless ulcers
2) Painful regional lymphadenopathy
3) No prodromal symptoms
4) Recurrent disease

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct
C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct
D) Only answer 4 is correct
E) All of the answers are correct

C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct

2) Painful regional lymphadenopathy
4) Recurrent disease

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Which side effects of a therapy with isotretinoin are most common? 1) Dry mouth 2) Conjunctivitis 3) Increased serum cholesterol levels 4) Cheilitis A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct D) Only answer 4 is correct E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct 1) Dry mouth 2) Conjunctivitis 3) Increased serum cholesterol levels 4) Cheilitis

In which disease(s) may nail clubbing occur? 1) Psoriasis 2) SLE 3) Onychomycosis 4) Pulmonary fibrosis A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct B) Answers 1 and 3 are correct C) Answers 2 and 4 are correct D) Only answer 4 is correct E) All of the answers are correct

D) Only answer 4 is correct 4) Pulmonary fibrosis

Which statements are true for pyogenic granuloma? Please find the correct combination. 1) It is intense red. 2) It bleeds easily. 3) It develops usually after an injury. 4) It can transform into malignancy. 5) It has a firm consistence. A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct B) Answers 1, 2 and 4 are correct C) Answers 1, 4 and 5 are correct D) Answers 1, 3 and 5 are correct E) Answers 2, 3 and 4 are correct F) Answers 2, 3 and 5 are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct 1) It is intense red. 2) It bleeds easily. 3) It develops usually after an injury.

Condyloma acuminatum occurs commonly … 1) in HIV positive patients 2) in patients with chronic vaginal discharge 3) in promiscuous individuals 4) associated with menorrhagia 5) in pregnancy A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct B) Answers 1, 2 and 4 are correct C) Answers 1, 4 and 5 are correct D) Answers 1, 3 and 5 are correct E) Answers 2, 3 and 4 are correct F) Answers 2, 3 and 5 are correct G) Answers 2, 4 and 5 are correct H) Answers 3, 4 and 5 are correct

A) Answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct 1) in HIV positive patients 2) in patients with chronic vaginal discharge 3) in promiscuous individuals

Please associate following pathogens with the statements below. It results in usually a superficial mycosis of the scalp and trunk. If the scalp is affected, systemic antimycotic treatment is indicated. On the trunk, it is characterized by red, annular, oval or round plaques with scaling edges. A) Trichophyton schönleini B) Microsporum canis C) Trichophyton rubrum D) Trichophyton verrucosum

B) Microsporum canis

Please associate following pathogens with the statements below. It leads to a chronic dermatitis of the scalp which typically heals with scarring alopecia A) Trichophyton schönleini B) Microsporum canis C) Trichophyton rubrum D) Trichophyton verrucosum

A) Trichophyton schönleini

Please associate following pathogens with the statements below. It affects typically animals such as cows; in humans, it causes usually a deep tinea of the scalp (also called kerion Celsi) and tinea barbae. A) Trichophyton schönleini B) Microsporum canis C) Trichophyton rubrum D) Trichophyton verrucosum

D) Trichophyton verrucosum

Please associate following pathogens with the statements below. This is the most common pathogenic dermatophyte in Central Europe including Hungary. A) Trichophyton schönleini B) Microsporum canis C) Trichophyton rubrum D) Trichophyton verrucosum

C) Trichophyton rubrum

Please associate following definitions with the diagnoses below. Toxic epidermal necrolysis A) Hereditary bullous disease B) Drug-induced bullous disease C) Bullous metabolic disorder D) Bullous disease related to celiac disease E) Autoimmune bullous disease with typical oral mucous membrane manifestation

B) Drug-induced bullous disease

Please associate following definitions with the diagnoses below. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex A) Hereditary bullous disease B) Drug-induced bullous disease C) Bullous metabolic disorder D) Bullous disease related to celiac disease E) Autoimmune bullous disease with typical oral mucous membrane manifestation

A) Hereditary bullous disease

Please associate following definitions with the diagnoses below. Dermatitis herpetiformis A) Hereditary bullous disease B) Drug-induced bullous disease C) Bullous metabolic disorder D) Bullous disease related to celiac disease E) Autoimmune bullous disease with typical oral mucous membrane manifestation

D) Bullous disease related to celiac disease

Please associate following definitions with the diagnoses below. Porphyria cutanea tarda A) Hereditary bullous disease B) Drug-induced bullous disease C) Bullous metabolic disorder D) Bullous disease related to celiac disease E) Autoimmune bullous disease with typical oral mucous membrane manifestation

C) Bullous metabolic disorder

Please associate following definitions with the diagnoses below. Pemphigus vulgaris A) Hereditary bullous disease B) Drug-induced bullous disease C) Bullous metabolic disorder D) Bullous disease related to celiac disease E) Autoimmune bullous disease with typical oral mucous membrane manifestation

E) Autoimmune bullous disease with typical oral mucous membrane manifestation

Please associate following statements with the diagnoses below. Atopic dermatitis A) Red plaques in sun-exposed areas B) It can be verified by patch-tests C) It can be triggered by sport and physical activity D) It can be caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency E) White dermographism is a specific sign for it

E) White dermographism is a specific sign for it

Please associate following statements with the diagnoses below. SLE A) Red plaques in sun-exposed areas B) It can be verified by patch-tests C) It can be triggered by sport and physical activity D) It can be caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency E) White dermographism is a specific sign for it

B) It can be verified by patch-tests

Please associate following statements with the diagnoses below. Allergic contact dermatitis A) Red plaques in sun-exposed areas B) It can be verified by patch-tests C) It can be triggered by sport and physical activity D) It can be caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency E) White dermographism is a specific sign for it

B) It can be verified by patch-tests

Please associate following statements with the diagnoses below. Hereditary angioedema A) Red plaques in sun-exposed areas B) It can be verified by patch-tests C) It can be triggered by sport and physical activity D) It can be caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency E) White dermographism is a specific sign for it

D) It can be caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

Please associate following statements with the diagnoses below. Cholinergic urticaria A) Red plaques in sun-exposed areas B) It can be verified by patch-tests C) It can be triggered by sport and physical activity D) It can be caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency E) White dermographism is a specific sign for it

C) It can be triggered by sport and physical activity

Please associate following disorders with the corresponding immunologic pathomechanisms below. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction A) Allergic contact dermatitis B) Allergic rhinitis C) Sarcoidosis D) Schönlein-Henoch purpura

B) Allergic rhinitis

Please associate following disorders with the corresponding immunologic pathomechanisms below. Non-necrotizing granuloma formation A) Allergic contact dermatitis B) Allergic rhinitis C) Sarcoidosis D) Schönlein-Henoch purpura

C) Sarcoidosis

Please associate following disorders with the corresponding immunologic pathomechanisms below. Hypersensitivity reaction of delayed type A) Allergic contact dermatitis B) Allergic rhinitis C) Sarcoidosis D) Schönlein-Henoch purpura

A) Allergic contact dermatitis

Please associate following disorders with the corresponding immunologic pathomechanisms below. Immune complex reaction A) Allergic contact dermatitis B) Allergic rhinitis C) Sarcoidosis D) Schönlein-Henoch purpura

D) Schönlein-Henoch purpura

Please associate following germs with the corresponding diagnoses or skin signs below. Cat scratch disease A) Haemophilus ducreyi B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Rochalimaea henselae D) Mycobacterium marinum E) Bacillus anthracis

C) Rochalimaea henselae

Please associate following germs with the corresponding diagnoses or skin signs below. Pustula maligna A) Haemophilus ducreyi B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Rochalimaea henselae D) Mycobacterium marinum E) Bacillus anthracis

E) Bacillus anthracis

Please associate following germs with the corresponding diagnoses or skin signs below. Ulcus molle A) Haemophilus ducreyi B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Rochalimaea henselae D) Mycobacterium marinum E) Bacillus anthracis

A) Haemophilus ducreyi

Please associate following germs with the corresponding diagnoses or skin signs below. Swimming pool granuloma A) Haemophilus ducreyi B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Rochalimaea henselae D) Mycobacterium marinum E) Bacillus anthracis

D) Mycobacterium marinum

Please associate following germs with the corresponding diagnoses or skin signs below. Lupus vulgaris A) Haemophilus ducreyi B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Rochalimaea henselae D) Mycobacterium marinum E) Bacillus anthracis

B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The following diseases are light sensitive: rosacea, lupus erythematosus, porphyria cutanea tarda, dermatomyositis; consequently, avoiding sun and light protection is part of the treatment. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other.

