OP phy geo Flashcards

Question

25.Which planet is known as big as Earth in our solar system?(A) Mercury (B) Mars (C) Venus (D) Pluto

Answer 1

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2011) Exp: Venus has the similar size as that of Earth. It is also known as Earth's twin or 'sister planet'.

Answer 2

(A) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: Venus and Mercury have orbits that are smaller than Earth's, both exhibit phases like Moon due to changing shapes of shadowed region. Galileo first noticed this phenomenon through his telescope.

Answer 3

(B) (SSC CPO 2015) Exp: Umbra & Penumbra are the two parts in which Earth's shadow is divided during solar or lunar eclipse.

Answer 4

(A) (SSC MTS 2008) Exp: Sun which is also a star is the nearest star to Earth. besides Sun, Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to the solar system.

Answer 5

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Due to elliptical path, distance of Earth from Sun keeps changing. It is nearest to Sun on 3rd January known as Perihelion.

Answer 6

(C) (SSC CGL 2010) Exp: Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to the solar system.

Answer 7

(A) (SSC CPO 2006) Exp: The surface temperature of Sun is 6000ºC while its core's temperature is 15 million centigrade.

Answer 8

(C) Exp: Outermost layer of the Sun is Corona. It is visible only during solar eclipses as plumes of burning gases from the sides of Moon are seen when total solar Eclipse occurs.

Answer 9

(C) (SSC Tax Asst 2006) Exp: Nuclear reactions are of 2 types: Nuclear fission & Nuclear Fusion. In Fission reaction heavy nucleus breaks into two or more parts whereas in fusion reaction small nuclei combine to form bigger nucleus releasing tremendous energy.

Answer 10

(B) (SSC CGL 2010) Exp: To acertain the age of rocks or carbon or fossils, this method is used as every substance contains certain amount of radio active carbon which depletes with time.

Answer 11

(C) (SSC CPO 2006) Exp: It appears red because its surface contains iron oxide due to which it reflects red colour hence being called so. It is 4th planet from Sun.

Answer 12

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: India launched a space probe on 5 Nov. 2013 named Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) also called as Mangalyaan for Mars. It is orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014.

Answer 13

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2011) Exp: As two third of the area of Earth is covered by water, it appears blue from sky and that is why it is also known as Blue Planet.

Answer 14

(B)Exp: Speed of light is given as 3×108 m/s equivalent to 3,00,000 km per second. The average distance of Earth from Sun is 150,000,000 kms. So, time taken by light to reach Earth is Time = Distance Speed Time = 150000000 300000 = 500 sec = 8min. 20 sec.

Answer 15

(B) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2011) Exp: Synchronous satellite is an artiticial satellite moving in circular orbit round the Earth in 24 hours duration along with the rotatory movement of Earth i.e. west to east.

Answer 16

(C) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: This phenomenon occurs in summer months in places north of Arctic or south of Antarctic circle when Sun is visible in this region during mid night hours also.

Answer 17

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2011) Exp: This phenomenon occurs in summer months in places north of Arctic or south of Antarctic circle when Sun is visible in this region during mid night hours also.

Answer 18

"(A) (SSC CGL Exam, 2010) Exp: ""MESSENGER"" was a robotic spacecraft sent by NASA. It orbitted around Mercury. The acronym stands for Mercury Surface Space Environment, Geochemistry & Ranging referring to Roman mythological messenger MERCURY."

Answer 19

(C) (SSC Tax Asst. 2007, MTS 2006) Exp: Moon takes around 27 days to revolve around the Earth, whereas it takes as many days to complete one spin on its axis. Hence, we see only one side of the Moon.

Answer 20

(B) (SSC (10+2)2014) Exp: The darkest portion during eclipse is umbra. In this zone Sun is totally eclipsed. During solar eclipse, Moon's umbra shadow is about 267 km wide on Earth & lasts for about 7.5 minutes.

Answer 21

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Low tides are 20% lower than normal tides.

Answer 22

(C) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: Tides are rising & falling sea levels caused due to gravitational pull of both Sun & Moon.

Answer 23

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2011) Exp: Tides are rising & falling sea levels caused due to gravitational pull of both Sun & Moon.

Answer 24

(B) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2015) Exp: At full Moon & new Moon the Earth, Sun & Moon are aligned in straight line i.e. 180º whereas during half Moon, Moon is aligned at 90º to the Earth-Sun alignment. In 1st case high tides occur due to combined effect of Sun & Moon. In IInd case low tides occur due to distorted effect of divided gravitational forces of Sun & Moon.

Answer 25

(A) (SSC CGL 2008) Exp: A non radioactive isotope found in huge amounts on the Earth.

Answer 26

(A) (SSC CPO Exam, 2006) Exp: The tilt of Earth on its axis is 23.5° which is also responsible for changing of seasons.

Answer 27

(B) (SSC CGL (Teir-1) 2015) Exp: Earth rotates one full spin on its axis in 23 hrs. 56 min 4.9 sec.

Answer 28

(C) (SSC FCI Exam, 2012) Exp: Rotation is the movement (spin) of Earth on its axis. The portion of Earth facing Sun is day and the portion which is away from Sunlight is night. Hence day and night occur due to rotation.

Answer 29

(D) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2015) Exp: Equator (0ºL) is a latitude which cuts Earth in two equal hemispheres. The days and nights remain equal here throughout the year.

Answer 30

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2011) Exp: The stars larger than Sun end their life with an event of supernova. The explosion occurs and then they shrink to such an extent that they diffuse all gases present in them. The gravity in such condition becomes so strong that even passing by light can't escape from it.

Answer 31

(D) (SSC CPO 2011, SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Radius of Earth is about 6371 km. So, circumference is = 2 r = 40000 km (approx).

Answer 32

(D) (SSC (10+2) Exam, 2015) Exp: Earth Hour event started simply as light off event in Sydney Australia in 2007. Organized by World Wide Fund for nature (WWF), it has become a world wide movement. Communities world over are encouraged to turn off non essential lights for an hour i.e. 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm. towards end of March, symbolizing human commitment towards Earth.

Answer 33

(A) (SSC MTS Exam, 2011) Exp: 3 Geo-synchronous satellites are required for uninterrupted world broadcasting.

Answer 34

(C) (SSC CPO 2003, CGL 2001, 2008) Exp: UV rays stands for Ultra Violet rays. These rays are harmful rays as they cause cancer to hum In the stratospheric layer of Earth there is a high concentration of Ozone (O3) which shields the Earth against such rays by absorbing them.

Answer 35

(A) (SSC CGL (T -1) 2011, Sec. off 2007, Tax Asst. 2008-09) Exp: The lowest layer of atmosphere is Troposphere. All the weather activities occur in this layer. Air is highly mixed up. As the altitude increases the temperature decreases i.e. adiabatic lapse rate (1ºC for every 165m) occurs.

Answer 36

(B) (SSC MTS 2001, (10+2) 2015) Exp: All the weather activities (meteorological) occur in tropospheric belt of atmosphere. It extends till the altitude of 16 km from Earth crust. (0 to 8) km near poles & (0 to 16) km near equator.

Answer 37

(C)Exp: There are 5 layers of atmosphere. They are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere & exosphere. The nearest one is troposphere which extends from Earth's surface to 16 km in altitude.

Answer 38

(D) [SSC CGL 2016, SSC Tax Asst. 2008] Exp: With 78.09% of total composition, nitrogen is the gas found maximum in lower atmosphere.

Answer 39

(C) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: The atmosphere of the Earth is mostly composed of Nitrogen gas as it is the most important constituent in the mixture of gases. It constitutes about 78% in Earth's atmosphere.

Answer 40

(C) (SSC FCI Exam, 2012) Exp: Troposphere is the nearest atmospheric layer to Earth extending (0 to 8) km in altitude at poles & (0 to 16) km in altitude at equator.

Answer 41

(B) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: The layers of Earth from top to bottom are • Exosphere • Thermosphere • Mesosphere • Stratosphere • Troposphere

Answer 42

(D) (SSC 10+2 2011) Exp: The layers of Earth from top to bottom are • Exosphere • Thermosphere • Mesosphere • Stratosphere • Troposphere

Answer 43

(D) (SSC 10+2 DEO, LCD 2011, SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 44

(A) (SSC CGL Tier I 2013) Exp: Ionosphere is the IInd layer of the atmosphere from the top. It is ionized by solar & cosmic radiations & consists of elements in ionic state. Thus it reflects back radio waves.

Answer 45

(D) (SSC 10+2 2012) Exp: As we go upwards altitude wise, the density of gases gets reduced. They seldomly occur till the altitude of 300km.

Answer 46

"(D) (SSC MTS 2000, 2001, (10+2) 2012) Exp: The heat and light which Earth recieves from Sun is insolation which stands for ""incoming solar radiations"". The radiations transmitted from Sun's body are solar radiations as solar stands for Sun."

Answer 47

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: As Ionosphere is one of the upper most layers, the solar and cosmic radiations heat it up rapidly, the gaseous material available here is in ionic state. Hence temperature increases rapidly.

Answer 48

(C) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2011) Exp: During the daytime the solar radiations heat up the surface of the Earth, hence it starts radiating heat back to the atmosphere. The layer of air in contact with its surface gets heated up through process of conduction & then this heat is transferred vertically upwards by convection and horizontally by advection.

Answer 49

(B) (SSC CPO 2009) Exp: Ozone is the layer in Stratosphere with in atmosphere. It shields Earth from harmful UV rays of Sun. But, due to pollution and continuous exposure to green house gases a hole has developed in Ozone above Antarctica near South Pole.

Answer 50

(C) (SSC MTS 2011) Exp: Ozone lies in stratosphere, the width of stratosphere extends from the height of 10 km to the height of 50km above Earth surface. Stratosphere is the second layer after troposphere.

Answer 51

(B) (SSC CPO 2012) Exp: As the Earth gets heated up, it starts radiating heat energy itself. Hence, the atmospheric layers above it gets heated increasing the temperature. As the gases (air) get heated they expand and rise which reduces the pressure.

Answer 52

(B) (SSC Sec. off 2006) Exp: As Earth takes 24 hours to complete one spin on its axis i.e. in travelling 360º. for 1 hour = Total degrees(Longitudes) Totaltime taken 1 hour = 360º 24 = 15º i.e. 60 minutes = 15º for 1º = 60minutes 15º = 4 minutes.

