[OLD] Genetics and Variation - Protein Synthesis

Question 1

STEP 1

Answer 1

DNA helicase causes the double helix to unwind.

Question 2

STEP 2

Answer 2

Free RNA nucleotides bind with their complimentary base pairs

Question 3

STEP 3

Answer 3

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and starts to move along the template strand

Question 4

STEP 4

Answer 4

A strand of pre-mRNA is formed

Question 5

STEP 5

Answer 5

The pre-mRNA is spliced to remove the introns

Question 6

STEP 6

Answer 6

The mRNA contains the expansion and is capped with a nucleotide so it will be recognised by the ribosomes

Question 7

STEP 7

Answer 7

the mRNA travels out of the nucleus via a nuclear pore

Question 8

What is transcription?

Answer 8

The production of mRNA from DNA

Question 9

What is a genome?

Answer 9

All the coding and non coding genetic material of an organism

Question 10

What is a proteome?

Answer 10

The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time

Question 11

What is an intron?

Answer 11

Non coding DNA

Question 12

What is repetitive DNA?

Answer 12

Small repeats scattered throughout the DNA between genes

Question 13

Minisatellites

Answer 13

Longer repeats found at the end of chromosomes

Question 14

What is a promoter sequence?

Answer 14

A length of DNA that contains information which controls when and where a gene is switched on

Question 15

Why is DNS longer than mRNA?

Answer 15

DNA contains introns and exons, mRNA contains only exons

Question 16

2 differences between the structures of mRNA and tRNA

Answer 16

tRNA is shorter than mRNA

mRNA doesn’t contain hydrogen bonds

Question 17

What is the difference between pre-mRNA and mRNA?

Answer 17

pre-mRNA contains introns and exons, mRNA only contains exons

Question 18

In translation, what does the ribosome read and what do they assemble?

Answer 18

The base sequence of mRNA, assembling a sequence of amino acids

Question 19

In translation, what forms between the amino acids?

Answer 19

Peptide bonds, creating a polypeptide

Question 20

In translation, how many bases are read at once?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

What is a codon?

Answer 21

A set of 3 mRNA bases

Question 22

What is a triplet?

Answer 22

A complementary codon, in the DNA from which the mRNA was transcribed

Question 23

What is an anticodon?

Answer 23

The sequence of bases on the tRNA molecule that pairs with a codon