In vulvovaginitis caused by yeasts, massive, white, clumpy vaginal discharge with erythema of the vaginal mucous membrane and intense pruritus appear, thus in relapsing cases, oral administration of azole derivatives in addition to topical treatment with antimycotics is recommended. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other.

Scabies is a very itching skin disease with predilection sites in the interdigital folds, volar area of wrists, axillary regions, areolae of the breasts, umbilical and genital regions; therefore, it is transmitted almost always sexually. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false.

Treatment of psoriasis with biological therapies is indicated only in case of unsuccessful pre-treatment by acitretin, PUVA or narrow band UVB, methotrexate or ciclosporin, because all of these above mentioned therapies can be effective in psoriasis. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other.

The most commonly used therapies for pityriasis rosea are potent topical antimycotics, because pityriasis rosea is a disease caused by fungi. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

In patients having erythema nodosum a chest X-ray examination is necessary, because erythema nodosum can be a sign for pulmonary sarcoidosis. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other.

Malignant melanoma always originates from pigmented nevi, thus prophylactic excision of all pigmented nevi is recommended. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the skin usually originate from actinic keratoses; consequently, treatment of actinic keratoses (for instance with cryotherapy) prevents development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other.

Antibiotics do not even have a temporary effect in hidradenitis suppurativa, because hidradenitis suppurativa is a sterile, chronic, relapsing inflammation of the eccrine glands of the axillary and/or inguinal regions. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

Molluscum contagiosum is a proliferative epithelial disease caused by a poxvirus; consequently, it can be responsible for endemic outbreaks among children who frequently swim or have atopic dermatitis. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other.

Ulcerative colitis is often associated with pyoderma gangraenosum, because Haemophilus ulcerosus is implicated in the pathogenesis of pyoderma gangraenosum. A) The statements in both clauses are correct, and they are causally related to each other. B) The statements in both clauses are correct, but they are not causally related to each other. C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false. D) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is false, but the second one is true. E) The statements in both clauses of the sentence are false.

C) The statement in the first clause of the sentence is true, but the second one is false.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A 48-year-old woman presents with skin lesions on the face that have been present for several years. On her face, mainly on the cheeks and nose, there are red erythematous papules, and a few pustules. Dermoscopic examination reveals telangiectasias. She says that her symptoms are worsened by alcohol, caffeinated drinks and sun exposure. A) Acne vulgaris B) Irritant contact dermatitis C) Rosacea D) Seborrhoeic dermatitis

C) Rosacea

Which of the following treatments would you choose? A 48-year-old woman presents with skin lesions on the face that have been present for several years. On her face, mainly on the cheeks and nose, there are red erythematous papules, and a few pustules. Dermoscopic examination reveals telangiectasias. She says that her symptoms are worsened by alcohol, caffeinated drinks and sun exposure. A) A course of oral doxycycline for several weeks. B) Topical cream containing corticosteroid. C) Topical corticosteroid cream combined with low dose oral corticosteroid. D) A course of oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for one week.

ANSWER A) A course of oral doxycycline for several weeks.

Which of the following factors does not typically play a role in the development or persistence of the disease? A 48-year-old woman presents with skin lesions on the face that have been present for several years. On her face, mainly on the cheeks and nose, there are red erythematous papules, and a few pustules. Dermoscopic examination reveals telangiectasias. She says that her symptoms are worsened by alcohol, caffeinated drinks and sun exposure. A) Demodex folliculorum. B) UV radiation. C) Mutation of the FLG gene. D) Psychosocial stress.

ANSWER D) Psychosocial stress

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 76-year-old man presents with a three-day history of painful skin lesions localised to the left forehead and left upper eyelid. Physical examination reveals gropued erythematous vesicles respecting the midline, with oedematous eyelids and red conjunctiva on the left side. A) Erysipelas B) Quincke's oedema C) Contact dermatitis. D) Herpes zoster

ANSWER D) Herpes zoster

Which of the following treatment options would you choose? A 76-year-old man presents with a three-day history of painful skin lesions localised to the left forehead and left upper eyelid. Physical examination reveals gropued erythematous vesicles respecting the midline, with oedematous eyelids and red conjunctiva on the left side. A) Intravenous corticosteroid and antihistamine treatment and ward admission for close observation. B) Oral aciclovir treatment at a dose of 5x800 mg daily. C) Intravenous aciclovir treatment and ward admission. D) Oral antibiotic treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic.

ANSWER C) Intravenous aciclovir treatment and ward admission

What are the possible complications of the disease? A 76-year-old man presents with a three-day history of painful skin lesions localised to the left forehead and left upper eyelid. Physical examination reveals gropued erythematous vesicles respecting the midline, with oedematous eyelids and red conjunctiva on the left side. A) Blindness. B) Meningitis. C) Neuralgia. D) All of the above.

ANSWER D) All of the above.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A 35-year-old woman was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for sinusitis. On the 7th day after starting the antibiotic treatment, she developed chills and exanthema all over the body. On physical examination, urticariform papules are present all over the body. Skin lesions show no lysis, and there are no mucosal lesions. Routine laboratory test showed leukocytosis and neutrophilia, no other abnormalities. A) Maculopapular drug rash B) Stevens-Johnson syndrome C) Hoigné syndrome D) DRESS syndrome

ANSWER A) Maculopapular drug rash

Which of the following treatment options would you choose? A 35-year-old woman was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for sinusitis. On the 7th day after starting the antibiotic treatment, she developed chills and exanthema all over the body. On physical examination, urticariform papules are present all over the body. Skin lesions show no lysis, and there are no mucosal lesions. Routine laboratory test showed leukocytosis and neutrophilia, no other abnormalities. A) Sampling for bacterial culture and switching to a different antibiotic group based on the antibiogram. B) Immediate discontinuation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid followed by initiation of systemic corticosteroid therapy with supportive therapy. C) The symptoms are probably caused by a viral infection, therefore symptomatic treatment is sufficient. The patient should be advised to take physical rest, drink plenty of fluids, and take antipyretic measures. D) Immediate discontinuation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, haemoculture, and then switching to another antibiotic group based on the antibiogram.

B) Immediate discontinuation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid followed by initiation of systemic corticosteroid therapy with supportive therapy.

What tests would you perform to confirm the diagnosis? A 35-year-old woman was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for sinusitis. On the 7th day after starting the antibiotic treatment, she developed chills and exanthema all over the body. On physical examination, urticariform papules are present all over the body. Skin lesions show no lysis, and there are no mucosal lesions. Routine laboratory test showed leukocytosis and neutrophilia, no other abnormalities. A) Skin biopsy for routine histopathology. B) Skin biopsy for direct immunofluorescence examination. C) Blood sampling for indirect immunofluorescence. D) Blood sample for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing.

A) Skin biopsy for routine histopathology.