Answer 53

(A) (SSC MTS 2013, CPO 2004) Exp: Equinoxes occur twice in a year. The day and night on this day are equal through out the globe as the Sun is exactly above the equator on this day. This phenomenon occuring on 21 March is Spring equinox and other occuring on 23 September is Autumnal Equinox as the Sun is heading towards Tropic of Capricorn.

Answer 54

(B) (SSC CPO Exam, 2009) Exp: Equator is 0º latitude (Great Circle) which divides the Earth into two equal hemispheres. It is equidistant from both North Pole and South Pole.

Answer 55

(D) (SSC Tax Asst 2007, MTS 2011, MTS 1999, 2001-02) Exp: International Date Line passes through Pacific Ocean roughly following 180º longitude dividing Earth into 2 equal halves (Eastern and Western Hemispheres). Its location is halfway from Prime Meridian (0º Longitude).

Answer 56

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Also known as the 'Belt of Calm' is the region between 30º-35ºN and 30º-35ºS latitudes. It is also the region of High Pressure Subtropical Belt.

Answer 57

(A) (SSC CGL Exam, 2010) Exp: Due to bulge at the Equator, the poles are nearer to the centre of Earth hence gravity here is maximum whereas equator being far from Earth's centre has minimum gravity when compared to poles. Weight of same person at poles appears to be more than what it is at equator.

Answer 58

"(B) (SSC (10+2) 2012) Exp: The 23 º 1 2 N latitude is termed as ""Tropic of Cancer"", it passes through India, Bangladesh and Myanmar leaving apart Pakistan. The southern most latitude of Pakistan is about 24º N latitude."

Answer 59

(B) (SSC (10+2), 2014) Exp: Equator is 0º latitude which divides Earth exactly into two equal hemispheres. Mexico lies in the Northern Hemisphere with its Southern most latitude being about 23ºN.

Answer 60

(B) (SSC Data Entry Operator Exam, 2009) Exp: Contours are closed loops which show places at similar elevation.

Answer 61

(C) (SSC MTS 2008) Exp: Explained above.

Answer 62

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: The elevations and depressions which represent hills and valleys are shown by shading rather than using Contour lines alone in the relief maps.

Answer 63

(A) (SSC CGL 2005) Exp: An imaginary line connecting places which have similar amount of cloudiness for a given period of time is, Isoneph.

Answer 64

(A) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: Isobar is an imaginary line connecting places which have similar atmospheric pressure.

Answer 65

(A) (SSC CGL Exam, 2005) Exp: Isohyet is an imaginary line connecting the places with similar amount of rainfall. Hence, option A is wrongly matched.

Answer 66

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2010, CPO 2003) Exp: The places which have similar temperature are connected by imaginary line known as Isotherm.

Answer 67

(D) (SSC CPO 2009) Exp: Isohyets are imaginary lines connecting places of equal rainfall.

Answer 68

(D) (SSC (10+2) Exam, 2015) Exp: A 3 dimensional system locating point on Earth's surface from its centre. There are 2 co-ordinate values for a point: latitude and longitude.

Answer 69

(A) (SSC CPO 2004, CGL 2008, 2010) Exp: Cartography is the study and practise of map making. The one who draws map is called cartographer.

Answer 70

(B) (SSC MTS Exam, 2013) Exp: Alignment of lines on two dimensional figure to accomodate even the larger surface areas of a globe on two dimensional world map showing areas of countries proportional to that on the globe.

Answer 71

(A) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: Planimeter called platometer, it is an instrument used to measure an area of two dimensional shapes. eg. Area of maps.

Answer 72

(A)Exp: They emphasize on a particular theme or topic such as average rain, climatic condition, pressure in particular months etc. These are different from general maps.

Answer 73

(C) (SSC CPO 2012) Exp: The word lithosphere is made up of two words i.e. litho and sphere. 'Litho' means crust (rock) solid. Thus the term 'Lithosphere' signifies Earth's crust.

Answer 74

(C) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Due to subduction of rocks to lower levels of Earth's crust they experience high temperature and high pressure due to which their formation and structure changes as they recrystalline.

Answer 75

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2012) Exp: Granite rocks are changed to Gneiss during metamorphism as they get structurally re-aligned due to intense heating (high temperature) and pressure.

Answer 76

(A) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2015) Exp: Being igneous, granite rocks do not get weathered easily. They are highly resistant to erosion. They contain great amount of silica, hence shows standing quartzite zone.

Answer 77

(B) (SSC MTS 2008) Exp: Gneiss is formed by metamorphism of quartz, feldspar and granite whereas schist is formed through metamorphism of shale.

Answer 78

(C) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2014) Exp: Extrusive rocks are formed when magma comes out from below the surface of Earth as lava and solidifies on it. All the given rock forms are extrusive.

Answer 79

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Most of the Earth's Crust is formed of SiAl and SiMa i.e. (Silica, Aluminium and Silica Magnesium) composition. Both of these rock types are granitic in nature being of igneous formation (origin).

Answer 80

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Igneous rocks forming below the Earth's surface at some depth due to cooling of magma are abyssal igneous rocks. e.g. Granite.

Answer 81

(D) (SSC CGL 2005) Exp: Metamorphism is a process in which a rock recrystallises due to intense heat and pressure. Shale is a sedimentary rock which metamorphoses into slate.

Answer 82

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Shield is the region of stable landmass occupied by resistant rocks of igneous origin, showing resistant to geomorphic processes. e.g. Canadian Shield.

Answer 83

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Atmosphere contains particles and gases which donot escape to outer space because they are bounded by the force known as Gravity.

Answer 84

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The layer of atmosphere composed of ionic gaseous molecules helping in propagation of radio waves is Ionosphere. It is the IInd layer from the top. It ranges from 60km. to 1000km. It also protects Earth from meteorites.

Answer 85

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: On 4th July, Earth is farthest from Sun and this phenomenon is called Aphelion. This happens because Earth orbits round the Sun elliptically.

Answer 86

Ans (C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: IInd largest dwarf planet of our solar system is Eris, Neptune is a planet, Titan is satellite of Saturn and Hydra is Pluto's Moon.

Answer 87

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Equinox consists of two words 'Equi' and 'Nox'. Equi stands for 'equal' and Nox stands for 'night' i.e. equal nights. The days when the Sun is vertically above the Equator, the days and nights are equal throughout the globe i.e. 21st March and 23rd September.

Answer 88

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Abundantly found on Earth's Crust, Alumimium by weight is 8.1% (approx). Configuration of most abundant elements of Earth's crust: Oxygen (O) 46.6% Silicon (Si) 27.7% Aluminium (Ai) 8.1% Iron (Fe) 5.0% Calcium (Ca) 3.6% Sodium (Na) 2.8% Pottasium (K) 2.6% Magnesium (Mg) 1.5%

Answer 89

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp:- When Sun's centre of axis passes through Earth's equator it is said to be vertically above it. This happens twice a year and phenomenon is termed as Equinox. The dates are 21 March (Vernal Equinox) and 23 September (Autumnal Equinox).

Answer 90

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: It is a primary sedimentary rock composed of calcium and magnesium aligned with carbonate, CaMg(CO3) 2.

Answer 91

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Corona is the outermost layer of Sun's atmosphere and can only be seen during total solar eclipse. Its temperature is about 500,000 K.

Answer 92

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: One of the uppermost layers of the atmosphere where the free electrons and gases in ionic stages are found & it is the warmest as it is readily heated by solar raditions.

Answer 93

(B) (SSC - Sec. Off. 1997) Exp: The difference between high tide & low tide at a given place is about 12 hrs. 26 min. because some time still is taken by the some place to come under Moon as both star & Moon are moving while rotating on their respective axes.

Answer 94

(B) Exp: It is the availability of water due to which life is possible on Earth. It is the essential for biotic and abiotic activities. It is available in 3 forms - solid (ice) liquid gas (water vapour)

Answer 95

(C) (SSC- CGL - 2007) Exp: The experiment of watching two Sunsets i.e. (Sun going below horizon), ones by laying down on ground and another by standing and recording the time between two Sunsets by stopwatch. This time helps in measuring the distance travelled by Earth which in turn helps measuring the angle by which Earth has moved. Once the angle is available it is easy to measure radius of Earth.

Answer 96

(B) (SSC- CPO- 2009) Exp: Equator is the 0° latitude passing through the middle of Earth where Sun's rays fall vertically, dividing Earth into 2 equal hemispheres i.e. Northern Hemisphere & Southern Hemisphere.

Answer 97

(C) (SSC- CML - 2000) Exp: Venus is the brightest planet of solar system visible during Evening & Morning in the Sky. Hence termed as Evening & Morning Star.

Answer 98

(C) Exp: The surface of Mars is made up of iron oxide which gives it reddish appearance when Sunlight falls on it. Hence, it looks reddish during night sky.

Answer 99

(C) (SSC- 10+2 DEO & LCD - 2011) Exp: Venus is nearly as big as the Earth. As it is very similar to Earth in terms of size, average density, mass, & surface gravity. It is also known as Earth's twin.

Answer 100

(D) (SSC- CGL- 2013) Exp: Venus is the hottest planet of the solar system. Its atmosphere is mostly composed of (CO2) carbon dioxide which keeps it warm due to Greenhouse Effect. The days time temperature on surface of Venus can reach up to 464°C

Answer 101

(A) (SSC MTS 2013, 2008, SSC- CGL - 2014) Exp: The speed of light is given as 3×108 m/s. Sunlight is the light from Sun, i.e. The photons released from Sun travelling through vacuum & reaching our eyes. It takes 8 min 20 sec (approx) for Sunlight to reach Earth. Closest ans is option (A).

Answer 102

(B) (SSC- GL- 2014) Exp: Solar eclipse occurs when the Sun is eclipsed by the Moon and the Moon's shadow falls on Earth. There could be partial as well as total Solar Eclipse. Complete blockage of Sunlight by the Moon leads to total solar eclipse.

Answer 103

(B) (SSC- CHSL, DEO & LDC - 2014) Exp: Umbra occurs when Moon completely covers (Eclipses) the Sun & block its light from reaching the Earth. It is the zone on which the darkest shadow appears due to complete blockage of Sunlight.

Answer 104

(A) (SSC- Section Off. 1997) Exp: 180° longitude which is passing through the Bering Strait is also termed as the 'International Date Line' as the date changes through out the globe when this imaginary line is crossed by Sun after 24 hours. When we move towards west from 'IDC' the day is lost & when we move towards east the day is gained.

Answer 105

(D) Exp: The region above & below Arctic (66 1/2 °N) circle & Antarctic circle (66 1/2°) respectively has the Sun above horizon for 24 hours during summer months because of Earth's tilt.

