OC 19 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Class, Status and Social-Inequality
Social S____________n
-hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on wealth,
power and prestige
-structural patterns of economic inequality in society
-impacts our health, educational attainment and where we live
Class, Status and Social-Inequality
Social Stratification
-hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on wealth,
power and prestige
-structural patterns of economic inequality in society
-impacts our health, educational attainment and where we live
Class, Status and Social-Inequality
Socio-E_________c Status:
- also called “class”
- refers to one’s position in the economic hierarchy
- upper, middle, lower designations
Class, Status and Social-Inequality
Socio-Economic Status:
- also called “class”
- refers to one’s position in the economic hierarchy
- upper, middle, lower designations
Class, Status and Social-Inequality
Social Status:
-refers to one’s social position in terms of privilege and e_____m
(beyond economic station)
-may be achieved or ascribed
Class, Status and Social-Inequality
Social Status:
-refers to one’s social position in terms of privilege and esteem
(beyond economic station)
-may be achieved or ascribed
Achieved & Ascribed
Socio-Economic Status
A______d
- social mobility overall limited
e. g., our social class is generally that of our parents - that which is required to improve social status (e.g.,
education) is unavailable to those of limited means - Canada’s inheritance structure serves to maintain status quo
Achieved & Ascribed
Socio-Economic Status
Ascribed
- social mobility overall limited
e. g., our social class is generally that of our parents - that which is required to improve social status (e.g.,
education) is unavailable to those of limited means - Canada’s inheritance structure serves to maintain status quo
Achieved & Ascribed
Socio-Economic Status
A___________ status
-compared to many other countries, Canada has an open
stratification system
-based on achievement of “The [Canadian] dream”
-demonstrates that ‘anyone can make it through hard
work’ (meritocracy)
Achieved & Ascribed
Socio-Economic Status
Achieved status
-compared to many other countries, Canada has an open
stratification system
-based on achievement of “The [Canadian] dream”
-demonstrates that ‘anyone can make it through hard
work’ (meritocracy)
Intersectionality
•Class intersects with other arenas of stratification:
gender, age, immigrant status, disability and
race/ethnicity
•Aboriginal peoples, visible minorities, women, recent
immigrants, those with disabilities, lone mothers and
unattached individuals all experience disproportionate
levels of poverty in Canada
‘“layers of disadvantage”
Intersectionality
•Class intersects with other arenas of stratification:
gender, age, immigrant status, disability and
race/ethnicity
•Aboriginal peoples, visible minorities, women, recent
immigrants, those with disabilities, lone mothers and
unattached individuals all experience disproportionate
levels of poverty in Canada
‘“layers of disadvantage”
Classism
I__________l Classism
•classism on a personal or individual level
•behaviour or attitudes
•conscious & intentional; unconscious & unintentional
Classism
Individual Classism
•classism on a personal or individual level
•behaviour or attitudes
•conscious & intentional; unconscious & unintentional
Classism
Institutional Classism
•conscious or unconscious classism manifested in societal
institutions
Classism
Institutional Classism
•conscious or unconscious classism manifested in societal
institutions
Classism
Cultural Classism
•classism manifest through our cultural n___s and practices
Classism
Cultural Classism
•classism manifest through our cultural norms and practices
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self- actualization Esteem Love/belonging Safety Physiological
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self- actualization Esteem Love/belonging Safety Physiological
Measures of-Poverty
- Absolute Poverty:
- lack of basic n__________s
Measures of-Poverty
- Absolute Poverty:
- lack of basic necessities
Measures of-Poverty
- Relative Poverty:
- inadequacy compared to average living s______s
Measures of-Poverty
- Relative Poverty:
- inadequacy compared to average living s______s
Measures of-Poverty
Low Income Indices:
a) Incidence: % living below the p______y line
b) G_p Ratio: difference between a family’s actual
income and the poverty line
Measures of-Poverty
Low Income Indices:
a) Incidence: % living below the poverty line
b) Gap Ratio: difference between a family’s actual
income and the poverty line
Measures of-Poverty
Low Income Cut Off (LICO)
Defines low-income as spending _0% more than the a______e
Canadian (based on gross income) on food, shelter, clothing 9.6% of Canadians had income under the LICO in 2009
Measures of-Poverty
Low Income Cut Off
Defines low-income as spending 20% more than the average
