OCT 12 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Deviance
•Sociologists define deviance as people, behaviour and
conditions subject to social c______l
social_control: the myriad ways in which members of social groups express their d___________l of people and behaviour e.g., name-calling, ostracizing, imprisoning
•behaviour that violates norms, standards of conduct or
expectations of group/society
•behaviour that elicits moral condemnation
Deviance
•Sociologists define deviance as people, behaviour and
conditions subject to social control
social_control: the myriad ways in which members of social groups express their disapproval of people and behaviour e.g., name-calling, ostracizing, imprisoning
•behaviour that violates norms, standards of conduct or
expectations of group/society
•behaviour that elicits moral condemnation
Deviance
•Does not always involve breaking the law •e.g., 'skipping class' •Not always n\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_e •Varies by setting e.g., consuming alcohol for breakfast; wearing bathing suit in public •Varies by time e.g., smoking; doctor-assisted-suicide
Deviance
•Does not always involve breaking the law •e.g., 'skipping class' •Not always negative •Varies by setting e.g., consuming alcohol for breakfast; wearing bathing suit in public •Varies by time e.g., smoking; doctor-assisted-suicide
Normalization Deviance
“Edmonton’s first murder of the year
•paramedics at Edmonton’s raves
•slow lane on Whitemud is 89 km/hour
EPL suspends borrowing privileges after 10$ is owed
(overdue charge is 10-25 cents per day/book)
Normalization Deviance
“Edmonton’s first murder of the year
•paramedics at Edmonton’s raves
•slow lane on Whitemud is 89 km/hour
EPL suspends borrowing privileges after 10$ is owed
(overdue charge is 10-25 cents per day/book)
Power and Resistance
Conformity and Resistance
Michael F_______t (1936-1984)
-surveillance and the panopticon
-societal rules => self-regulation
Power and Resistance
Conformity and Resistance
Michael Foucault (1936-1984)
-surveillance and the panopticon
-societal rules => self-regulation
Criminality & Demographics
-behaviour that violates formal norms
•Gender:
M___s more likely to be involved in criminal behaviour
•Age
Crime rates highest among those in late-teens/early-twenties
Criminality & Demographics
-behaviour that violates formal norms
•Gender:
Males more likely to be involved in criminal behaviour
•Age
Crime rates highest among those in late-teens/early-twenties
Criminality & Demographics
‘Race and ethnicity
A________al Canadians: 24% of federal inmate population
Poorer people and people from minority groups are more likely to be involved in criminal activity-but just more likely to get caught?
Class
+correlation between inequality and crime
Criminality & Demographics
‘Race and ethnicity
Aboriginal Canadians: 24% of federal inmate population
Poorer people and people from minority groups are more likely to be involved in criminal activity-but just more likely to get caught?
Class
+correlation between inequality and crime
Crime in Canada-
Some Important Cases
David Milgaard (1969) & Karla_Homolka (early 1990s) Russell Williams Robert Latimer (1983)
Crime in Canada-
Some Important Cases
David Milgaard (1969) & Karla_Homolka (early 1990s) Russell Williams Robert Latimer (1983)
The Four Purposes of Prison
‘R___________n
•I___________n
The Four Purposes of Prison
‘Retribution
•Incapacitation
The Four Purposes of Prison
•D________e
‘R__________n
The Four Purposes of Prison
•Deterrence
‘Rehabilitation
Homicide in-Canada
•Men more likely than women to be perpetrators and
victims of homicide
•Perpetrators are usually k_____n to victim
Homicide in-Canada
•Men more likely than women to be perpetrators and
victims of homicide
•Perpetrators are usually known to victim
Homicide in-Canada
‘D____s are often involved
‘Increased access to handguns in Canada is expected to increase the murder rate Increased inequality is expected to increase the murder
rate
Homicide in-Canada
•Men more likely than women to be perpetrators and
victims of homicide
•Perpetrators are usually known to victim
Crime: Explaining-the-Decline
- A_______g population
- Increased use of surveillance technology
- Increased ‘s_____n time’
- Increased i________n
- Shift to community policing
Crime: Explaining-the-Decline
- Aging population
- Increased use of surveillance technology
- Increased ‘screen time’
- Increased immigration
- Shift to community policing
Crime: Explaining-the-Decline
•More affordable e\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_s •Decreased use of lead in gasoline •Increased access to a\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_n •More women in leadership roles Professor Frank Cormier, University of Manitoba
Crime: Explaining-the-Decline
•More affordable electronics •Decreased use of lead in gasoline •Increased access to abortion •More women in leadership roles Professor Frank Cormier, University of Manitoba
Deviant Behaviour
Sociological Theories