Answer 106

(A) (SSC- CPO. 2006) Exp: Earth is inclined at an angle of 23.5° from its vertical plane. Due to this inclination, the change in seasons occur on Earth.

Answer 107

(C) (SSC Sect. Offi. 2008) Exp: Moon takes 27 days (approx.) to rotate on its axis as well as to revolve round the Earth. Hence, to observers it appears to be in a standstill mode with no movement at all as they can see only one side of it.

Answer 108

(A) (SSC CGL- 2010) Exp: The acceleration due to gravity at equator is about 9.76 m/s² & at poles it is 9.82 m/s² This happens due to bulge at equator because of which distance of equator from Earth's centre is more as compared to poles.

Answer 109

(A) (SSC CGL 2016, SSC CML- 2000) Exp: Earth's orbit around the Sun is not at constant distance, it is variable & keeps changing. Earth comes nearest to Sun on 3rd January & goes farthest from Sun on 4 July.

Answer 110

(D) (SSC CML- 2001) Exp: Survey of India is the National Survey and Mapping Organisation of country under Dept. Of Science & Technology. It is oldest Scientific Department of Govt. of India. It is responsible for publishing topographical sheets.

Answer 111

(D) (SSC CML- 2001) Exp: Barysphere is the inner most layer of Earth as it denotes the core. This layer lies below lithosphere, asthenosphere & mantle.

Answer 112

(C) (SSC CML- 2006) Exp: Isohypse is an imaginary line connecting points (places) at equal heights & equal barometric pressures which is similar to contours which connects places of equal height.

Answer 113

(B) (SSC CML- 2006) Exp: GMT stands for Greenwich Meantime Meridian. It is an imaginary line from North pole to South pole considered 0° longitude & passes from Royal Greenwich Observatory of London, England.

Answer 114

(A) (SSC CML 2006) Exp: Isohels are the imaginary lines connecting places where Sunlight falls for same duration & isopleths are the imaginery lines connecting places with equal incidence of meteorological phenomenon. So, Sunlights' observed duration would remain equal at places where the Sun can be observed equally.

Answer 115

(B) (SSC DEO 2009) Exp: Imaginary lines joining places of same height at equal intervals are contour lines. These are the closed loops used to showcase the similar height point.

Answer 116

(C) (SSC - DEO- 2011) Exp: Due to gravitational effect of Sun & Moon on Earth, the water in the oceans tends to rise causing tides in nearby coastal areas.

Answer 117

"(B) (SSC - MTS- 2013) Exp: The latitude of 23.5° is called ""Tropic of Cancer"" It passes through Myanmar, Bangladesh, China except Nepal. The lowest latitude of Nepal is beyond 26°N."

Answer 118

(A) (SSC - DEO, LDC- 2014) Exp: Majority of Earth's crust is composed of igneous rock with about 90% of share. The sial & sima i.e. silica alumina & silica magnesium respectively are igneous rock types.

Answer 119

(B) (SSC - CGL 1999) Exp: Because of the rotation of Earth from west to east, the winds are deflected towards right in the Northern hemisphere & towards left in the Southern hemisphere. This is also known as Coriollis Effect.

Answer 120

(C) (FCI Assi. Grat- III - 2012) Exp: As the gases such as water vapour near the equator expands thermally reach higher altitudes upto a height of about 16 km whereas near poles they rise about 8 km, hence, defining the upper limits of troposphere.

Answer 121

(A) (SSC - CML 2001) Exp: As the lowest layer of atmosphere comprises of even the heaviest of the gases which can't rise above a marginal level due to their mass, the air density at this level remains maximum. This layer is known as Troposphere.

Answer 122

(B) (SSC - Graduate Level Tier- 2013) Exp: Exosphere is the farthest layer of atmosphere from Earth's surface, it is located beyond thermosphere. It extends from the height of about 600 km to about 10000 km.

Answer 123

(D) (SSC - CGL 2005) Exp: Shale is metamorphosed into slate. When shale goes through high temperature & pressure during regional metamorphism it becomes slate.

Answer 124

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016, SSC CGL 2017) Exp: When limestone gets subjected to extreme heat & pressure, it recrystallises to form marble through metamorphosis.

Answer 125

(A) (SSC - Tax Assistant -2006) Exp: Dolomite is primary sedimentary rock. It chemical composition is CaMg(Co 3)2.After the process of metamorphism it becomes dolomitic marble.

Answer 126

(B) (SSC - Section Officer- 2006) Exp: The word 'granite' is formed from a Latin word 'granum' which means 'grains ' It is intrusive igneous rock formed in pink, white or gray color.

Answer 127

(D) (SSC - CGL - 2007) Exp: Mohorovicic Discontinuity lies between Crust & Mantle, the word 'discontinuity' used here represents the (region) where seismic waves change velocity.

Answer 128

(C) (SSC - CAPFs SI and CISF ASI - 2013) Exp: Sandstone is an example of sedimentary rock which when subjected to extreme heat & pressure recrystallises to form quartzite, a metamorphic rock.

Answer 129

(B) (SSC 10+2, Level DEO & LDC 2013) Exp: Breaking down of rocks in situ means breaking down of rocks in place having no movement. The breaking of rocks is known as weathering

Answer 130

(D) (SSC - CGL - 2013) Exp: Arkose is a type of sands-tone with about 25% feldspar. It is a type of sedimentary rock composed of rock fragments.

Answer 131

(B) Exp: Coal is organic type of sedimentary rock. As it is made up of the fossils of organic matter (organisms) which got burried under Earth's crust thousands of years ago.

Answer 132

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is Nitrogen. It conststs of 78.084% part of atmosphere.

Answer 133

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: We know India lies in the Northern Hemisphere as it lies above the Equator. The shortest day in the Northern Hemisphere is on December 22nd, when the Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn.

Answer 134

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Magnetic meridian is an equivalent imaginary line connecting the magnetic south and north poles and can be taken as the horizontal component of magnetic force.

Answer 135

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Barysphere is central part of the Earth beneath the lithosphere.

Answer 136

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Silicate Perovskite is the term given to (Mg, Fe) SiO3 (also known as bridgmanite) as we know Silica is the most abundant mineral on Earth. Silica is very useful material for chip designing.

Answer 137

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The colour of a star mostly indicates temperature and it can also suggest the star's age. Astronomers have long used star's colour and have created a classification system called Spectral Classes.

Answer 138

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: A solar eclipse is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon comes in between the Sun and Earth, and Moon fully (or) partially blocks the Sunlight. Total Solar Eclipse

Answer 139

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Earth is about 4.5 billion years old but the first evidence of life appears to be around 3.8 to 3.5 billion years old. First life form on Earth was bacterial one and survived in highly toxic environment.

Answer 140

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp. List I List II Selenology Study of Moon Cosmology Study of Universe Iridology Study of Iris Planetology Study of Planets

Answer 141

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: The brightest star system outside the Solar System is Sirius. It is the brightest star in the Earth's night sky and is also known as Dog Star.

Answer 142

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Latitudes are parallel imaginary lines on Earth used to measure angular distances. These are useful in determining the locations on Earth's surface. The distance between two adjacent latitude lines is always equal to 60 nautical miles which is approximately equal to 111 km.

Answer 143

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Marble is a metamorphic form of limestone. Metamorphic is the process of change of structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure, heat or introduction of other chemical substances.

Answer 144

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: The border between USA and Canada is formed by 49th parallel. This is the longest terrestrial border among the given options. The length of border between USA and Canada is 8,891 km.

Answer 145

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Continetal Drift theory was proposed by Alfred wegner in 1912. It stated that continents have changed their position and initially there was only one big contient named Pangea. Although he was unable to explain the force behind the drifting of continents.

Answer 146

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: As the radius of Earth is 6400km so circumfrence of Earth (2pr) should approximately be around 40000km.

Answer 147

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Sandford Fleming, a Canadian engineer invented the Universal Standard Time.

Answer 148

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Sidereal year is the time taken by the Earth in orbiting around the Sun taking stars as reference frame. A sidereal year is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes & 10 seconds.

Answer 149

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: The first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth was Eratosthenes. He was a greek mathematician, geographer, and poet.

Answer 150

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Aurora is a light display phenomenon which often takes place in the polar regions. In this phenomenon electrons collide with upper atmosphere of Earth and when they cool down they release energy in the form of light. In Northern hemisphere it is called Aurora Borealis and in Southern hemisphere they are called Aurora Australlis.

Answer 151

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Neptune has 13 Moons and Triton is the largest among them. It is believed that Triton was Captured by Neptune's gravity from Kuiper Belt.

Answer 152

"(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: The main constituents of Earth's continental mass are water, silica and alumina and that is why the upper portion is generally termed as ""SIAL""."

Answer 153

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Granite is plutonic igneous rock having crystalline texture and is mainly composed of feldspar, mica and quartz. The metamorphic form of Granite is Gneiss.

Answer 154

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Although the radius of Earth is 6400 Km the radius of core is regarded as 3400Km and further the radius of inner core is up to 1220Km.

Answer 155

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Magnetopause is a boundary line between Earth's magnetic field and solar wind. Solar winds forms the part of outer space whereas Earth's atmosphere exists up to magnetic field of Earth.

Answer 156

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: The Gravitational Force at poles is maximum (9.8) m/s2 whereas at equator it is 9.7m/s2. This difference is due to effect of equatorial bulge.

Answer 157

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Marble is a metamorphosed form of Limestone. The marble rock is composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals like Calcite or Dolomite.

Answer 158

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Pluto is considered as a dwarf planet. This is called so because it has not cleared its neighbourhood around its orbit. International Astronomic Unit declared it a Dwarf Planet in 2006.

Answer 159

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock mainly composed of Quartz or Feldspar. When metamorphosed Sandstone changes to Quartzite.

Answer 160

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: The boundary between the Earth's Crust and Mantle is referred to as Mohorovicic or simply Moho discontinuity. It lies 35Km below continents & 7 Km beneath oceanic crust.

Answer 161

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Uranus is the only planet in our solar system whose rotational axis is tilted by 98 degrees. Due to highly tilted axis it appears that Uranus rolls instead of rotation.

Answer 162

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: 4 minutes is the difference of time between any two consecutive longitudes

Answer 163

(A) (SSC - Tax Assistant -2005) Exp: Equator is an imaginary line passing through 0° latitude. This imaginary line divides the Earth in two hemispheres i.e. the Northern hemisphere and the Southern hemisphere.

Answer 164

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Latitude is an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the Equator. It is the angular distance of a point on Earth's surface from Equator.