Canadian (based on gross income) on food, shelter, clothing 9.6% of Canadians had income under the LICO in 2009
Measures of-Poverty
Market Based Measure
Estimates cost of basic goods, representing modest basic standard of living for reference family (1 m; 1 f; 2 children)
Expressed as % of families living below the MBM
MBM for Ontario in 2009 was 11%
Measures of-Poverty
Market Based Measure
Estimates cost of basic goods, representing modest basic standard of living for reference family (1 m; 1 f; 2 children)
Expressed as % of families living below the MBM
MBM for Ontario in 2009 was 11%
Low Income Measure
represents people making less than h__f the median income
LIM in Canada in 2009 was 16%
Low Income Measure
represents people making less than half the median income
LIM in Canada in 2009 was 16%
Poverty:
Over the past several years, poverty rates have
consistently hovered around +% of persons living in
families; 27% of unattached individuals
Women, unattached individuals, Aboriginal people,
persons with disabilities, immigrants, and members of
visible minorities are at high risk of poverty
Poverty:
Over the past several years, poverty rates have
consistently hovered around 9% of persons living in
families; 27% of unattached individuals
Women, unattached individuals, Aboriginal people,
persons with disabilities, immigrants, and members of
visible minorities are at high risk of poverty
Aboriginal-People
‘Poverty is significantly higher among Aboriginal peoples
•Reasons include: unemployment geographic isolation lack of education lack of opportunity poor living and health conditions e.g., majority of First Nations communities in Alberta have had water advisories over the last decade
Aboriginal-People
‘Poverty is significantly higher among Aboriginal peoples
•Reasons include: unemployment geographic isolation lack of education lack of opportunity poor living and health conditions e.g., majority of First Nations communities in Alberta have had water advisories over the last decade
Lone- ParenEEamilies
Lone-parent families represent 16% of total number of
Canadian families
Of these families, 80% were headed by m______s
21% of lone-mother-headed families live below poverty
line; 7% of lone-father-headed families live below poverty
line
Lone- ParenEEamilies
Lone-parent families represent 16% of total number of
Canadian families
Of these families, 80% were headed by mothers
21% of lone-mother-headed families live below poverty
line; 7% of lone-father-headed families live below poverty
line
People With Disabilities
'13-7% of adult Canadians report being limited in their daily activities due to a disability •Most common disabilities Pain Flexibility Mobility Mental/Psychological
People With Disabilities
'13-7% of adult Canadians report being limited in their daily activities due to a disability •Most common disabilities Pain Flexibility Mobility Mental/Psychological
People with Disability
Some persons have a disability so severe that they cannot work, but others cannot secure work for reasons not directly due to their condition:
I_________l Discrimination
e.g., non-criminal police contact reported in employment
police-check; municipal restrictions on group home locations
People with Disability
Some persons have a disability so severe that they cannot work, but others cannot secure work for reasons not directly due to their condition:
Institutional Discrimination
e.g., non-criminal police contact reported in employment
police-check; municipal restrictions on group home locations
People with Disability
Some persons have a disability so severe that they cannot work, but others cannot secure work for reasons not directly due to their condition:
E___________l Discrimination
e.g., inaccessible buildings, transportation
People with Disability
Some persons have a disability so severe that they cannot work, but others cannot secure work for reasons not directly due to their condition:
Environmental Discrimination
e.g., inaccessible buildings, transportation
People with Disability
Some persons have a disability so severe that they cannot work, but others cannot secure work for reasons not directly due to their condition:
A_________l Discrimination
based on prejudicial attitudes- discriminatory hiring practices
People with Disability
Some persons have a disability so severe that they cannot work, but others cannot secure work for reasons not directly due to their condition:
Attitudinal Discrimination
based on prejudicial attitudes- discriminatory hiring practices
New Immigrants
Many immigrants are skilled and hold university degree but
experience higher rates of poverty due to:
•foreign education/work experience less valued
•racism
•language difficulties
•cultural differences
•poor social capital (networks)
New Immigrants
Many immigrants are skilled and hold university degree but
experience higher rates of poverty due to:
•foreign education/work experience less valued
•racism
•language difficulties
•cultural differences
•poor social capital (networks)
