Objective 1.7 Differentiating between common network infrastructures.

Question 1

What’s the difference between topology, architecture, and infrastructure?

Answer 1

Topology is physical/logical arrangement of network assets

Architecture is the design of network assets, the blueprint so to speak. For both hardware and software.

The implemented architecture is the infrastructure. The actual assets themselves.

Question 2

Wired Network Infrastructures

Answer 2

The first network Infrastructure is the LAN. An area of high-speed connectivity contained within a single location.

Internetwork: multiple LAN segments separated by routers.

Intranet: Resources shared internally throughout the LAN(sometimes MAN and WAN too) Sharepoint is a good example of this.

Question 3

WAN

Answer 3

Two or more LANs that use a service provider to establish network connectivity.

Business almost always leases the WAN from a service provider

Usually a good distance between sites

The internet is an example of a world wide public WAN.

Question 4

LAN

Answer 4

Typically a network where the company is responsible for day to day operations of the network assets and actively owns them. Usually contained in one location.

Question 5

MAN

Answer 5

Metropolitan Area Network

Larger internetwork that spans buildings or multiple sites in the same city

Campus Area Network

Because a service provider is involved, a MAN is really a WAN

Question 6

Medianet

Answer 6

Cisco technology built into some of their routers and switches that support quality of service(QOS) for video voice and data.

QoS Network engineers can prioritize certain types of traffic above others.

Medianet is way to deploy prioritizations to traffic. Such as reserving bandwith for videos.

Question 7

SIP

Answer 7

Defacto internet protocol for VoIP. Voice over IP. It stands for Session Initiation Protocol.

Question 8

Visualroute

Answer 8

Useful tool for visually mapping out tracert

Question 9

Wireless Network Infrastructures

Answer 9

WLAN Wireless local area network.

Very common. It’s in your own house.

Question 10

IEEE 802.11 standard

Answer 10

IEEE standard for Wi-Fi is defined under the 802.11 standard.

Question 11

Hotspot

Answer 11

Wireless access point. Receives incoming connections.

Question 12

Antenna

Answer 12

Key to WLAN design.

• Interference
• Range

Question 13

Double NAT problem

Answer 13

Network address translation problem.

Nat is when you have a private IP that is being translated to public.

The more layers of NAT you have the more overhead, so the slower the connection.

Configuring your WAP for bridge mode where it passes all incoming traffic in to the router.

Question 14

PAN

Answer 14

Personal Area Network

Special type of wireless network that uses NFC(near field communications)

Bluetooth: Short-wavelength radio-based communications; range betwween 1-100m. Line of sight not necessary.

Infdrared Data Association(IrDA) Uses light and requires line-of-sight. Remote controls for TV use this. They send a pulse of light and receiver in the tv sees it.

Question 15

Special-Purpose Network Infrastructure

ICS

SCADA

DCS

RTU

PLC

SCADA HMI

Answer 15

Industrial Control System

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

A way to aggregate data across different industrial devices and systems. Potentially across WAN’s.

Distributed Control System

Method for programming RTU/PLC

Remote Terminal Unit

Programmable Logic Controller

Human Machine Interface

Question 16

SPNI Example

Answer 16

Scada Host(Water Tank) - sensor that measures water - PLC/RTU takes data and captures it. DCS decides how long and often to take data or temps in this example - WAN transferred over a WAN - Then to a computer to view the data.