objective 6

Question 1

Division of moral philosophy that involves
the moral practices, beliefs, and standards of
individuals or groups
 Consideration and evaluation of whether
actions and intentions are deemed as “right”
or “wrong”

Answer 1

ethics

Question 2

what are ethical and nursing decision and actions typically guided by>

Answer 2

1. Ethical principles and values
    2. Professional accountabilities
    3. The law

Question 3

Branch of philosophy that deals with
what is right and wrong

Answer 3

ethics

Question 4

Code of conduct advanced and
accepted by a society, a group or an
individual

Answer 4

morality

Question 5

what are the 3 branches of ethics?

Answer 5

meta ethics
normative ethics
applied ethics

Question 6

 Occurs when a person’s values are at odds
with those of a client, colleague, or
institution.
 Describes a struggle between personal
beliefs and professional responsibilities

Answer 6

value conflict

Question 7

 Appraising one’s personal values
 Requires self-awareness and
personal insight

Answer 7

values clafification

Question 8

what are the steps to values clarification

Answer 8

 Choose beliefs from alternatives
 Prize beliefs and behaviors
 Act on the beliefs (affirm)

Question 9

why clarify values

Answer 9

 To reflect on fundamental beliefs
 To examine personal values against
professional values
 To ensure action in client’s best
interest (thus supporting clients
decisions about care)

Question 10

A situation where:
 The best course of action is
unclear
 There is a strong moral reason
to support each of several
positions
 One must choose between the
most right or the least wrong

Answer 10

ethical dilemma

Question 11

what are some bioethical dilemmas

Answer 11

Life
 Abortion
 Cloning
 Stem cell therapy
 Genetic screening
 Genetic engineering
Death
 Euthanasia
 Assisted suicide
 Withholding of food/fluids
 Terminating life-sustaining
treatments
Other issues
 Research
 Right to health care
 Allocation of resources
 Client’s right to know

Question 12

A sequence of steps used to help solve an
ethical problem or dilemma
 A nurse’s Code of ethics, organizational
policies, professional standards, and entry
level competencies documents can
guide/effect decision making

Answer 12

ethical decision making

Question 13

what are the steps in ethical decision making?

Answer 13

 1. Clarify the need.
 2. Identify all involved.
 3. Arrange a meeting.
 4. Select a facilitator or chair.
 5. Identify areas of agreement.
 6. Identify areas of disagreement.
 7. Offer resources.
 8. Seek outside advice if necessary.
 9. Make a decision.
 10. Implement the decision.

Question 14

what are responses to ethical distress?

Answer 14

awareness
refer
learn
support

Question 15

how to enhance ethical practice?

Answer 15

 Listen to others
 Explain your perspective
 Acknowledge and discuss differences
 Recommend alternatives
 Negotiate agreement

Question 16

Comprised of a group of
interdisciplinary health professionals
(eg. Nurse, physician, dietician,
pharmacist, clergy, ethicist)

Answer 16

ethics committee

Question 17

Is a recognized
difference between current and desired
conditions or gaps between “what is” and
“what should be” with an accompanying
perception that something should be
done to resolve it

Answer 17

problem solving

Question 18

Is a choice between
alternative courses of action or
interventions that are selected for
implementation to solve a problem.

Answer 18

decision

Question 19

is a comprehensive,
sequential, cognitive process used to solve a
problem by reducing the difference between
current and desired conditions

Answer 19

problem solving

Question 20

process that chooses a
preferred option or a course of actions from
among a set of alternatives on the basis of
given criteria or strategies

Answer 20

decision making

Question 21

what are 4 general modes of decision mkaing

Answer 21

 1. Scientific method
 2. The nursing process
 3. The problem-solving process
 4. The decision making process

Question 22

A rational and logical
approach. The foundation of many models
of decision making and is useful when
testing hypotheses

Answer 22

scientific method

Question 23

what are the 6 steps on the scientific method?

Answer 23

1. Identify and clarify a problem.
2. Determine the problem’s significance
   and relevance.
3. Gather data about the problem and
   it’s causes.
4. Generate hypotheses and choose
   alternatives to solve the problem.
5. Test selected alternatives.
6. Plan, Implement, and evaluate the
   effects of the selected alternatives.