•Functionalist Theory Strain Theory Control Theory 'Conflict Theory Claims-Making Theory Interactionist Theory Cultural Support Theory Labeling Theory
Deviant Behaviour
Sociological Theories
•Functionalist Theory Strain Theory Control Theory 'Conflict Theory Claims-Making Theory Interactionist Theory Cultural Support Theory Labeling Theory
Strain Theory
•Robert M_______n (1910-2003)
•Deviance increases when the social structure prevents
people from achieving culturally-defined g____s
through legitimate means
This strain creates various types of deviance including
innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion
Most commonly cited theory in crime and deviance
Strain Theory
•Robert Merton (1910-2003)
•Deviance increases when the social structure prevents
people from achieving culturally-defined goals
through legitimate means
This strain creates various types of deviance including
innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion
Most commonly cited theory in crime and deviance
Strain Theory
•Robert Merton (1910-2003)
Conformity Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion
Strain Theory
•Robert Merton (1910-2003)
Conformity Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion
Control Theory
•crime occurs whenever/wherever social c________s are not strong (opportunity)
-question becomes “why don’t people deviate”
Control Theory
•crime occurs whenever/wherever social controls are not strong (opportunity)
-question becomes “why don’t people deviate”
-Broken Windows Theory
Hi_______i’s work on youth offenders
where a young person has weak bonds to conventional s_______y (e.g., through parents, teachers), they will act according to very narrow self-interests
Gottfredson’s work located crime at individual level in
low self-control
-Broken Windows Theory
Hirschi’s work on youth offenders
where a young person has weak bonds to conventional society (e.g., through parents, teachers), they will act according to very narrow self-interests
Gottfredson’s work located crime at individual level in
low self-control
Claims-Making Theory
- deviance determination is s_________y constructed
- Claims-making involves
- p__________g the problematic behaviour of others
- shaping a particular view of the problem
Claims-Making Theory
- deviance determination is socially constructed
- Claims-making involves
- publicizing the problematic behaviour of others
- shaping a particular view of the problem
Claims-Making Theory
•building consensus around new m_____l categories
•Howard Becker (1963): “Moral E__________r”
•Those who “discover” and publicize deviant conditions
•They feel disturbed by a perceived evil and work relentlessly
to eradicate it
Claims-Making Theory
•building consensus around new m_____l categories
•Howard Becker (1963): “Moral Entrepreneur”
•Those who “discover” and publicize deviant conditions
•They feel disturbed by a perceived evil and work relentlessly
to eradicate it
Claims-Making Theory-
continued
Claims-makers use r_________ communication to
persuade audiences:
•Compelling s_________s
•Link an emergent problem to problems already on the
public agenda
•Use emotionally compelling examples to typify the
seriousness and character of the threat posed by the
behaviour
Claims-Making Theory-
continued
Claims-makers use rhetorical communication to
persuade audiences:
•Compelling statistics
•Link an emergent problem to problems already on the
public agenda
•Use emotionally compelling examples to typify the
seriousness and character of the threat posed by the
behaviour
Claims-Making Theory-
continued
C__________e Perspective:
•various ethnic, religious, professional, lifestyle and cultural groups pursue their social interests and come into conflict with others
Claims-Making Theory-
continued
Conservative Perspective:
•various ethnic, religious, professional, lifestyle and cultural groups pursue their social interests and come into conflict with others
Claims-Making Theory-
continued
R_______l Perspective:
•draws upon the Marxian understanding of society
•the social construction of deviance reflects economic
realities of capitalism including class exploitation
Claims-Making Theory-
continued
Radical Perspective:
•draws upon the Marxian understanding of society
•the social construction of deviance reflects economic
realities of capitalism including class exploitation
Cultural Support Theory
Albert C___n: Cultural Support Theory considers how
cultural beliefs create and sustain deviant behaviour
deviance grows from exposure to l_______g experiences that make deviance more likely
•learning specific drives, motives, attitudes, rationalizations
•must learn how to believe that deviant behaviour is
acceptable, although many consider the behaviour repugnant
Cultural Support Theory
Albert Cohen: Cultural Support Theory considers how
cultural beliefs create and sustain deviant behaviour
deviance grows from exposure to learning experiences that make deviance more likely
•learning specific drives, motives, attitudes, rationalizations
•must learn how to believe that deviant behaviour is
acceptable, although many consider the behaviour repugnant