Answer 165

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: List I List II 0° longitude Prime Meridian 0° latitude Equator 23.5° North Tropic of Cancer 23.5° South Tropic of Capricorn

Answer 166

(B) (SSC CPO 2016) Exp: Geographically, Longitude refers to imaginary lines running vertically on the globe that bisect it through the North and the South Poles. Longitudes are angular distances measured from the Prime Meridian.

Answer 167

(A) (SSC - Tax Assistant -2005) Exp: Winter Solstice is the day on which Sun shines directly above the Tropic of Capricorn. Although, normally the date is 22nd December, but as per question the closest option available is 21st December.

Answer 168

(C) (SSC MTS Exam 2005) Exp: Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate on its axis whereas it takes 224.7 Earth days to revolve round the Sun.

Answer 169

(B) (SSC MTS Exam 2003) Exp: In astronomy solar mass is considered standard unit of mass. It indicates masses of the stars & galaxies.

Answer 170

(D) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: List I List II Prime Meridian Longitude (0°) Tropic of Cancer Latitude (23.5°) Equator Latitude (0°)

Answer 171

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Lunar eclipse takes place when Moon passes through the shadow of Earth i.e. Earth comes between Sun and Moon. A partial eclipse occurs if only a part of Moon passes through the shadow.

Answer 172

(C) (SSC CPO 2016) Exp: Neptune is the Planet which is the farthest from the Sun. Although Pluto is farthest from Earth but it is now regarded as Dwarf Planet.

Answer 173

(B) (SSC MTS Exam 2005) Exp: As 1° = 4 minutes 2 hrs. = 120 minutes -> 120/4 = 30° latitude will constitute 2 hours.

Answer 174

(B) Exp: Pamir mountains or Pamirs are known as roof of the world because of their height. This range is situated at the junction of many mountains such as Karakoram, Tian shan, Kunlun, Hindukush, Suleman and Hindu Raj mountain ranges. Pamir Range is one of the highest mountain ranges in the World.

Answer 175

(B) (SSC CGL (Tier-(I) 2013) Exp: Isthmus is a narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas. Isthmus of Panama connects South America and North America, while Isthmus of Suez connects Asia and Africa.

Answer 176

(B) (SSC Tax Asst. 2006) Exp: Rome is called as the Eternal City because this city had a long and influential art, architecture and culture which Roman people thought would last forever.

Answer 177

(D) (SSC FCI 2012) Exp: Desert building or Desertification can be prevented by making protective belts of trees which holds up soil. Contour Ploughing & Plugging Gullies are measures for perverting soil erosion.

Answer 178

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: A-3, B-1 C-4, D-2 Desert Place Kalahari Africa Atacama South America Thar Asia Great Victoria Australia

Answer 179

(A) (SSC CGL 2005) Exp: The Sahara is the World's largest hot desert with an area of about 9,200,000 sq. km. It is located in Northern part of Africa. On the other hand if the polar regions are included then Antarctica is the largest desert of the World.

Answer 180

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: The Sahara desert is located in the Northern part of Africa whereas Kalahari desert is situated in southern half. It is world's largest hot desert. Harmattan winds which blow over the Sahara Desert are also known as doctor's winds, as they kill disease cause vectors.

Answer 181

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Aswan Dam in the Africa has been used to create one of world's biggest artificial lake known as Nasser lake. It is located on the mouth of the Nile river.

Answer 182

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Bamako the largest city of Mali and is also the capital of Mali. It is the fastest growing city in Africa.

Answer 183

(D) (SSC MTS 2008) Exp: Russia with an area of about 17.1 million sq. km. is the largest country in terms of surface area. In terms of population it stands at ninth place.

Answer 184

(C) (SSC CPO 2007) Exp: Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica. Corsica is an Island in the Mediterranean sea and administratively belongs to France.

Answer 185

(B) (SSC LDC 2005) Exp: An archipelago is a group of islands. It may be a sea or stretch of water having many Islands. Andaman archipelago is an example from the Indian Ocean.

Answer 186

(C) (SSC Steno. 2005) Exp: The Ural Mountain range which runs from north to south acts as a dividing range between Asia and Europe. The Mount Narodnaya with an height of about 1,895m is the highest peak of Ural Mountains.

Answer 187

"(D) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: Indonesia is an southeast Asian country and is the world's largest Archipelago with nearly 18,000 Islands. Indonesian Archipelago was also known by the name ""Indian archipelago""."

Answer 188

(D) (SSC MTS 2001, Data Entry Operator 2008) Exp: It is a long, narrow and deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes formed by glacial action. Example are Norwegian and South Chilean coasts. Mostly found in higher latitudes.

Answer 189

(A) (SSC CGL (Tier - (A) 2015) Exp: A Karst Topography is a landform made of limestone rocks. When river flows over sedimentary bed rocks they dissolve the rocks vertically and disappear underground developing such landforms in the limestone region. The cracks developed by this process leads to water recharge.

Answer 190

(B) (SSC (10+(B) 2013) Exp: It is the process in-situ i.e. breaking of rocks at a place with little or no movement. It can be physical weathering or chemical weathering. Two main agents of weathering are air and water.

Answer 191

(B) (SSC CGL (Tier-(A) 2011) Exp: Coral reef is an ecosystem which best survives in temperatures above 20ºC, this limits their zone to tropical and subtropical zones. Corals are most productive ecosystems present in water and therefore are called rainforest of sea.

Answer 192

(C) (SSC CGL 2010) Exp: Due to wind action in desert lifting and blowing away of loose material from ground takes place and this lead to a general lowering of land surface known as Blowout or Deflation Hollows.

Answer 193

(A) (SSC LDC 2005) Exp: A landslide is a very rapid movement and occur when a large mass of soil or block falls suddenly either due to undercutting action of water or earthquake. Landslides generally causes heavy destruction in hilly areas.

Answer 194

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Mushroom rocks are those rocks which are eroded from base due to the action of wind. This process of undercutting produces rocks of mushroom shape. This phenomenon is very common in deserts as aeolian erosion is a dominant phenomenon in these regions.

Answer 195

(C) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: A sand dune is a hill of sand formed by the accumulation of sand. The shape of a sand dune is decided by movement of winds. Due to changing nature of wind sand dunes may shift or change their shape.

Answer 196

(C)Exp: Moraines are the rock debris and ice which gets accumulated on the sides, top and foot of a moving glacier. These debris and glacial till are formed due to the frictional force which acts on the moving glacier.

Answer 197

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2012) Exp: Pores are available in soil through which liquid seeps inside the Earth surface. Example water seeping through soil recharges ground water level.

Answer 198

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Internal drainage means that the rivers or canals in a certain region do not flow into the sea but disappear inland after sometime due to porosity of underlying surface of the river bed. For example Luni river in Rajasthan does not reach to the Arabian Sea.

Answer 199

(B) (SSC CPO 2013) Exp: A peninsula is a landform which is surrounded by water from three sides. It appears that it is protruding into the sea. Indian Peninsula is a headland into the Indian Ocean.

Answer 200

"(B) (SSC 10+2 2014) Exp: When weathering of limestone rock takes place the clay contained in the rocks is left behind and this red clay soil is termed as ""Terra Rossa"". This type of red soil is also produced by weathering of dolomite rock."

Answer 201

(C) (SSC CGL 2011) Exp: The Earth is covered with 71% of water and rest 29% is land. Out of this 29%, 1/3rd or 33% of land is covered with deserts. In terms of hot deserts it is Sahara which is the largest desert but in terms of cold deserts Antarctica is the World's largest desert.

Answer 202

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: A shallow platform (600 feet approx.) which is the seaward extension of the continent is called continental shelf. On an average its width is 80 km. The Arctic Ocean has the widest continental shelf.

Answer 203

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Tensional and Compressional forces act adjacent to each other, tensional forces are responsible for faults which get deeper and become rift valleys whereas compressional forces are responsible for upliftment of land thus building block mountains. Example: The Death Valley, USA.

Answer 204

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: During floods river water carries coarser material with itself due to its high velocity but as soon as it crosses the river bank, it looses its velocity hence it deposits the carried away material at the river bank itself which develops into an irregular ridge like feature known as Levee. Artificial walls build to embank the river waters are also termed Levee.

Answer 205

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: During the youthful stage river cuts vertically and leads to headward erosion because of its high velocity. This leads to valley deepening. Hence, we find many Vshaped valleys at the initial course of river. It has very less or no time for lateral erosion.

Answer 206

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: In the region of soft rocks such as sedimentary rocks where winds blow constantly in one direction, they impact the surface of the rocks and blow away their material through dual processes of deflation and abrasion. This leads to formation of Yardangs.

Answer 207

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: As Ganga-Brahmaputra Valley lies near the foot hills of the Himalayas they are more susceptible to earthquakes as compared to other regions given in options.

Answer 208

(C) (SSC - CML - 2000) Exp: A hanging valley can be termed as an intermediately valley above another valley in an elevated zone. These are mostly found in glaciated areas.

Answer 209

(B) (SSC -CHSL (10+2) DEO & LDC - 2014) Exp: An extremely folded structure in which the motion of thrust fold overrides the adjacent rock structure is called Nappes. These are found at convergent plate boundaries. Example: The Himalayan Nappes in Uttarakhand & Nepal.

Answer 210

(D) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: In the region where sedimentary rocks such as limestone forms the bed rock structure. as limestone forms the rock bed structure. The above flowing water of rivers react with these rocks to form a wide range of structures such as lappies, sink holes, caves etc. also known as Karst Topography.

Answer 211

(C) (SSC CGL 1999) Exp: Of the effect of both the offshore easterly trade winds & cold ocean currents. Trade minds blow away from the western sides of the continents thus dumping the moisture they carry from oceans on eastern sides of other continents. Also, there are cold ocean currents on western side near almost all continents due to which scanty or no rain occurs in this region.

Answer 212

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The Fiords are also known as Fjords. They are mostly found in higher latitudes. These are the steep sided narrow valleys formed by retreating glaciers. Later on, these get filled by the sea water.

Answer 213

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The Maldives is the smallest island nation in the Indian Ocean. Its area is about 298km2 and its Capital is Male.

Answer 214

"(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Wide inlet of the sea in concave shape is called ""Bay"", while narrow inlet of sea is called ""Gulf"". Example : The Bay of Bengal."

Answer 215

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The Greenland is the World's largest island. It belongs to the North American continent but it is an autonomous province of Denmark. In other words, Greenland is administered by Denmark.

Answer 216

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: A group of inter-connected islands is called as an Archipelago.