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 60-year-old male patient comes to the outpatient clinic with a fever and pain in his left leg. During physical examination, the left leg's circumference is significantly larger than the opposite leg. The patient's left leg is tense, extending from the foot to the knee; the leg is also itching, burning and painful. The left leg is warm to the touch, and a flame-like erythema towards the knee can be seen. On the left foot, over the III. metatarsal, a puncture site is visible with crust on the surface. The patient mentions that 2 days ago, while walking in the woods, a spider bit his foot, and he applied calendula cream at home. Elevated CRP (160.1), PCT, leukocytosis and neutrophilia should be highlighted from a fresh laboratory examination. A) Deep vein thrombosis B) Erysipelas C) Stasis dermatitis D) Contact dermatitis

B) Erysipelas

What is the primary therapy for the patient described above? A 60-year-old male patient comes to the outpatient clinic with a fever and pain in his left leg. During physical examination, the left leg's circumference is significantly larger than the opposite leg. The patient's left leg is tense, extending from the foot to the knee; the leg is also itching, burning and painful. The left leg is warm to the touch, and a flame-like erythema towards the knee can be seen. On the left foot, over the III. metatarsal, a puncture site is visible with crust on the surface. The patient mentions that 2 days ago, while walking in the woods, a spider bit his foot, and he applied calendula cream at home. Elevated CRP (160.1), PCT, leukocytosis and neutrophilia should be highlighted from a fresh laboratory examination. A) Per os antihistamine therapy B) Per os acyclovir therapy C) Parenteral cefazoline therapy D) Local steroid cream

C) Parenteral cefazoline therapy

What is the most common factor in the pathogenesis of the disease? A 60-year-old male patient comes to the outpatient clinic with a fever and pain in his left leg. During physical examination, the left leg's circumference is significantly larger than the opposite leg. The patient's left leg is tense, extending from the foot to the knee; the leg is also itching, burning and painful. The left leg is warm to the touch, and a flame-like erythema towards the knee can be seen. On the left foot, over the III. metatarsal, a puncture site is visible with crust on the surface. The patient mentions that 2 days ago, while walking in the woods, a spider bit his foot, and he applied calendula cream at home. Elevated CRP (160.1), PCT, leukocytosis and neutrophilia should be highlighted from a fresh laboratory examination. A) Leiden mutation B) Streptococcus pyogenes C) Chronic venous insufficiency D) External allergen

B) Streptococcus pyogenes

A 40-year-old female patient comes to the outpatient clinic with blistering skin symptoms on the right side of her trunk. The patient told us she was hospitalized for 3 weeks with pneumonia before. About 1 week ago, after gardening in a bathing suit, she began to feel that on the right side of her torso, at the height of the swinging ribs, the skin was painful and itchy, as if ants were crawling under the skin during which she had no skin symptoms. Her blistering skin symptoms appeared in groups 4 days ago, which were burning, itching and painful. During her physical examination, on the right side of the trunk, along the T8 dermatome, there are erythematous plaques containing vesicles in groups. A) Insect bite B) Herpes zoster C) Phytophotodermatitis D) Molluscum contagiosum

B) Herpes zoster

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 22-year-old female patient comes to the outpatient clinic accompanied by her father. In the afternoon, a wasp stung her neck. The allergy to wasp bites has been unknown so far. After the sting, she became dizzy and had mild shortness of breath, and she also had loose stools twice. After the symptoms occurred, the patient immediately came to our Clinic with lip swelling, itching and urticariform skin symptoms on the face, neck, upper limbs and torso. The patient reports feeling a lump in her throat, and her voice is hoarse. During her physical examination, occasionally confluent urtica is detected on the forehead, face, neck, trunk and upper limbs. Her upper lips are swollen. The tongue and uvula swelling are not visible, and the pharynx is peaceful. The puncture site is detected on the right side of her neck. Her blood pressure is 98/70 mmHg, heart rate is 100/min. A) Measles B) Syphilis Stage II C) Facial erysipelas D) Allergic reaction after wasp stings

D) Allergic reaction after wasp stings

What is the primary therapy for the patient described above? A 40-year-old female patient comes to the outpatient clinic with blistering skin symptoms on the right side of her trunk. The patient told us she was hospitalized for 3 weeks with pneumonia before. About 1 week ago, after gardening in a bathing suit, she began to feel that on the right side of her torso, at the height of the swinging ribs, the skin was painful and itchy, as if ants were crawling under the skin during which she had no skin symptoms. Her blistering skin symptoms appeared in groups 4 days ago, which were burning, itching and painful. During her physical examination, on the right side of the trunk, along the T8 dermatome, there are erythematous plaques containing vesicles in groups. A) Local mupirocin cream B) Acyclovir therapy C) Local corticosteroid cream D) Cooling

B) Acyclovir therapy

What is the most common factor in the pathogenesis of the disease? A 40-year-old female patient comes to the outpatient clinic with blistering skin symptoms on the right side of her trunk. The patient told us she was hospitalized for 3 weeks with pneumonia before. About 1 week ago, after gardening in a bathing suit, she began to feel that on the right side of her torso, at the height of the swinging ribs, the skin was painful and itchy, as if ants were crawling under the skin during which she had no skin symptoms. Her blistering skin symptoms appeared in groups 4 days ago, which were burning, itching and painful. During her physical examination, on the right side of the trunk, along the T8 dermatome, there are erythematous plaques containing vesicles in groups. A) Phylum Arthropoda B) Varicella zoster virus C) Furanokumarin and UVA irradiation D) Poxvirus

B) Varicella zoster virus

What is the primary therapy for the patient described above? A 22-year-old female patient comes to the outpatient clinic accompanied by her father. In the afternoon, a wasp stung her neck. The allergy to wasp bites has been unknown so far. After the sting, she became dizzy and had mild shortness of breath, and she also had loose stools twice. After the symptoms occurred, the patient immediately came to our Clinic with lip swelling, itching and urticariform skin symptoms on the face, neck, upper limbs and torso. The patient reports feeling a lump in her throat, and her voice is hoarse. During her physical examination, occasionally confluent urtica is detected on the forehead, face, neck, trunk and upper limbs. Her upper lips are swollen. The tongue and uvula swelling are not visible, and the pharynx is peaceful. The puncture site is detected on the right side of her neck. Her blood pressure is 98/70 mmHg, heart rate is 100/min. A) Supportive therapy B) Penicillin C) Cefazoline D) Epinephrine

D) Epinephrine

A 22-year-old female patient comes to the outpatient clinic accompanied by her father. In the afternoon, a wasp stung her neck. The allergy to wasp bites has been unknown so far. After the sting, she became dizzy and had mild shortness of breath, and she also had loose stools twice. After the symptoms occurred, the patient immediately came to our Clinic with lip swelling, itching and urticariform skin symptoms on the face, neck, upper limbs and torso. The patient reports feeling a lump in her throat, and her voice is hoarse. During her physical examination, occasionally confluent urtica is detected on the forehead, face, neck, trunk and upper limbs. Her upper lips are swollen. The tongue and uvula swelling are not visible, and the pharynx is peaceful. The puncture site is detected on the right side of her neck. Her blood pressure is 98/70 mmHg, heart rate is 100/min. A) Morbili virus B) Treponema pallidum C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Histamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, cholinesterase, phospholipase, protease, hyaluronidase

D) Histamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, cholinesterase, phospholipase, protease, hyaluronidase

A patient experienced intensely itchy, burning skin symptoms on the forehead, cheeks, and both periorbital regions two days after using a face cream. During a dermatological examination, erythematous, slightly oedematous, seropapular reaction can be detected in the area of the application of the face cream and spreading from it. A) facial erysipelas B) ophtalmic herpes zoster C) allergic contact dermatitis D) discoid lupus erythematosus ANSWER C) allergic contact dermatitis

C) allergic contact dermatitis

What can be the provoking factor of the disease? A patient experienced intensely itchy, burning skin symptoms on the forehead, cheeks, and both periorbital regions two days after using a face cream. During a dermatological examination, erythematous, slightly oedematous, seropapular reaction can be detected in the area of the application of the face cream and spreading from it. A) herpes virus infection B) bacterial infection C) autoimmune mechanism D) environmental contact allergen provocation

D) environmental contact allergen provocation

Which therapy should be used to treat the disease? A patient experienced intensely itchy, burning skin symptoms on the forehead, cheeks, and both periorbital regions two days after using a face cream. During a dermatological examination, erythematous, slightly oedematous, seropapular reaction can be detected in the area of the application of the face cream and spreading from it. A) topical methylprednisolone B) oral acyclovir C) intravenous penicillin D) oral methotrexate

