Online Chapter: Things To Know Flashcards by Crista Chang

Management has been practiced all over the world and some examples include

Great Pyramids
Great Wall of China
Machu Picchu

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Three approaches to management practices

Classical
Behavioral
Modern

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Three people and their research under classical management

Frederick Taylor: Scientific MGMT
Max Weber: Bureaucratic Org.
Henri Fayol: Administrative Principles

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Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Principles

Develop a “science” for each job
Hire workers with right abilities
Train and motivate workers (science)
Support workers (based on science)

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What was the goal of Taylor’s research

To secure maximum prosperity for employer and employee

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Example of Taylor and Scientific MGMT

Henry Ford & Mass Production
-Assembly Line 1920’s
-Ford Plant Scientific Today
(Lifts, platforms, robotics, ergonomics, zero waste, energy efficiency etc)

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Bureaucracy

Managing from the desk

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Max Weber’s Bureaucratic Organization

Clean and division of labor 
Hierarchy of authority 
Formal rules and procedures 
Impersonal
Careers based on merit

Also where we get pyramids

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What was the goal of Max Weber and Bureaucratic Orgs.

Power=ability to coerce actions

Authority= actions taken voluntarily

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Examples of automotive people in bureaucratic structures

Him Hackett: Ford CEO
Mary Barra: GM CEO
Sergio Marchionne: Fiat/Chrysler CEO

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Example of Bureaucratic management

NASA Space Shuttle

Charles Bolden NASA Administration
partnering w private businesses

Google Lunar X Prize Moon

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Examples of non-Bureaucratic approaches to business

Space X- Elon Musk
Blue Origin- Jeff Bazos
Virgin Galactics- Richard Branson

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Henri Fayol’s Administrative Principles

Foresight/Planning 
Organization 
Command 
Coordination 
Control

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Keys of Fayol’s Administrative Principles

Scalar Principle: clear communication @ all levels of organization
Unity of command: one boss per person

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Three people and their behavioral HR approaches

Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies
Douglas McGregor: Theory X & Y
Abraham Maslow: Human Needs Theory

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Goal of HR Approaches

Productivity through a better understanding and working with people

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Where did Mayo conduct his Hawthorne studies

Western Electric: Chicago Hawthorne Works; Studies in Human Relations

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The process of management essentially comes from who

Henri Fayol

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What happened in Mayo’s study

Company working on phone systems
Done by women (6 that had to work together as a team)
Needed smaller hands so women were the best for the job (dexterity)

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What did Mayo study and what was the result

Studied
•use of economic incentives
•change physical conditions
•fostered group cohesion

Results
•no direct relationship found
•researcher attention was key
•groups have negative/ positive influence on member behavior

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Hawthorne effect

Summary of Results

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Tendency to live up to expectations

Productivity increased no matter the incentive, it was all about the attention they received

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Self Actualization Needs 
Esteem Needs 
Social Needs
Safety Needs 
Physiological Needs

Order is from bottom to top

What are Maslow’s higher order Needs

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Self actualization

Esteem

What are Maslow’s lower order Needs

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Social
Safety
Physiological

Example of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Hunger Games - Katniss demonstrates lots of leadership - first need to get hold of supplies (physical) - how does she stay safe from the others that want her out (safety) - forming bonds w/ peter Mellark and others (social) - known as great hunter, respect from those around her (esteem) - used what she was good at to succeed (self-actualization)

Two parts of self-actualization/ definition

Progression principle Deficit principle Doing what you’re good at and sing your skills at the highest level and impacting others at the same time

Progression principle

Lower order Needs need to be met before reaching the top

Deficit principle

Once a level has been achieved it won’t further motivate you

Maslow applied in management speaks to

Employees

Maslow applied to marketing speaks to

Customers

Bringing new people in and having groups where you have people that you can connect with

On boarding

Word for Theory X

Directive

Word for Theory Y

Participative

Theory X management worker characteristics

``` Dislike work Lack ambition Follow not lead Resist change Irresponsible ```

Theory Y MGMT worker characteristics

``` Willing to work Capable/ creative Self-controlled Self-directed Responsible ```

Keys of Theory X & Y

Reflects ways managers manage today Practically- a mix of both approaches used Using both leads to better management

Example of McGregor’s Theory X & Y

The office w/ Steve Carroll USAA General Manager: passionate & humble •if we can motivate people we get a better outcome

Modern Approaches to Management

Operations and Management Science Customer Driven Open Systems Contingency Thinking Quality/Evidence Based MGMT

Operations and Management Science is

``` Business Analytics (Big Data) Understanding Data ```

Examples of Operations and MGMT Science

``` Network models Forecasting Inventory analysts Queuing Theory Linear programming ```

Example of Queuing Theory (operations and mgmt science)

``` Walmart (how long are people willing to wait in line) Disney parks (change of line experience so people deferred from wait time) Guardians of the Galaxy Disneyland (lines are visually rich) ```

Customer Driven Open Systems

Inputs (People, Money, Materials, Technology, information) Work=Resource To Outputs Outputs(finished goods, completed services) Customer feedback loops to inputs

What is feedback

A warning that organizations need to change and do things better in the future

Zara Case and which modern approach does it use

``` 2000+ stores in 87 countries Operations mgmt keys -two week design cycle -design initiator -attractive price points ```

Contingency Thinking (def and example)

What if’s; tries to match practices with situational demands Ex/ space business

Quality/ Evidence Based Management

Managing w/ an organization wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality and customer needs

Six Sigma

Process improvement

Lean principles

Reduction in waste (every kind)

Four examples of quality/evidence based management

Quality MGMT Six Sigma Lean Principle High Performance Orgs.

Gap Analysis

Way to manage any project Current State (where we are now) vs. future state (where we want to be) Perform Gap Analysis to determine steps needed to get to desired future state

Online Chapter: Things To Know Flashcards

(50 cards)