Answer 217

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Levee is an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river.

Answer 218

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The Arctic Ocean has the widest continental shelf among all oce It is a 1210 km seaward extension from land of Siberia into Arctic Ocean.

Answer 219

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The study of vibration inside Earth's crust which are caused due to natural or artificial sources such as earthquakes or explosions is called Seismology. The scientists who study such vibrations are known as the Seismologists.

Answer 220

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: When a glacier moves downward rock debris are produced due to friction. These debris, rocks and earth (mud) gets accumulated on top, foot and sides of the glacier and are called Moraines.

Answer 221

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: In youthful stage and upper coarse headward erosion i.e. vertical erosion predominates but as it enters plains lateral erosion becomes significant and large bends known as meanders are formed.

Answer 222

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Geologically erosion is the mechanical process of wearing or grinding of landscape by agents like water, wind and Ice.

Answer 223

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: An oxbow lake is formed by both erosional and deposition actions of a river. In lower course a river dominates in lateral erosion and bend is created by it. On outer end of bend erosion dominates and on inner end deposition dominates and finally a loop is separated known as oxbow lake.

Answer 224

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: It is longest European river and it flows through Russia into Caspian Sea.

Answer 225

(C) (SSC MTS 2002, CGL 2014) Exp: Ganga delta is one of World's most fertile deltas constituted by river Ganga & Brahmaputra in the east of India. Forming Bangladesh Plains, it is also known as Sunderban delta & Ganga-Brahmaputra delta. It is also called Green delta because of its fertility.

Answer 226

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Congo is the IInd largest river of Africa after Nile. It is also the World's deepest river with depth of upto 220 m at some places. It flows through Zaire, hence called river Zaire. It crosses the Equator twice.

Answer 227

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Limpopo flows through Mozambique. After Zambezi, it is IInd largest African river to fall in the Indian Ocean.

Answer 228

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Yangtze is a Chinese river. It is the largest Asian river.

Answer 229

(C) (SSC CGL 2013) Exp: In this pattern streams take roughly circular or concentric path along weak rock belt resembling ring like pattern. Example: The Amarkantak Plateau

Answer 230

(B) (SSC CPO 2001, CGL 1999, (10+2) 2013) Exp: A steep sided canyon is formed by the river Colorado in the State of Arizona in U.S.A.

Answer 231

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: As the river water comes in contact with soil and rocks on its banks, it weathers up the material & after sometime this weathered up material is eroded away by same river water. Hence river valley is broadened.

Answer 232

Ans: (C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Valley deepening takes place during the youthful stage of river.

Answer 233

"Ans: (B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: A drainage pattern where a river is joined by its tributaries approximately at right angles is called ""Trellis""."

Answer 234

Ans: (C) Exp: Lena river is a major river of Russia. It is a 440 km long river which originates from Lake Baikal and flows into the Arctic Ocean.

Answer 235

(A)Exp: A Canal is a human made channel for the transport of water. Indira Gandhi Canal is the largest canal in India.

Answer 236

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Potomac river is a river in United States of America which drains an area of about 14,700 square miles and empties into Chesapeake Bay. This river forms a border between Maryland and Washington D.C.

Answer 237

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The Farakka Barrage was created by India in 1975 to divert water from Ganges river system but this has resulted in a reduced flow towards Bangladesh which is a lower riparian state to this system.

Answer 238

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Whenever any volcano erupts material from the top of the cone is blown off or collapses into vent which widens the vent and this widened vent is called crater or caldera.

Answer 239

(D) (SSC Tax Asst. 2006) Exp: Seismograph is an instrument which records the seismic waves by any Earthshaking phenomenon like Earthquake or explosion.

Answer 240

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2015, SSC MTS 2014, 2002) Exp: Epicentre is a point directly above the focus and is situated on the surface of Earth whereas focus is the point below the surface of Earth where an Earthquake originates. It is also called Hypocenter.

Answer 241

(C) (SSC MTS 2000, (10+2) 2015) Exp: The Ritcher scale measures the magnitude of an Earthquake while the Mercalli scale measures the intensity.

Answer 242

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: When due to stress, earth movement takes place and rocks are subjected to compressive forces then the upfolding waves are called Anticlines and down folding are known as Synclines.

Answer 243

(C) (SSC CGL (Tier-1)2012) Exp: Seismic waves when originate from focus travels towards the surface and the imaginary line on the surface of Earth joining these different points on surface is Homoseismal line.

Answer 244

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2004) Exp: When Earth's crust cracks, faulting takes place due to tension or compression and a section of it subside or rise above the surrounding level. The subsided part between two blocks is called rift valley.

Answer 245

(C) (SSC CPO 2008) (SSC FCI 2012)(SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2011) Exp: Tsunamis are destructive sea waves which are generated due to Earthquakes on sea floors whereas tides are generated due to gravitational pull of Moon and Sun.

Answer 246

(B) (SSC CGL 2010) Exp: Tsunami are also called as the Harbour waves as these waves hit the coasts with very high force. These are generated due to Earthquake on sea floors.

Answer 247

(A) (SSC Tax Asst. 2007) Exp: An Earthquake occurs when seismic waves are generated due to the release of energy from Earth's interior causing tremors on Earth's surface.

Answer 248

(C) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2015) Exp: Tectonism is relative lateral movement of lithospheric plate that leads to generate various structural features such as Faults, Mountains, Ridges or Scraps.

Answer 249

(C) Exp: Wind turbine is a power/energy generating machine whereas Cyclone, Earthquake and Tsunami are natural phenomenon which may turn into disaster.

Answer 250

(A) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2012) Exp: Basalt is the most common type of solidified lava. It mainly comprises of Feldspar, Pyroxene and Plagioclase. The other 3 given options are gems.

Answer 251

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: When a volcano erupts and the cup shaped depression (crater) is formed and if water or any fluid gets collected in it then it is called Crater lake/Volcanic lake.

Answer 252

(A) (SSC Ste, 2011, CGL 1999) Exp: Volcanic activities mainly takes place in the basin of Pacific Ocean known as 'Pacific Ring of Fire' Maona Loa in Hawaii is particularly famous for volcanic activities.

Answer 253

(B) (SSC CGL 2010) Exp: In 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia was hit by an Earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1-9.3. Epicentre of Earthquake was west coast of Sumatra.

Answer 254

(B) (SSC Section off 2007) Exp: Mount Gamkonora is stratovolcano which erupted in 2007. It is located on Halmahera island in Indonesia. It has shifting eruption centres which has lead to an elongated series of craters along N-S trending rift.

Answer 255

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Located in geological active ring of fire Mount Sinabung erupted in May 2016. It was accompanied by two more volcanoes named Gamalama and Rinjani.

Answer 256

Ans: (D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: A landslide is a sudden movement of rocks, debris or Earth (mud) down a slope due to undercutting of rocks. The main erosional agents are air, water and ice.• Climate and Weather • Forests and Vegetation

Answer 257

(A) (SSC (10+2 2013) Exp: The nutritious grasslands occuring beyond the Tropics in temperate region between 23.5° to 66.5° latitude in the Northern and Southern hemisphere are temperate grassland. In South America these are called Pampas, they are found in parts of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay etc.

Answer 258

(B) (SSC DEO 2008) Exp: Grasslands occuring in between 23.5° to 66.5° are called as Temperate grasslands. These grasslands are known as pampas in South America. They occur in humid and warm climate. They are mostly found in Argentina with extension till Uruguay.

Answer 259

(D) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: In both the hemispheres, the region beyond the Tropics is termed 'Temperate' till 66.5° N & S latitudes. In northern hemisphere in North America nutritional grasslands termed as Prairies grow. They grow in interior lowland of Canada, U.S.A and Mexico.

Answer 260

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Same as above

Answer 261

"(A) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Mid Latitude Grasslands (prairies) termed as ""Breadbasket of the world"" as it is food grain rich region. As 'Wheat' is temperate food crop. It is grown in this region extensively in big farms for commercial purpose."

Answer 262

(C) (SSC Sec. off, 2006) Exp: Savanna is the tropical grassland. It is characterised by widely spaced trees allowing the sunlight to reach earth surface which ultimately helps in growing grass.

Answer 263

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: A vast tropical grassland plain, Los Llanos is situated to the east of the Andes in Venezuela and Columbia in North West of South America. The whole region is flooded with Grassland and Savanna biome.

Answer 264

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Steppes are found in South Europe, Central Asia and parts of South America and Southern Africa etc. The complex climatic conditions like hot summers and cold winters, with an average of 250-500 mm rain. They are of two types: Sub Tropical and Temperate Steppes. Mostly shrubs occur here.

Answer 265

(C) (SSC CGL 2013) Exp: During Home Cremation lots of pollutant as gases and smoke are released in the atmosphere directly. This cultural process leads to environmental concerns.

Answer 266

(A) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: Landslides occur naturally as the mass of earth collapses from the mountain. Hence it becomes cause of disruption of roads in hilly areas.

Answer 267

(A) (SSC CHSL 2015) Exp: When we talk about natural region, the symmetrical patterns are observed in terms of climate types and vegetations. 5 major types of vegetative regions are forest, grassland, tundra desert and ice sheets.

Answer 268

(C) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: Ocean, Mangrove, Lakes, Grassland

Answer 269

(B) (SSC CPO 2015) Exp: Mangroves grow in coastal areas of Tropical region and act as buffer in between land & sea. To a certain extent they can control ferocious winds & waves surging inwards during cyclones.

Answer 270

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Tundra forests occur in polar regions and also in high altitudes (alpines) of Himalayas and Andes. These forests are composed of mosses & lichens which are small living organisms.

Answer 271

(A) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: These are Tropical Rain Forest lying with in the tropical zone in the Amazon basin of South America. It is enriched of many species.

Answer 272

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Tropical Forest comprise about 2% of Earth's total land surface. They are the most dense forests available on Earth and consists of 50% of Earth's flora and fauna.

Answer 273

(B) (SSC CPO 2015) Exp: Also termed as Boreal Forest (snow forest), it lies in Eastern Siberia covering more than quarter of Russian territory. Amassed by coniferous trees it contains pines, spruces & larches.

Answer 274

(D) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: In Equatorial region, convective rain occur throughout the year providing much needed water to plants which keeps them green throughout the year. The region lies within Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn. It is multilayered dense forest. Few species are Western Red Cedar, Scots Pine, Jack Pine.

Answer 275

"(B) (SSC CGL 2004) Exp: Deciduous means ""to fall off at maturity"". It is used for trees that lose leaves seasonally, mostly in Autumn. eg. Teak, Oak, Maple, Elm."