A) topical methylprednisolone

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 16-year-old patient presents to dermatology with skin symptoms that have existed since childhood but have not been diagnosed yet. According to the patient's current skin status, itchy, erythematous, slightly lichenified plaques can be seen on the neck, antecubital regions, hands, and popliteal fossae, and generalised xerosis cutis can be observed. By taking the medical history allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma can be explored. A) atopic dermatitis B) toxicoderma C) psoriasis vulgaris D) varicella

A) atopic dermatitis

What is the background of the disease? A 16-year-old patient presents to dermatology with skin symptoms that have existed since childhood but have not been diagnosed yet. According to the patient's current skin status, itchy, erythematous, slightly lichenified plaques can be seen on the neck, antecubital regions, hands, and popliteal fossae, and generalised xerosis cutis can be observed. By taking the medical history allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma can be explored. A) adverse drug reaction B) autoimmune mechanism C) genetically determined skin barrier impairment and immune regulation disorder D) herpes virus infection ANSWER C) genetically determined skin barrier impairment and immune regulation disorder

C) genetically determined skin barrier impairment and immune regulation disorder

What is the first-line treatment of the disease? A 16-year-old patient presents to dermatology with skin symptoms that have existed since childhood but have not been diagnosed yet. According to the patient's current skin status, itchy, erythematous, slightly lichenified plaques can be seen on the neck, antecubital regions, hands, and popliteal fossae, and generalised xerosis cutis can be observed. By taking the medical history allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma can be explored. A) phototherapy B) biologic therapy C) oral cyclosporine D) topical emollient and topical corticosteroid

D) topical emollient and topical corticosteroid

What is the most likely diagnosis? On the face of a small child, predominantly in the perioral region, a few 1-1.5 cm erosions covered with honey-colored crusts can be observed. A) rosacea B) impetigo contagiosa C) tinea faciei D) psoriasis vulgaris

B) impetigo contagiosa

What can be the provoking factor of the disease? On the face of a small child, predominantly in the perioral region, a few 1-1.5 cm erosions covered with honey-colored crusts can be observed. A) mycotic infection B) environmental contact allergen provocation C) bacterial infection D) focus infection

C) bacterial infection

Which therapy should be used to treat the disease? On the face of a small child, predominantly in the perioral region, a few 1-1.5 cm erosions covered with honey-colored crusts can be observed. A) systemic corticosteroid B) topical corticosteroid C) topical antibacterial agent D) phototherapy

C) topical antibacterial agent

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 30-year-old male patient has been experiencing sharply demarcated erythematous, silvery scaling plaques on his knees for three years, along with scaling of the scalp. Despite treatment for nail fungal infection due to recent nail changes, there has been no improvement. A) Systemic lupus erythematosus B) Pemphigus vulgaris C) Psoriasis D) Vasculitis

C) Psoriasis

During histopathological examination under light microscopy, what characteristic abnormality is observed in the above condition? A 30-year-old male patient has been experiencing sharply demarcated erythematous, silvery scaling plaques on his knees for three years, along with scaling of the scalp. Despite treatment for nail fungal infection due to recent nail changes, there has been no improvement. A) Atrophy of the epidermis B) Intraepithelial blister formation C) Parakeratosis D) Fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessel walls

C) Parakeratosis

Among the listed options, which therapeutic possibility do we not use in the treatment of the above condition? A 30-year-old male patient has been experiencing sharply demarcated erythematous, silvery scaling plaques on his knees for three years, along with scaling of the scalp. Despite treatment for nail fungal infection due to recent nail changes, there has been no improvement. A) Hydroxychloroquine B) PUVA C) Topical corticosteroid D) Methotrexate

A) Hydroxychloroquine

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 55-year-old male patient has noticed a growing lesion on his back for a few months, currently measuring 2x1 cm with an irregular shape, scalloped edges, bluish-gray, black, flat plaque. Dermatoscopic examination reveals opalescent areas, pigment globules at the periphery, and bizarre, varying caliber vessels. A) Malignant melanoma B) Basal cell carcinoma C) Squamous cell carcinoma D) Congenital nevus

A) Malignant melanoma

What is the primary therapy? A 55-year-old male patient has noticed a growing lesion on his back for a few months, currently measuring 2x1 cm with an irregular shape, scalloped edges, bluish-gray, black, flat plaque. Dermatoscopic examination reveals opalescent areas, pigment globules at the periphery, and bizarre, varying caliber vessels. A) Surgical excision B) Cryotherapy C) Local corticosteroid D) Imiquimod

A) Surgical excision

What examinations would you request in the above case? A 55-year-old male patient has noticed a growing lesion on his back for a few months, currently measuring 2x1 cm with an irregular shape, scalloped edges, bluish-gray, black, flat plaque. Dermatoscopic examination reveals opalescent areas, pigment globules at the periphery, and bizarre, varying caliber vessels. A) Staging examination (ultrasound, chest X-ray, laboratory tests) B) Carotid and Willis CT angiography C) Echocardiography D) Thyroid scintigraphy

A) Staging examination (ultrasound, chest X-ray, laboratory tests)

In the above condition, which marker would you examine during laboratory testing? A 55-year-old male patient has noticed a growing lesion on his back for a few months, currently measuring 2x1 cm with an irregular shape, scalloped edges, bluish-gray, black, flat plaque. Dermatoscopic examination reveals opalescent areas, pigment globules at the periphery, and bizarre, varying caliber vessels. A) PSA B) CA-125 C) AFP D) S-100

D) S-100

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 35-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with widespread skin lesions affecting 10% of her body surface area and feeling unwell for the past two days. On her trunk and extremities, erythematous lesions with atypical target-like appearance, centrally blistering lesions, and erosions are observed. Painful erosions covered with crusts are present on her lips, and erosions are visible on the oral mucosa. Her antiepileptic medication was switched to carbamazepine three weeks ago. A) Stevens-Johnson syndrome B) herpes zoster C) psoriasis D) bullous pemphigoid

A) Stevens-Johnson syndrome

During examination, applying mild lateral pressure to apparently normal skin results in the formation of blisters or erosions (triggering acantholysis). What is the term for this phenomenon? A 35-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with widespread skin lesions affecting 10% of her body surface area and feeling unwell for the past two days. On her trunk and extremities, erythematous lesions with atypical target-like appearance, centrally blistering lesions, and erosions are observed. Painful erosions covered with crusts are present on her lips, and erosions are visible on the oral mucosa. Her antiepileptic medication was switched to carbamazepine three weeks ago. A) Auspitz sign B) Nikolsky's sign C) Raynaud's phenomenon D) Köbner phenomenon

B) Nikolsky's sign

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the above condition? A 35-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with widespread skin lesions affecting 10% of her body surface area and feeling unwell for the past two days. On her trunk and extremities, erythematous lesions with atypical target-like appearance, centrally blistering lesions, and erosions are observed. Painful erosions covered with crusts are present on her lips, and erosions are visible on the oral mucosa. Her antiepileptic medication was switched to carbamazepine three weeks ago. A) The genital area may also be affected. B) Some medications are particularly commonly implicated as triggers. C) In its most severe form, extensive epidermal necrolysis develops. D) The disease is primarily presumed to involve type I hypersensitivity reaction.

D) The disease is primarily presumed to involve type I hypersensitivity reaction.