Question 24

what is the nursing process

Answer 24

assessment
dx
planning
implementation
evaluation

Question 25

what are the 7 steps of the problem solving process?

Answer 25

1. Define the Problem 2. Gather Data 3. Analyze the Data 4. Develop Solutions (Decision Making) 5. Select Solutions (Decision Making) 6. Implement the Solutions 7. Evaluate the Result

Question 26

 Used when there is no clear right or wrong answer within a situation  Steps are similar to those in the rational decision-making model but ethical principles and arguments are applied throughout the intellectual-reasoning process

Answer 26

ethical decision making

Question 27

New and imaginative ideas to solve problems. Combination of divergent thinking and rational decision making

Answer 27

creative decision making

Question 28

Approach in which the health care provider (team provider) makes a decision independently and an informed approach in which the patient alone, provided with information, makes a decision

Answer 28

shared decision making

Question 29

The intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action

Answer 29

critical thinking

Question 30

Using or based on what one feels to be true even without conscious reasoning; instinctiveness.

Answer 30

intuition

Question 31

 Adopted by many areas such as nursing and management  Rational decisions are based on minimizing risks while maximizing profit  Three assumptions about individual’s preference 1. All actions can be ranked according to preference 2. All actions can be compared with other actions 3. Alternatives are independent  Has 6 steps  Rational decision making tool

Answer 31

rational decision making model

Question 32

what are the steps of rational decision making model?

Answer 32

1. Define the problem and identify goals to solve it. 2. Identify decision criteria that must be met to achieve each goal. 3. Weight (rank) the criteria according to level of importance. 4. Generate alternatives or courses of action to solve the problem. 5. Rate each alternative in its ability to satisfy each criterion. 6. Evaluate each alternative against the weighted criteria to determine the alternative with the highest total score, which is the optimal choice.

Question 33

what are factors which affect the quality of decisions?

Answer 33

individual decision biases group decision biases fallacies personal attributes

Question 34

Beliefs that appear to be correct but are found to be false when examined by logical reasoning rules

Answer 34

fallacies

Question 35

Synchronizing tasks among other HCP’s and agencies to deliver patient care in different health agencies

Answer 35

coordination

Question 36

Voluntary effort on the part of individuals to work with others to achieve common goals in a noncompetitive manner

Answer 36

cooperation

Question 37

Vital for group decision making

Answer 37

effective communication

Question 38

Task-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes that reflect a task

Answer 38

competencies

Question 39

The way team members interact and react to changing circumstances

Answer 39

team dynamics

Question 40

Technique for stimulating the creative, spontaneous, and free-flowing thoughts of individuals and teams

Answer 40

brainstorming

Question 41

Looks at problems from six different perspectives. Uses colors for the hats to represent different styles of thinking or roles of individuals.

Answer 41

6 thinking hats

Question 42

Identifies a problem, generates solutions, and establishes priorities by obtaining views on a topic and arriving at a consensus

Answer 42

normative group technique

Question 43

Study of organization’s internal strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and threats

Answer 43

SWOT analysis

Question 44

A creative approach to problem solving. Identifying strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results. More positive alternative to the SWOT analysis.

Answer 44

SOAR analysis

Question 45

are authoritative statements that define the legal and professional expectations of the LPNs practice.

Answer 45

standards of practice

Question 46

Document that describes the knowledge, skills, judgment and attitudes required of beginning practitioners to provide safe, competent and ethical nursing care

Answer 46

entry level competencies

Question 47

 Comprehensive documents intended to guide evidenced-based best practices to facilitate decision making  Designed to assist nurses and interdisciplinary team members, in partnership with clients, to make decisions about health care services and to advance standards and the quality of health care  Relevant to all health care settings

Answer 47

best practice guidelines

Question 48

 Enforce specific structures and processes that are associated with quality, safe outcomes  Rules/guidelines that govern practice in a healthcare environment  Communicate standards and expectations to employees  Organizational standards that must be followed  Based on best available evidence  Help mitigate risk by guiding employees with best practice in care delivery  Part of the decision-making process

Answer 48

employer policies