Answer 276

(D) (SSC CGL 2010) Exp: Equatorial forests are also termed as Evergreen forests.They are a sub-type of tropical rain forests. They have maximum bio diversity.

Answer 277

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Phytoplanktons are the tiny ocean plants that live near the oceanic surface. These are responsible for maximum Oxygen present on Earth.

Answer 278

Exp: Rosewood - Decicluous Forest Bushes - Dry forest Birch - Alpine forest Sundari - Garen forest tree Rose wood is slow growing hardwood of Deciduous forest. Bushes grow in semi arid & arid regions where rainfall is minimal. In the mountainous terrains Birch trees occur consistently. Sundari trees are the mangrove trees found in garen forest.

Answer 279

(B) (SSC CGL 2011) Exp: Presumably sailors returning from South America brought Potato with themselves to Spain which were planted in the hinterland.

Answer 280

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Cultivable land is the one in which food crops can be cultivated. These include fallow land which is used for farming normally but it is left alone for sometime in order to gain fertility & the net sown area is the land in which crops are grown presently.

Answer 281

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Hydroponics is the process in which plants are grown in sand, gravel or liquid by adding nutrients but without soil.

Answer 282

(C) (SSC MTS 1999) Exp: China tops the list with 144,560 million tons of rice production, India comes second.

Answer 283

(A) (SSC MTS 2001) Exp: Sea Island cotton has extra long staple length upto 34 mm due to which it is considered the best cotton in the world.

Answer 284

(C) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: Wheat is the temperate crop and it is grown vastly in Australia adding its value to Australian economy. Most of southern Australia lies in temperate zone.

Answer 285

(B) (SSC CPO 2015) Exp: Kenya, India & Sri Lanka are famous tea producing tropical spots of the world exporting tea throughout the globe. Hence, U.K. is the tea importing country.

Answer 286

(B) (SSC CHSL 2015, SSC MTS 2000, 2008) Exp: Brazil lies in the tropical zone enriched by Amazon basin with humid climatic conditions through out the year. It is the largest producer of coffee in the world. On IInd comes Vietnam & IIIrd is Colombia.

Answer 287

(B) (SSC CHSL 2015) Exp: Same as above

Answer 288

(D) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: Malaysia is the leading rubber producer. Wheat is grown in the North China & rice is grown in the South China.

Answer 289

(C) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: Rice - China Maize - U.S.A Rubber - Thailand Sugarcane - Brazil Brazil is the largest producer of sugar. Thailand is largest producer of rubber, the Eastern & Southern China is rice growing belt, U.S.A is the largest producer of Maize

Answer 290

(B) (SSC MTS 2015) Exp: In the Assam valley and upper West Bengal tea production is high. Also in the southern region of India in Nilgiri Ranges, Annamalai Hills etc. tea is produced. Tea requires humid & warm climate with around 25°C of temperature & hilly topography which India provides. Also tea is IInd famous drink after water in the World over in which also India tops the list.

Answer 291

(C) (SSC MTS 2011) Exp: AGMARK certifies agro products on the basis of set standards which are approved by Directorate of Marketing & Inspection, a Government of India agency eg. Darjeeling Tea, Basmati rice etc.

Answer 292

(B) (SSC MTS 2011) Exp: It is an Indian variety of modern rice developed in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Answer 293

(C) (SSC CHSL 2010, 2014) Exp: Region around the Mediterranean Sea is famous for growing citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes etc. from which wine & champagne are made. Countries like France is famous for its wine & champagne production.

Answer 294

(A) (SSC CHSL 2010) Exp: U.S.A produces maximum timber in the world. Most timber is produced from Coniferous forest of Alaska region like softwood timber of Pine, Fir, Spruce.

Answer 295

(C) (SSC MTS 2011) Exp: Cloves are flower buds with aroma which are used as spice. Their native place is Maluku Island, Indonesia.

Answer 296

(B) (SSC Steno 2005) Exp: Mixed farming is a type of farming in which crops are grown alongwith raising of livestock such as cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats.

Answer 297

(D) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Slash and burn agriculture is also known as shifting agriculture. It is an old agricultural method followed in many tribal regions of the world. In India such a practise is termed 'Jhum' in the North-East.

Answer 298

(C) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: In equatorial region Sun's rays fall vertically which heats up the land and sea surface hence more vapour formed and rises above due to which as expand and gets cool down it develops clouds through convection. Hence rain occurs almost every afternoon which termed as convectional rainfall.

Answer 299

(C) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: In winters the subpolar low pressure belt shifts downwards & lies in lower latitudes above Mediterranean Sea due to which weather activities such as rainfall occurs and winters are mild & rainy.

Answer 300

(A) (SSC CGL 2011) Exp: As the land gets heated quickly when compared to water, the air above land rises upwards, the Sea breeze rushes to fill in the vacuum hence on shore breeze develops due to low pressure over land & high pressure over sea.

Answer 301

(A)Exp: During the night hours, land cools quickly as compared to adjacent ocean. So low pressure develops over sea as air here rises up. Hence, the land breeze rushes to fill the vacuum towards sea surface as during night high pressure is maintained over land.

Answer 302

(A) (SSC CGL 2013) Exp: As we move away from the equator insolation decreases which leads to decrease in temperature hence rainfall also decreases. Temperature & rainfall are two pillars of climate thus option (A) in correct.

Answer 303

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2012) Exp: The atmospheric pollution such as industrial coal burning & fossils harms forests & water bodies, gases such as oxides sulphur & nitrogen after combining with rain water form acids. Thus destroy plants.

Answer 304

(C) [SSC CGL 2016, SSC (10+2) 2012] Exp: Rivers while passing through rocky places weather the rocks & erode them, during weathering of rocks, its mineral content in form of salt gets eroded which is dumped in sea along with river water.

Answer 305

(B) (SSC LDC 2005) Exp: With the movement of sun between the tropics, the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) i.e. equatorial low also shifts leading to shifting of trade winds (Monsoon winds). Hence, their direction changes.

Answer 306

(B) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Harmattan (hot wind) blow from North East, East direction towards the western direction in the Sahara Desert of North Africa.

Answer 307

(A) (SSC 10+2 2012, SSC Steno 2005) Exp: In Austrialia a tropical cyclone is named as Willy Willy. In different parts of the world it is known by different names like, Hurricane in Caribbean Sea, U.S.A., Mexico; Typhoon in Japan China, Phillipines; Cyclone in South Asia.

Answer 308

(D) (SSC 10+2 2012) Exp: Explained above

Answer 309

(C) (SSC Tax Asst. 2008) Exp:Australia - Willy Willy China - Typhoon France - Mistral West Indies - Hurricane The cold air blowing from Southern France into Mediterranean Sea in North Western direction is called mistral. Other 3 are local names of cyclones w.r.t countries (given in answer).

Answer 310

(D) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Polar Vortex is low pressure area lying in the Upper Tropospheric level near Earth's pole. The Southward shifting of such a low pressure area bring cold waves in America in winters.

Answer 311

(B) (SSC Steno 2010) Exp: Convectional rainfall occurs in the Equatorial region throughout the year.

Answer 312

(C) (SSC CPO 2004, (10+2) 2008) Exp: The barometer drops suddenly depicting low pressure zone & unsettled weather system developing such as storm.

Answer 313

(B) (SSC CPO 2006) Exp: Same as above

Answer 314

(B) (SSC MTS 2010) Exp: Extremely heavy precipitation in short time period alongwith hail & thunder capable of bringing flood is termed as 'cloud burst'. Such a phenomenon is observed during monsoons in Uttarakhand.

Answer 315

(D) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: As we move upwards altitudewise the density of atmosphere decreases. Lower atmosphere is denser than upper atmosphere Clouds are formed in upper tropospheric level hence are less dense when compared to lower tropospheric level (lower atmosphere).

Answer 316

(C) (SSC CPO 2007) Exp: A hygrometer measures relative humidity. Sling pychrometer is a simple hygrometer consisting two thermometers: An ordinary thermometer & a wet bulb thermometer with its bulb covered by cloth wick; used to find relative humidity.

Answer 317

(B) (SSC 10+2 2010) Exp: Air currents can be horizontal as well as vertical currents. The vertical air currents can be mechanically and thermally induced. Mechanically induced are the ones which occur at convergence & divergence points of air on earth, also locally when air rises vertically due to topography,while thermally induced vertical air currents occur when air expands & rises due to heat & the above lying cooler air comes down.

Answer 318

(C) (SSC 10+2) 2012) Exp: Sidr was the tropical cyclone in Indian Ocean which devastated Bangladesh coast in 2007. It was category 5 tropical storm on Saffire- Simpson Scale.

Answer 319

(B) (SSC CPO 2009) Exp: Fog is an example of naturally occuring aerosole. A colloid of liquid droplets in air or gas is termed as aerosol.

Answer 320

(C) (SSC CGL 2012) Exp: In the foggy conditions mostly during winters the smoke released from industries combine with fog to form smoke fog, also known as smog. It is highly polluted & causes breathing problem.

Answer 321

(D) (SSC CPO 2006) Exp: Explained above

Answer 322

(A) (SSC 10+2 2015) Exp: The process in which a substance absorbs moisture from atmosphere till the moment it gets totally dissolved in that moisture & forms solution is called deliquescence. For such an activity warm, moist & airy conditions are required.

Answer 323

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Convectional rainfall occurs when air gets heated & rise up producing clouds responsible for thunderstorm & lightning. Such a weather phenomenon is common in equatorial region where sun rays fall vertically over head throughout the year. Hence afternoon rain occurs almost everyday in this region.

Answer 324

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Cocoa is tropical crop and is vastly produced in western African countries. Ivory Coast is the tropical country leading in production of cocoa. It is main cash crop of Ghana. Ghana alongwith Ivory coast, Nigeria, Cameron & Togo collectively supply 2/3 of cocoa to world.

Answer 325

Ans: (C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: When the temperatures near the ground surface are lower than temperatures of above lying layers. Then precipitation occurs in the form of sleet as raindrops freezes into ice while falling. It happens mostly in winters.

Answer 326

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Polar regions have extreme climatic conditions such as permanently frozen land, very low temperature (in negatives) etc which are unsuitable for large selltements.

Answer 327

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The word 'nimbus' signifes clouds, literally meaning rain clouds. Cumulonimbus are the clouds which expand vertically and cause heavy rainfall with thunderstorm & lightening.

Answer 328

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: During an earthquake the energy stored in earth are released from focus. Epicenter is the point on earth's surface that lies directly above focus.