What is the most likely diagnosis? 43-year-old male patient presents with numerous purple itchy papules on the wrists and ankles for a few weeks. During physical examination, a whitish non-erasable plaque is also seen on the buccal mucosa. A) Acne B) Lichen ruber planus C) Rosacea D) Verruca vulgaris

B) Lichen ruber planus

Which test can be used to make a definite diagnosis? 43-year-old male patient presents with numerous purple itchy papules on the wrists and ankles for a few weeks. During physical examination, a whitish non-erasable plaque is also seen on the buccal mucosa. A) Blood count B) Blood pressure measurement C) Bacterial culture D) Histology

D) Histology

Which of the following treatments would you choose? 43-year-old male patient presents with numerous purple itchy papules on the wrists and ankles for a few weeks. During physical examination, a whitish non-erasable plaque is also seen on the buccal mucosa. A) Antihistamine B) Local antihistamine externa C) Local potent steroid externa D) Lubricating cream

C) Local potent steroid externa

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 75-year-old bald male patient with Fitzpatrick skin type II presents with scaly, rough-feeling symptoms on the scalp, persisting for several years. Physical examination reveals mildly hyperkeratotic, erythematous papules and plaques with strawberry pattern under dermatoscopy. A) Actinic keratosis B) Eczema C) Seborrheic dermatitis D) Lupus

A) Actinic keratosis

Which of the following malignancies may develop later if left untreated? A 75-year-old bald male patient with Fitzpatrick skin type II presents with scaly, rough-feeling symptoms on the scalp, persisting for several years. Physical examination reveals mildly hyperkeratotic, erythematous papules and plaques with strawberry pattern under dermatoscopy. A) Colon cc. B) Colon cc. C) Squamous cell cc. D) Lung cc.

ANSWER C) Squamous cell cc.

Which therapeutic option is NOT recommended? A 75-year-old bald male patient with Fitzpatrick skin type II presents with scaly, rough-feeling symptoms on the scalp, persisting for several years. Physical examination reveals mildly hyperkeratotic, erythematous papules and plaques with strawberry pattern under dermatoscopy. A) Day-light photodynamic therapy B) Topical imiquimod C) Cryotherapy D) Body lotion

D) Body lotion

Which investigation would you order to make a diagnosis? A 38-year-old male patient presents with erythematous plaques, erosions and crusts on the face, chest, scalp and back. The patient has previously noticed bullae at the erosion sites. Oral mucosa is asymptomatic. A) Blood count B) Liver and kidney function C) Direct immunofluorescence D) Viral serology

C) Direct immunofluorescence

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 38-year-old male patient presents with erythematous plaques, erosions and crusts on the face, chest, scalp and back. The patient has previously noticed bullae at the erosion sites. Oral mucosa is asymptomatic. A) Contact eczema B) Sunburn C) Tinea corporis D) Pemphigus folieaceus

D) Pemphigus folieaceus

Which of the following statements would support your diagnosis? A 38-year-old male patient presents with erythematous plaques, erosions and crusts on the face, chest, scalp and back. The patient has previously noticed bullae at the erosion sites. Oral mucosa is asymptomatic. A) Typical light-exposed localisation B) Exfoliation due to fungal infection C) Positive desmoglein-1 antibody ELISA and negative desmoglein-3 antibody ELISA D) Contact eczema due to itching

C) Positive desmoglein-1 antibody ELISA and negative desmoglein-3 antibody ELISA

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 30-year-old male patient presents with a two-day history of profuse, purulent urinary discharge. A) fungal infection B) syphilis C) gonorrhoea D) chlamydial infection

C) gonorrhoea

Which diagnostic procedure would you use first? A 30-year-old male patient presents with a two-day history of profuse, purulent urinary discharge. A) culture B) PCR C) VDRL and RPR serology D) Gram stained smear

D) Gram stained smear

How would you treat the diagnosed infection? A 30-year-old male patient presents with a two-day history of profuse, purulent urinary discharge. A) intramuscular ceftriaxone B) intravenous crystalline penicillin C) per os acyclovir D) per os levofloxacin

A) intramuscular ceftriaxone

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A 40-year-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic with a painless, 1 cm in diameter, with a raised edge, shiny, fiery-red colored genital ulcer. A) genital herpes B) primary syphilis C) HPV infection D) Behcet’s disease

B) primary syphilis

Which diagnostic procedure would you use first? A 40-year-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic with a painless, 1 cm in diameter, with a raised edge, shiny, fiery-red colored genital ulcer. A) May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained smear and urine sediment examination B) Ziehl Neelsen stained smear and serological examination C) histological examination and urine sediment examination D) PCR/darkfield microscopy and serology

D) PCR/darkfield microscopy and serology

How would you treat the diagnosed infection? A 40-year-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic with a painless, 1 cm in diameter, with a raised edge, shiny, fiery-red colored genital ulcer. A) per os remdesivir B) intranuscular doxycycline C) intramuscular benzathine penicillin D) per os azithromycin

C) intramuscular benzathine penicillin

What is the most likely causative agent of your symptoms? A 60-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with painful vesicles and pustules on the right side of the forehead, right eyelid and right side of the nasal bridge, with erythematous base. A) Human herpes virus 3 B) Human herpes virus 8 C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis D) Candida albicans

A) Human herpes virus 3

What is the primary therapy to be used? A 60-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with painful vesicles and pustules on the right side of the forehead, right eyelid and right side of the nasal bridge, with erythematous base. A) fluconazole B) rifampicin C) rituxumab D) acyclovir

D) acyclovir

What is NOT a complication of the disease? A 60-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with painful vesicles and pustules on the right side of the forehead, right eyelid and right side of the nasal bridge, with erythematous base. A) bacterial superinfection B) meningoencephalitis C) neuralgia D) pancreatitis

D) pancreatitis

What diagnostic method would you use initially to confirm or rule out the listed diagnoses? Male patient presents with urethral discharge and dysuria. He initially experienced a mucous discharge followed by a profuse purulent discharge, accompanied by a burning sensation in the urethra. He has recently had sexual intercourse with different people. Upon physical examination, the meatus urethrae appears red, and there is a yellowish discharge from the urethra. A) microscopic examination of Gram-stained smear and cultivation of urethral discharge B) serum antibody test C) histological examination D) microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained smear

A) microscopic examination of Gram-stained smear and cultivation of urethral discharge

Male patient presents with urethral discharge and dysuria. He initially experienced a mucous discharge followed by a profuse purulent discharge, accompanied by a burning sensation in the urethra. He has recently had sexual intercourse with different people. Upon physical examination, the meatus urethrae appears red, and there is a yellowish discharge from the urethra. A) urethritis caused by Candida albicans B) urethritis anterior acuta gonorrhoica C) urethritis caused by Escherichia coli D) urethritis caused by Herpes simplex virus

B) urethritis anterior acuta gonorrhoica

What is the most likely diagnosis? A female patient was prescribed penicillin antibiotic by her general practitioner for two weeks of tonsillitis and cough. On the fourth day of taking penicillin, erythematous macules and papules appeared, starting on the trunk and spreading towards the extremities. A) scarlet fever B) phototoxic contact dermatitis C) exanthematous (maculopapular) drug eruption D) graft-versus-host disease

C) exanthematous (maculopapular) drug eruption

In the uncomplicated case described above, what treatment would you use? Male patient presents with urethral discharge and dysuria. He initially experienced a mucous discharge followed by a profuse purulent discharge, accompanied by a burning sensation in the urethra. He has recently had sexual intercourse with different people. Upon physical examination, the meatus urethrae appears red, and there is a yellowish discharge from the urethra. A) p.o. fluconazol 1x150mg for one day B) iv. ciprofloxacin 1x250mg for 5 days C) p.o. acyclovir 5x800mg for 7 days D) im. ceftriaxon 1x1000mg for 1 day

D) im. ceftriaxon 1x1000mg for 1 day

What is the most dangerous outcome if the case described above progresses? A female patient was prescribed penicillin antibiotic by her general practitioner for two weeks of tonsillitis and cough. On the fourth day of taking penicillin, erythematous macules and papules appeared, starting on the trunk and spreading towards the extremities. A) pneumonia B) toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) C) keloid formation D) Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

B) toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

What is the first thing to do in the case described above? A female patient was prescribed penicillin antibiotic by her general practitioner for two weeks of tonsillitis and cough. On the fourth day of taking penicillin, erythematous macules and papules appeared, starting on the trunk and spreading towards the extremities. A) suspend penicillin and avoid penicillin thereafter B) im. calcium injection C) increase the dose of penicillin D) topical moisturizing treatment

A) suspend penicillin and avoid penicillin thereafter

What is the most likely diagnosis? The patient presented due to the appearance of a narrow brown stripe running longitudinally along the nail plate of one finger, which had recently widened, darkened and extends onto the nail bed. A) subungual hematoma B) naevus pigmentosus C) infection caused by Candida albicans D) melanoma malignum

D) melanoma malignum

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 30-year-old man with an active lifestyle visits the dermatology clinic after a vacation. After sunbathing, scaly hypopigmented patches appeared on the chest and back. Dandruff can also be noticed on the scalp. The patient says that before the vacation, the spots were more brownish in color, but did not cause any complaints. A) Vitiligo B) Pityriasis versicolor C) Syphilis II. D) Syphilis I.

B) Pityriasis versicolor

What is the correct procedure in the above-mentioned case? The patient presented due to the appearance of a narrow brown stripe running longitudinally along the nail plate of one finger, which had recently widened, darkened and extends onto the nail bed. A) excision of the lesion and histological analysis B) nail scraping for culture C) observation D) application of antifungal nail lacquer

A) excision of the lesion and histological analysis

Among the following, which is not a predisposing factor for the development of melanoma? The patient presented due to the appearance of a narrow brown stripe running longitudinally along the nail plate of one finger, which had recently widened, darkened and extends onto the nail bed. A) fair skin B) contact dermatitis C) UV radiation D) solarium

B) contact dermatitis

What diagnostic tests are necessary? A 30-year-old man with an active lifestyle visits the dermatology clinic after a vacation. After sunbathing, scaly hypopigmented patches appeared on the chest and back. Dandruff can also be noticed on the scalp. The patient says that before the vacation, the spots were more brownish in color, but did not cause any complaints. A) Epicutaneous test B) Skin biopsy C) Based on the clinical picture, the diagnosis can be established, if necessary, Wood's lamp can help to confirm the diagnosis. D) Direct immunofluorescence assay

C) Based on the clinical picture, the diagnosis can be established, if necessary, Wood's lamp can help to confirm the diagnosis.

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 23-year-old female patient presents at the dermatology clinic after hiking in the forest. Two days after the hike, she removed a tick from her leg. In the week following the removal, an expanding erythematous, target-like macule developed the sting which was 8cm in diameter at presentation. A) Granuloma annulare B) Erythema chronicum migrans C) Erythema multiforme minor D) Lyme disease II. Stage (early disseminated infection)

B) Erythema chronicum migrans

What diagnostic tests are necessary in the above case? A 23-year-old female patient presents at the dermatology clinic after hiking in the forest. Two days after the hike, she removed a tick from her leg. In the week following the removal, an expanding erythematous, target-like macule developed the sting which was 8cm in diameter at presentation. A) Treponema serology is required for diagnosis. B) The clinical picture is sufficient to establish the diagnosis. C) A skin biopsy is required to establish the diagnosis. D) It is necessary to perform an epicutaneous test.

B) The clinical picture is sufficient to establish the diagnosis.

What characterizes the treatment of the condition? A 30-year-old man with an active lifestyle visits the dermatology clinic after a vacation. After sunbathing, scaly hypopigmented patches appeared on the chest and back. Dandruff can also be noticed on the scalp. The patient says that before the vacation, the spots were more brownish in color, but did not cause any complaints. A) Due to sunbathing, the patient can be considered cured, it is not necessary to treat him. B) It is not necessary to treat the scalp. C) Systemic antimycotic administration is required in all cases. D) Treatment of the scalp and trunk with local antimycotics is sufficient.

D) Treatment of the scalp and trunk with local antimycotics is sufficient.

What treatment would you use? A 23-year-old female patient presents at the dermatology clinic after hiking in the forest. Two days after the hike, she removed a tick from her leg. In the week following the removal, an expanding erythematous, target-like macule developed the sting which was 8cm in diameter at presentation. A) As first-line treatment, a single dose of 2.4 ME benzathine-penicillin injection im. is required. 1-2 hours before the administration of penicillin, pretreatment with 0.5 mg/kg body weight prednisolone should be administered to prevent the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. B) Local antibiotic, e.g. fusidic acid for 21 days C) Tbl. Amoxicillin 3x1000mg for 20 days D) Topical corticosteroid cream for 1 week

C) Tbl. Amoxicillin 3x1000mg for 20 days

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 24-year-old male patient visits the STD Clinic because of profuse, purulent urethral discharge that started 2 days ago. The discharge was preceded by complaints of dysuria, for which the GP started 2x500mg ciprofloxacin therapy. The patient says that during a festival the previous week, he had several casual sexual relations, not all of which he used barrier protection. A) Syphilis stage I B) Gonorrhea urethritis C) HIV infection D) Lymphogranuloma venereum

B) Gonorrhea urethritis

Which is true regarding the diagnosis of the disease? A 24-year-old male patient visits the STD Clinic because of profuse, purulent urethral discharge that started 2 days ago. The discharge was preceded by complaints of dysuria, for which the GP started 2x500mg ciprofloxacin therapy. The patient says that during a festival the previous week, he had several casual sexual relations, not all of which he used barrier protection. A) It is not necessary to investigate further STDs, as their association is very rare. B) Direct detection of the pathogen in a Gram smear is of diagnostic value. C) The pathogen is very undemanding, no special conditions are required for its cultivation, agar-agar culture medium can be used at room temperature. D) The pathogen can be detected with dark-field microscopy.

B) Direct detection of the pathogen in a Gram smear is of diagnostic value.

What characterizes the therapy? A 24-year-old male patient visits the STD Clinic because of profuse, purulent urethral discharge that started 2 days ago. The discharge was preceded by complaints of dysuria, for which the GP started 2x500mg ciprofloxacin therapy. The patient says that during a festival the previous week, he had several casual sexual relations, not all of which he used barrier protection. A) This is a „self-limiting disease”, it heals within 14 days even without specific therapy. B) As first-line treatment, a single dose of 1g ceftriaxone injection im. is recommended. C) Ciprofloxacin 2x500mg started by the general practitioner should be continued for 14 days. D) As first-line treatment, a single dose of 2.4 ME benzathine-penicillin injection im. is required. 1-2 hours before the administration of penicillin, pretreatment with 0.5 mg/kg body weight prednisolone should be administered to prevent the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

B) As first-line treatment, a single dose of 1g ceftriaxone injection im. is recommended.

Which pathogen could be responsible for the symptoms? A 30-year-old male patient with persistent oedema of the distal part of the penis, enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes and a single, non-tender, indurated ulcer, with a raised edge and a clean base, localised on the glans. The patient feels no pain. A) Haemophilus ducreyi B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae C) Ureaplasma urealiticum D) Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1-L3 E) Treponema pallidum

E) Treponema pallidum

Which of the following diagnostic modalities can directly detect the pathogen? A 30-year-old male patient with persistent oedema of the distal part of the penis, enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes and a single, non-tender, indurated ulcer, with a raised edge and a clean base, localised on the glans. The patient feels no pain. A) Gram stain B) ELISA C) Dark-field microscopy D) Methylene blue stain E) Western-blot

C) Dark-field microscopy

Which of the following diseases is responsible for the skin symptoms? 50-year-old female patient presented with palpable purpura that started bilaterally from the ankles and extending to the thighs. Haemorrhagic blisters are also presented on the lower extremities. The patient has no oral mucosal symptoms. A) Toxic epidermal necrolysis B) Vasculitis allergica C) Bullous erysipelas D) Pemphigus vulgaris E) Urticaria acuta

B) Vasculitis allergica

What is the first-line antibiotic therapy for the infection if the patient has no known drug allergy? A 30-year-old male patient with persistent oedema of the distal part of the penis, enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes and a single, non-tender, indurated ulcer, with a raised edge and a clean base, localised on the glans. The patient feels no pain. A) Metronidazole B) Benzathine benzylpenicillin C) Doxycycline D) Azithromycin E) Ceftriaxone