Answer 329

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Instrument for measuring rainfall is called Hyetometer List I List II Name Instrument used for measuring Lucimeter Light intensity Galactometer Relative density of milk Hyetometer Rain Hygrometer Humidity

Answer 330

Ans: (C) (SSC CHSL 2017) Exp: Instrument Used of measuring Bathymeter Depth of water in seas or lakes Ceraunograph Thunder and lightening Cyanometer Blueness of sky Barometer Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 331

(C) (SSC CHSL 2005) Exp: When a warm front and a cold front converges, warm front rises over cold front and this causes rainfall which is called frontal rainfall.

Answer 332

Ans: (A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Humus is the biotic component of soil and without humus soil is just a rock in crushed form. Humus is the life giving component of soil and is formed by the decomposition of flora and fauna.

Answer 333

Ans: (B)Exp: The process of forming contour strips with the help of stones, grass and soil which intercept the downslope flowing of water is done to prevent soil erosion in hilly terrains. These strips of stone, grass and soil are called contour barriers.

Answer 334

Ans: (A) Exp: Mulching is the process of forming a protective covering of rotting vegetable (organic) matter to reduce evaporation and soil erosion.

Answer 335

(D) Exp: The most important abiotic factor in formation of soil is regarded as parent rock as the color, texture and permeability of soil are shaped according to parent rock.

Answer 336

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Tropical deciduous forests are those which shed their leaves for a specific period of time. Tropical decideous forests are widely spread in India specially in states of Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, M.P, Maharashtra, Odisha and Telangana.

Answer 337

Ans: (A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: An aerosol is a cloud of solid or liquid particle in a gas. Fog, clouds and mist are examples of aerosol as these formed in atmosphere around solid or liquid particles.

Answer 338

Ans: (D) Exp: Although amount of humus content depends on flora and fauna but rate of formation also depends upon climate. Weathering also is a insitu degradation of rocks due to erosional agents such as air, water and ice.

Answer 339

Ans: (B) Exp. List I List II Instrument (used for) Hydrometer Measuring density of liquid Hygrometer Humidity Psychrometer Relative humidity Anemometer Speed of wind.

Answer 340

(A) Exp: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which helps in absorption of heat radiated from sun as well as earth. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases which absorb and reemit infrared radiations.

Answer 341

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: ITCZ i.e. Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is a low pressure belt generally near the equator. As trade winds converge in this zone and it is relatively a calm zone it is also known as doldrum.

Answer 342

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Doldrum is an Equatorial region (50N to 50S) of calm weather and gentle winds. Around this zone vertical movement of winds dominates over horizontal movement.

Answer 343

(B) Exp: Pedalfer is sub-division of zonal classification of soil with high aluminium and iron oxides. It occurs in humid regions of earth's surface.

Answer 344

(D)Exp: Biodiversity refers to variety of life (both annual and plant) in world or in a particular habitat. It includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystem. Tropical region have highest bio-diversity and deserts has lowest.

Answer 345

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Diurnal temperature difference represent the daily range of temperature in a given region/location. Desert has maximum diurnal temperature range as the sand absorb and loose heat very quickly and is unable to store heat for long time.

Answer 346

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Sirocco is a type of local wind which affect small geographical area and is result of local level conditions (such as pressure difference between two locations). Other such local winds are loo, Harmattan (doctor winds) etc.

Answer 347

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Shelter belts are arrangement of trees in coastal, dry region to prevent soil erosion. The roots of trees bind the soil and prevent the removal of top layer of soil from action of water or wind.

Answer 348

(C) Exp: Rock dam is a simple approach to prevent the flow of water and prevent undercutting and erosion along the river craned. eg. Manills River has split rock dam in North western slopes region of new south Wales, Australia.

Answer 349

Ans: (B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: In inter cropping the agricultural field is utilised for growing two or more crops in a specific pattern. The benefits of it are growing more types of crops per unit agricultural land and full utilisation of nutrients available in field which otherwise can't be utilised if single crop is grown.

Answer 350

(B) (SSC CPO 2009) Exp: Earth Summit was organised by UNCED i.e. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the year 1992. It is also known as Rio Summit and Rio Conference.

Answer 351

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2010) Exp: The non-living chemical and physical parts; and the living beings that builds up an ecosystem are termed abiotic and biotic components of environment respectively. e.g. water & air (abiotic), flora and fauna (biotic).

Answer 352

(C) (SSC CGL 2008) Exp: As bio diversity is pretty high in tropical Brazil, hence the raw material for bio fuel is easily available.

Answer 353

(B) (SSC Sec. off Exam, 2006) Exp: As CO2 shows green house tendency i.e. it allows the solar light to reach earth but does not allow it to escape back into space & leads to global warming (Green house effect) through rise in temperature.

Answer 354

(A) (SSC Sec. off 2007) Exp: Explained above.

Answer 355

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2010) Exp: With the rise in population, the needs and requirements of humans are rising and available land is shrinking. Hence, much of the brunt is faced by forests as human settlements are encroaching nearby forest areas.

Answer 356

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: The secretariat of Conference on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Montreal was established to support goals of Earth Summit which happened in Brazil in 1992. Its functions are: organizing meetings, preparing reports, assisting member countries and work collectively with other international organisations.

Answer 357

(C) (SSC CHSL 2015) Exp: World Wildlife Fund was founded on 29 April 1961 and its first office was opened on 11 September. Its head quarter (HQ) is in Morges, Switzerland.

Answer 358

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Biosphere is the zone in which life thrives i.e. all biological processes occur in this zone. The 3 spheres of life i.e. atmosphere + hydrosphere + lithosphere all combine to form biosphere.

Answer 359

(B) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: Since, water covers about 70% of Earth's surface, it also is the largest biome (ecosystem) on Earth with wide range of flora and fauna. Water bodies combined together are considered hydrosphere.

Answer 360

(D)Exp: In order to maintain ecosystem on land area where human beings have already damaged most of the habitats especially forest biomes, ecological balance can only be maintained by increasing forest area.

Answer 361

(B) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: An ecosystem or ecological system is the base of habitats of species. In an ecosystem biotic beings (living organisms) interact with abiotic beings (non living things). Deforestation leads to soil erosion vanishing the habitats thus damaging ecosystem.

Answer 362

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2011) Exp: Water hyacinth multiplies rapidly in polluted environments & easily scavenges some inorganic & organic compounds from water.

Answer 363

(A) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: Maximum deforestation occurs in tropical zone, mostly in Amazon rain forests due to animal (cattle) ranching equalling 14% of world's total annual deforestation.

Answer 364

(D) (SSC CHSL 2014) Exp: International beef & trade industry is depleting tropical forest land for cattle ranching by incentivising tropical nations.

Answer 365

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Rainwater storage is also known as rain water harvesting. The water when stored in tanks dug in ground surface seeps through the pores and recharges ground water level.

Answer 366

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Environmentalists observed that Arctic ice is melting or retreating at tremendous rate leading to rising sea level. This has happened due to increased concentration of CO2 leading to green house effect. Also glaciers are diminishing in size. (This option is most appropriate when compared to other option)

Answer 367

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: All the above given reasons add to environmental hazard caused by various factors including hum

Answer 368

(A) (SSC Tax Asst. 2006) Exp: The warmest of the waters of western tropical Pacific Ocean when shifts towards the North Western coast of South America all along equator. They piled up off the coast of South America. These warm waters are termed as El-Nino current. During normal monsoon years, these pile up near Indonesian coast bringing good monsoons to India.

Answer 369

(B) (SSC FCI 2012) Exp: British scientists discovered this hole in ozone in Antarctica in 1985. The major concerns about environment increased globally after this discovery.

Answer 370

(A)Exp: Due to increase in population world wide the untreated sewage discharge in lakes & rivers has increased. Even the garbage has increased manifold on daily basis. This was assessed during World Water Week by United Nations Environment Programme.

Answer 371

(B) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: Life on earth is found in seas, oceans (water); on land surface (crust) & in air. These 3 combined together to form biosphere.

Answer 372

(D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Due to global warming, glaciers in polar regions are melting rapidly and consequently sea level is increasing. Rapid increase in sea level lead to inundation of coastal areas by sea water changing coastline. The overall climate world over has been affected by global warming leading to change in crop pattern

Answer 373

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Earth Summit also known as Rio summit held in Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. About 100 head of states became signatories to Convention on Biological Diversity in this conference.

Answer 374

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: As the other 3 given options are more likely to be an effect of global warming option 'C is still being searched out to get final conclusion.

Answer 375

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Montreal Protocol was Ist protocol to ban the production and use of Chloro Fluoro Carbon responsible for Ozone depletion. It was signed on 14-16 september 1987 & become effective from 1st January 1989.

Answer 376

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: With the depth of 5450m, Java Trench is the deepest trench of Indian Ocean near Indonesia.

Answer 377

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: About ¾ of Earth's sweet water (fresh water) is reserved in glaciers. They are the largest source of fresh water on Earth.

Answer 378

(A) (SSC CGL (Tier-1) 2014) Exp: When moving water strikes against the surface of rock, it produces mechanical weathering. Hence, erosion of rocky material occurs.

Answer 379

(D) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: All the above given points are worthy so as to conserve water. As rain water is the pure water, it can be stored & utilized as per the needs. Hence underground water tanks in Rajasthan, overhead tanks in Tamil Nadu are compulsory. Over utilisation such as over irrigation depletes water resources, hence should be controlled & water be used wisely. Natural water bodies be replenished through reformation.

Answer 380

"(B) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: ""Harms of flow"" means surface run off of water during rainy season in plain region which leads to eroding away of surface layer of soil where as rain water harvesting avoids such occurrences."

Answer 381

(D) (SSC Tax Asst. 2007, (10+2) 2014) Exp: Area of Pacific Ocean is 161.8 million km². Descending order of Oceans (in terms of area) Pacific Ocean > Atlantic Ocean> Indian Ocean > Arctic Ocean.

Answer 382

(C) (SSC CGL 2011) Exp: About 3/4 of world's total fresh water is stored in form of ice in glaciers. Hence, making them the largest fresh water source of the world.

Answer 383

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp:Much of the earth surface is covered by water making it the Blue planet. About 2/3 of earth surface comprises of water i.e equivalent to 70%.

Answer 384

(B) (SSC CGL 2013) Exp: Antarctica, the southernmost continent is filled of ice in form of vast glaciers. The Antarctica lies in South Pole.