B) Benzathine benzylpenicillin

Which of the following factors can trigger the immune system in the disease? 50-year-old female patient presented with palpable purpura that started bilaterally from the ankles and extending to the thighs. Haemorrhagic blisters are also presented on the lower extremities. The patient has no oral mucosal symptoms. A) Infection B) Malignancy C) Medicines D) All of them E) None of them

D) All of them

Which of the following statements is not true about the disease? 50-year-old female patient presented with palpable purpura that started bilaterally from the ankles and extending to the thighs. Haemorrhagic blisters are also presented on the lower extremities. The patient has no oral mucosal symptoms. A) Leukocytosis, elevated We and decreased C3 levels B) Haematuria, proteinuria or melena may occur C) Treatment is based on the elimination of the underlying trigger and systemic corticosteroid therapy D) Detection of IgM/IgG complement deposition in small-vessels E) IgE-mediated immune response

E) IgE-mediated immune response

Which of the following diseases can be associated with skin symptoms? Elderly male patient experienced pain and burning sensation in the right lower abdomen, followed by the appearance of papules and blisters in the affected dermatome. A) Varicella B) Bullous pemphigoid C) Pemphigus vulgaris D) Herpes zoster E) Erysipelas

D) Herpes zoster

Which of the following statements is true about the disease? Elderly male patient experienced pain and burning sensation in the right lower abdomen, followed by the appearance of papules and blisters in the affected dermatome. A) Autoantibodies can be detected in the blood B) Reactivation of the dormant virus is responsible for the skin symptoms C) Bacterial swab is required to identify the pathogen D) The patient has not previously had chickenpox E) Skin symptoms are associated with enlargement of the regional lymph nodes

B) Reactivation of the dormant virus is responsible for the skin symptoms

Which of the following statements is true about the therapy for this disease? Elderly male patient experienced pain and burning sensation in the right lower abdomen, followed by the appearance of papules and blisters in the affected dermatome. A) Oral antibiotic therapy is required to eliminate pathogens B) Topical corticosteroid therapy may be used to reduce inflammation C) Systemic antiviral therapy is needed to inhibit the reproduction of the pathogen D) The patient should be treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy to inhibit the E) Skin lesions heal without complications with the application of topical antibiotics and disinfection

C) Systemic antiviral therapy is needed to inhibit the reproduction of the pathogen

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the previous findings? An epileptic, severely retarded patient arrives at the outpatient clinic, and no meaningful history can be obtained from the patient. According to the referring physician, a week ago, during an epileptic seizure, an injury on the bridge of the nose was found, and on the day of admission, fever was measured. A sharp-edged erythema and warm palpation were noted around the injured area. A) Erysipelas B) Melanoma malignum C) Rosacea D) Bullosus pemphigoid

A) Erysipelas

Which test method would you use first to confirm or exclude the listed diagnoses? An epileptic, severely retarded patient arrives at the outpatient clinic, and no meaningful history can be obtained from the patient. According to the referring physician, a week ago, during an epileptic seizure, an injury on the bridge of the nose was found, and on the day of admission, fever was measured. A sharp-edged erythema and warm palpation were noted around the injured area. A) Routine laboratory test B) Chest x-ray C) Abdominal ultrasound D) Dermatoscopy

A) Routine laboratory test

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the previous finding? A female patient in good general health presents to the outpatient clinic with itchy skin symptoms that have been present for a week following an upper respiratory tract infection. Physical examination reveals weals all over the body, which change location within 24 hours. A) Seborrhoeic dermatitis B) Erysipelas C) Acute urticaria D) Psoriasis

C) Acute urticaria

What medication would you use for the former condition, if no heavy breathing is detected? A female patient in good general health presents to the outpatient clinic with itchy skin symptoms that have been present for a week following an upper respiratory tract infection. Physical examination reveals weals all over the body, which change location within 24 hours. A) Antihistamine (H1-blockers) B) Adrenaline C) Ibuprofen D) Low-dose per os prednisolone

A) Antihistamine (H1-blockers)

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the previous findings? An 85-year-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic from a social care home with a history of hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The pruritus is most pronounced at night. Physical examination reveals erythematous papules, a few mm in diameter, linear excoriations on the flexor surface of the upper arms, between the fingers of the hands, and above the gluteus. A) Psoriasis B) Pediculosus capitis C) Scabies D) Erysipelas

C) Scabies

Which per os medication would you use to relieve itching? An 85-year-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic from a social care home with a history of hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The pruritus is most pronounced at night. Physical examination reveals erythematous papules, a few mm in diameter, linear excoriations on the flexor surface of the upper arms, between the fingers of the hands, and above the gluteus. A) Antihistamine (H1-blockers) B) Methotrexate C) Acitretin D) Azathioprine

A) Antihistamine (H1-blockers)

What is the most likely diagnosis? A patient complains of general weakness, specifically finding it difficult to climb the stairs to their upstairs apartment. Apart from a history of appendectomy, nothing else is noted in their medical history. The patient presents with noticeable livid erythema around their eyes. Upon examining their skin, flat, erythematous papules are seen over the MCP and IP joints of their hands. A) Systemic lupus erythematosus B) Psoriasis C) Dermatomyositis D) Rosacea

C) Dermatomyositis

What do we call the symptom appearing on the face? A patient complains of general weakness, specifically finding it difficult to climb the stairs to their upstairs apartment. Apart from a history of appendectomy, nothing else is noted in their medical history. The patient presents with noticeable livid erythema around their eyes. Upon examining their skin, flat, erythematous papules are seen over the MCP and IP joints of their hands. A) Heliotrope rash B) Butterfly erythema C) Moon face D) En coup de sabre

A) Heliotrope rash

Which laboratory parameter would support the correct diagnosis? A patient complains of general weakness, specifically finding it difficult to climb the stairs to their upstairs apartment. Apart from a history of appendectomy, nothing else is noted in their medical history. The patient presents with noticeable livid erythema around their eyes. Upon examining their skin, flat, erythematous papules are seen over the MCP and IP joints of their hands. A) Decreased hemoglobin level B) Decreased eGFR C) Elevated triglycerides D) Elevated CK

D) Elevated CK

Among the options listed, what is the most likely diagnosis? A 30-year-old man presents with recent skin symptoms that he describes as not painful or itchy but progressively increasing in number. Aside from rhinitis, he has no other medical history, does not take any medications, and has been feeling weaker lately. Physical examination reveals livid papules and plaques on the trunk, legs, and soles. A) Psoriasis guttata B) Varicella C) Kaposi sarcoma D) Urticaria

C) Kaposi sarcoma

Which test would you use first to confirm or rule out the listed diagnoses? A 30-year-old man presents with recent skin symptoms that he describes as not painful or itchy but progressively increasing in number. Aside from rhinitis, he has no other medical history, does not take any medications, and has been feeling weaker lately. Physical examination reveals livid papules and plaques on the trunk, legs, and soles. A) Histological examination B) Direct immunofluorescence assay C) Bacterial culture D) Chlamydia PCR

A) Histological examination

With the diagnosis confirmed by the previous test, which of the following tests would you perform on the patient? A 30-year-old man presents with recent skin symptoms that he describes as not painful or itchy but progressively increasing in number. Aside from rhinitis, he has no other medical history, does not take any medications, and has been feeling weaker lately. Physical examination reveals livid papules and plaques on the trunk, legs, and soles. A) Immunserology B) Indirect immunofluorescence assay C) Lower limb Doppler ultrasound D) HIV test

D) HIV test

What is the most likely diagnosis? An elderly female resident of a nursing home arrives for examination. Aside from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, she has no other medical history. Her main complaint is itching in the axillary and genital areas, which worsens in bed warmth. Upon examination, we observe excoriations, scratch-like, finely scaling, few millimeters long tunnels, and papules covered with crusts in the axillae, on the labia majora, and between the fingers. A) Atopic dermatitis B) Scabies C) Urticaria D) Bullous pemphigoid

B) Scabies

Which local treatment would you use? An elderly female resident of a nursing home arrives for examination. Aside from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, she has no other medical history. Her main complaint is itching in the axillary and genital areas, which worsens in bed warmth. Upon examination, we observe excoriations, scratch-like, finely scaling, few millimeters long tunnels, and papules covered with crusts in the axillae, on the labia majora, and between the fingers. A) Methylprednisolone acetate ointment B) 5% salicylic acid C) Ketoconazole cream D) 25-30% benzyl benzoate emulsion

D) 25-30% benzyl benzoate emulsion

Among the following, what additional recommendation would you provide to the patient? An elderly female resident of a nursing home arrives for examination. Aside from diabetes mellitus and hypertension, she has no other medical history. Her main complaint is itching in the axillary and genital areas, which worsens in bed warmth. Upon examination, we observe excoriations, scratch-like, finely scaling, few millimeters long tunnels, and papules covered with crusts in the axillae, on the labia majora, and between the fingers. A) All contacts, even if asymptomatic, should be treated simultaneously. B) Avoid using products containing Tolu balsam in the future. C) Recommend a review of diabetic medications as their provoking role is suspected. D) Recommend adherence to a gluten-free diet.

A) All contacts, even if asymptomatic, should be treated simultaneously.

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 70 year old man comes tot he outpatient care unit with burning, painful rash ont he right side of his trunk, that appeared a couple of days ago. During a physical examination, erythematous plaques, vesicles, and groups of erosions are detected. A) contact dermatitis B) herpes zoster C) bullous impetigo D) urticaria

B) herpes zoster

What diagnostic test would you use? A 70 year old man comes tot he outpatient care unit with burning, painful rash ont he right side of his trunk, that appeared a couple of days ago. During a physical examination, erythematous plaques, vesicles, and groups of erosions are detected. A) histological examination B) histological examination and direct immunofluorescence C) the diagnosis is clinical, no further examination is required D) IgE level from blood

C) the diagnosis is clinical, no further examination is required

What treatment would you use first? A 70 year old man comes tot he outpatient care unit with burning, painful rash ont he right side of his trunk, that appeared a couple of days ago. During a physical examination, erythematous plaques, vesicles, and groups of erosions are detected. A) local corticosteroids B) per os antihistamines C) per os aciclovir D) I start treatment after the results of histological examination

C) per os aciclovir

What is the most likely diagnosis? A 54-year-old obese female patient presents to our outpatient clinic due to superficial ulcers of 3-4 cm with irregular edges that appeared on the medial-back surface of both legs a few months ago.1. A) arterial ulcer B) small vessel vasculitis C) venous ulcer D) diabetic ulcer

C) venous ulcer

What does the patient most likely complain about? A 54-year-old obese female patient presents to our outpatient clinic due to superficial ulcers of 3-4 cm with irregular edges that appeared on the medial-back surface of both legs a few months ago.1. A) she can't feel his toes B) her legs swell in the evening C) frequent nosebleeds since the onset of symptoms D) her legs hurt when she lies in bed

B) her legs swell in the evening

What test would you send the patient for? A 54-year-old obese female patient presents to our outpatient clinic due to superficial ulcers of 3-4 cm with irregular edges that appeared on the medial-back surface of both legs a few months ago.1. A) angiology B) CT-angiography C) diabetology D) immunserology

A) angiology

What is the most likely pathogen? A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department with abundant purulent fluorine. A few days earlier, he had unprotected sex with a new partner. A) Treponema pallidum B) Chlamydia trachomatis C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae D) Mycoplasma genitalium

C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae

We take a smear, what does the microscope show? A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department with abundant purulent fluorine. A few days earlier, he had unprotected sex with a new partner. A) Gram staining shows intra- and extracellular diplococci, as well as numerous neutrophil granulocytes B) Gram staining shows >10 neutrophil granulocytes per field of view C) spirochetes in native smear with dark field microscopy D) neutrophil granulocytes and extracellular cocci with methylene blue staining

A) Gram staining shows intra- and extracellular diplococci, as well as numerous neutrophil granulocytes

What treatment would you use first? A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department with abundant purulent fluorine. A few days earlier, he had unprotected sex with a new partner. A) azithromycin per os B) benzatin-penicillin G im C) doxycycin per os D) ceftriaxon im

A) azithromycin per os

What is the most likely diagnosis? 71-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents. She describes having severe headaches in the days preceding the appearance of skin lesions. The examination reveals erythematous, grouped vesicles are observed on the left side of her face, which do not extend beyond the midline. A) herpes simplex B) impetigo C) herpes zoster D) contact dermatitis

C) herpes zoster

What causes this disease? 71-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents. She describes having severe headaches in the days preceding the appearance of skin lesions. The examination reveals erythematous, grouped vesicles are observed on the left side of her face, which do not extend beyond the midline. A) reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus B) exposure to an irritative agent C) S. aureus infection D) herpes simplex infection

A) reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus

What treatment would you choose? 71-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents. She describes having severe headaches in the days preceding the appearance of skin lesions. The examination reveals erythematous, grouped vesicles are observed on the left side of her face, which do not extend beyond the midline. A) local antiseptic and antibiotic treatment B) systemic antiviral treatment C) topical steroids D) topical acyclovir

B) systemic antiviral treatment

What is the most likely diagnosis? A young female patient presents at the clinic with extensive, intensely itchy skin lesions on the elbows, knees, and gluteal region. During the examination, erythematous, grouped papules, erosions, and excoriations are observed in the mentioned areas. The patient reports recent weight loss, diarrhea, and bloating. A) scabies B) herpes simplex infection C) atopic dermatitis D) dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring

D) dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring

In which condition can the mentioned skin lesions occur? A young female patient presents at the clinic with extensive, intensely itchy skin lesions on the elbows, knees, and gluteal region. During the examination, erythematous, grouped papules, erosions, and excoriations are observed in the mentioned areas. The patient reports recent weight loss, diarrhea, and bloating. A) latent celiac disease B) filaggrin gene mutations C) immunmediated condition D) iron deficiency anemia

A) latent celiac disease

What treatment would you choose? A young female patient presents at the clinic with extensive, intensely itchy skin lesions on the elbows, knees, and gluteal region. During the examination, erythematous, grouped papules, erosions, and excoriations are observed in the mentioned areas. The patient reports recent weight loss, diarrhea, and bloating. A) 1% dimethyl phthalate and 30% benzyl benzoate emulsion B) oral iron supplementation, local acyclovir treatment C) local calcineurin inhibitors D) strict gluten-free diet, oral dapsone therapy

D) strict gluten-free diet, oral dapsone therapy

What is the most likely diagnosis? An elderly male patient presents due to a non-healing ulcer present for months. Aside from hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, no other relevant medical history is noted. During the examination, a 5 mm diameter, pearly white, centrally ulcerated papule with teleangiectatic vessels on dermoscopy is observed on the right side of his face. A) pyoderma gangrenosum B) Kaposi's sarcoma C) squamous cell carcinoma D) basal cell carcinoma

D) basal cell carcinoma

What test could be used to establish the correct diagnosis? An elderly male patient presents due to a non-healing ulcer present for months. Aside from hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, no other relevant medical history is noted. During the examination, a 5 mm diameter, pearly white, centrally ulcerated papule with teleangiectatic vessels on dermoscopy is observed on the right side of his face. A) diagnostic excision from the edge of the lesion followed by conventional histopathological examination B) complete surgical excision of the lesion followed by histopathological examination C) CT scan to exclude metastasis D) direct immunofluorescence examination

B) complete surgical excision of the lesion followed by histopathological examination

What etiological factors may play a role in the development of the disease? An elderly male patient presents due to a non-healing ulcer present for months. Aside from hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, no other relevant medical history is noted. During the examination, a 5 mm diameter, pearly white, centrally ulcerated papule with teleangiectatic vessels on dermoscopy is observed on the right side of his face. A) chronic sun exposure B) HHV8 C) G-CSF and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) D) chronic irritation

A) chronic sun exposure

Dermatology Flashcards

(178 cards)