Answer 385

(C) (SSC MTS 2001, DEO 2008) Exp: Continental shelf is one of the features of continental landmass submerged under shallow sea water. Its average width is approximately 80 km, and depth varies to about 150m.

Answer 386

(A)Exp: Area of Gulf of Mexico is about 600,000 miles2 which is largest for any gulf in the world. It is surrounded by Mexico, U.S.A & Cuba.

Answer 387

(B) (SSC LDC 2005) Exp: These are the shallow sea zones where cold and warm water currents mix well making them great breeding grounds for fishes. At Grand Bank cold Labrador and warm Gulf Stream meets. Dogger Bank in North Sea is shallow sea water zone which receives ample sunlight preparing grounds for fish breeding.

Answer 388

(B) (SSC CGL 2005) Exp: Located off the coast of Phillipines in Pacific Ocean, it is about 11 Kilometers in depth. Hence making it the deepest depression on earth.

Answer 389

(D) (SSC DEO 2006, CGL 2004) Exp: Same as above

Answer 390

(A) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Sunda Trench also termed as Java Trench is near Sumatra, Indonesia in Indian Ocean.

Answer 391

(C) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp:Lake Titicaca is famous among honeymoon couples due to its scenic features. Situated in Andes range it marks border of Bolivia & Peru. It is large & deep lake. The largest in South America.

Answer 392

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2012) Exp: Hypolimnion is the layer of water at lower level in a lake. It has cooler temperature as compared to above lying layers remaining relatively stagnant.

Answer 393

(D) (SSC CPO 2009, CGL 2004, 2011) Exp: Aral Sea is a lake lying between South Kazakhstan and North Uzbekistan in Central Asia.

Answer 394

(A) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: Moving water works as degradational agent (erosional). As oceanic currents move constantly in their definite path. They erode away rocks against which they strike.

Answer 395

(B) (SSC MTS 2000, SSC Sec. off. 2006) Exp: A narrow strip which connects two water bodies (sea or ocean) is called a strait eg. Palk Strait connects Gulf of Mannar & Bay of Bengal.

Answer 396

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Due to segregation of ice & abrasion, glacier cut's a U-shaped valley which is mostly deeper than near by sea. Such a feature is called fjord (fiord). It later on gets filled up by sea water. This feature is mostly found in higher latitudes along coastal margins of continents.

Answer 397

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: When North Equatorial Current in Atlantic reaches Gulf of Mexico it curves & moves upwards along Eastern coast of U.S.A where it is known as Gulf Stream.

Answer 398

"(B) (SSC CPO 2015) Exp: Also termed as "" Japan Current"", in Japanese it means ' Black Current'. It is a warm current. After meeting cold Owashio Current it leads to major fishing ground in North West Pacific Ocean."

Answer 399

(A) (SSC 10+2 2012) Exp: In terms of salinity, the water of Dead Sea is highly saline when being compared to the other 3 given options.

Answer 400

(D) (SSC MTS 2000) Exp: Coral islands are formed by the growing corals in shallow sea water with gentle temperatures. These are mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical zones. New corals develop on pre-existing corals which leads to formation of islands. Corals are living beings and are rich in calcium.

Answer 401

(B) (SSC CGL 2013) Exp: Extended Gulf stream current above 40°N latitude in Atlantic is termed as North Atlantic Drift, a warm water current, flowing from tropics towards pole affecting climate of near by coastal regions. Hence, sea ports in West Europe between 50°- 60°N Latitude remain open in winters also.

Answer 402

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning harbour wave. These are tidal waves which occur during earthquake whose epicentre is under sea. Also called seismic sea wave which inundate & devastate coastal areas.

Answer 403

(C) (SSC 10+2, 2013) Exp: Bering Strait lies between Eastern Russia & Alaska (U.S.A). It connects Arctic Ocean with Pacific Ocean. Also, International Date Line passes through it.

Answer 404

(D) (SSC CGL 2011) Exp: It is a process to produce electricity with the help of difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water.

Answer 405

(B) (SSC CPO 2008) Exp: The water currents are responsible to influence the climate of their nearby regions. Gulf Stream is warm water current, its extension North Atlantic Drift passes by European shores raising the temperature of the region.

Answer 406

(C) (SSC 10+2 2010) Exp: Peru Current also known as Humboldt Current is a cold water current in Pacific Ocean, the rest of the currents are of Atlantic Ocean.

Answer 407

(A) (SSC CGL 2013) Exp: Sargasso sea forms the Atlantic Ocean Gyre being bounded by 4 water currents, namely, North Atlantic Drift in the North, Canary Current in the east, Gulf Stream in the west & North Equatorial Current in the South.

Answer 408

(B) (SSC 10+2 2010) Exp: Mongla port in Bagerhat District of Bangladesh is the main sea port of this country.

Answer 409

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Due to action of water, inundation of shoreline takes place and such an inundation with a wide inlet and concave shape is called bay. Example Hudson Bay.

Answer 410

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Rivers denude rocks through which they flow carrying their minerals in form of salt solutions depositing them in sea where as rain water is pure with no such mineral content.

Answer 411

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: During floods the material carried by river is deposited at its banks forming a ridge like structure termed as natural levees. These occur as irregular ridges with mounds at certain places.

Answer 412

Ans: (D) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The rise & fall of sea water due to gravity is termed as tide. It is combined effect of gravitational forces of moon and sun. As moon is closer to Earth than Sun, its gravitational pull is more as compared to that of Sun.

Answer 413

Ans: (A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Also termed as Circum- Pacific Belt, it is the result of tectonic plate movement. 90% of earthquakes and volcanoes occur here. It lies around Pacific Ocean

Answer 414

Ans: (C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Lagoon is a relief feature in which shallow water body is separated from larger water body by barrier island or reef.

Answer 415

Ans: (B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: The Siberian continental shelf form the world's widest continental shelf in Arctic Ocean.

Answer 416

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Hydro power Projects work on the principle of harnessing the potential energy of water stored at some height. As the water is released from the dam through narrow channel it falls on the turbine and produces motion in turbine to produce electricity.

Answer 417

(A) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: In the north of former capital, Yangon, lies the new capital of Myanmar named as Naypyitaw.

Answer 418

(C) (SSC CPO 2007) Exp: Corsica is French Island lying in Mediterranean Sea to the North of Italian Island Sardinia.

Answer 419

"(A) (SSC CPO 2006) Exp: ""Three Gorges Dam"" is a hydroelectric dam built across Yangtze River in Hubei Province of China."

Answer 420

(D) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Its a fish found in Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia.

Answer 421

(C) (SSC CPO 2007) Exp: In all other 3 options countries are correctly matched with their capitals. Seoul is the capital of South Korea whereas Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea.

Answer 422

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2013) Exp: Country with respect to Capital Argentina - Buenos Aires Columbia - Bogota Egypt - Cairo Zimbabwe - Harare

Answer 423

(B) (SSC CPO Exam, 2006) Exp: Heligoland is an archipelago which at present is administered by Germany in North Sea. Earlier these were occupied by Denmark & later by Britain.

Answer 424

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2014) Exp: Africa lies beyond 30°N & 30° S Latitudes & from 50° E (approx) to beyond 10° W Longitude. Hence it lies in Northern Southern & Eastern Western Hemisphere.

Answer 425

(A) (SSC CPO 2007) Exp: It was said so, as little was known about Africa hence the resources were not explored & utilised properly.

Answer 426

(D) (SSC CPO Exam, 2009) Exp: Tin Bigha Corridor is a strip of land in West Bengal on Indian border which was leased to Bangladesh in 2011 so as to provide it access to its Dahagram-Angarpota enclaves.

Answer 427

(C) (SSC Tax Asst. 2006) Exp: SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. The members of SAARC are Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka & Maldives.

Answer 428

(C) (SSC Tax Asst 2006, CPO 2003, SSC MTS 2002) Exp: Greenland is a territory of Denmark lying between North Atlantic Ocean & Arctic Ocean in Northern Hemisphere.

Answer 429

(C) (SSC MTS Exam, 2013) Exp: Island Size Greenland (Denmark) 2.1 million km2 New Guinea 0.78 million km2 Borneo 0.74 million km2 Madgascar 0.58 million km2

Answer 430

(D) (SSC LDC 2005) Exp: With an archipelago of 115 islands in Indian Ocean in East of African continent lies Seychelles which is smaller than other 3 given options.

Answer 431

(D) (SSC CGL 2006) Exp: Iraq forms border with Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran.

Answer 432

(A) (SSC MTS 2008) Exp: With the population of around 500, European country Vatican City has smallest population in the world.

Answer 433

(B) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: The south eastern Asian country of Thailand was earlier known by the name of Siam.

Answer 434

(B) (SSC CGL 2006) Exp: Kruger National Park is in South Africa. Mainly lions, leopards, rhinos, elephants & buffalos are found in abundance. It is situated in N.E. South Africa.

Answer 435

(A) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: Saudi Arabia has Persian Gulf at its Northern margin and Red Sea at its Southern margin.

Answer 436

(A) (SSC Steno. 2015) Exp: Industrial Revolution first occured in England. Then iron was started to be used on wide scale for building bridges.

Answer 437

(D) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: With the meagre distance of 50km, Khyber Pass stands closer to Peshawar as compared to other passes.

Answer 438

(D) (SSC (10+2) 2010) Exp: As most of the South America lies in humid temperate zone & also the fact that equator passes through South America, the climate is mostly humid.

Answer 439

(C)Exp: With an area of about 919,595 mile2, Algeria stands to be the largest country in Africa. Earlier, Sudan had this tag until South Sudan detached itself from mother country & became a new nation.

Answer 440

(B) (SSC 10+2 2015) Exp: The East African country Rwanda is the land locked country with capital Kigali.

Answer 441

(B) (SSC Steno 2005) Exp: Suez Canal connects Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea & separates African continent from Asia continent.

Answer 442

(C) (SSC 10+2 2013) Exp: Colombo lies on the western side of Sri Lanka where lies the water body of Gulf of Mannar. So, Gulf of Mannar has to be crossed to reach Kanyakumari.

Answer 443

(C) (SSC CPO 2008) Exp: Inaugurated on 1st July 2008 by Ministry of Earth Sciences, India, Himadri is first Arctic station of India.

Answer 444

"(C) (SSC SO 2007) Exp: These three countries are opium producing countries located strategically between Central, Southern & Western Asia.Hence named as ""Golden Crescent""."

Answer 445

(B) (SSC 10+2 2012) Exp: Juba is capital and the largest city of South Sudan and also a provincial capital.

Answer 446

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Great Barrier Reef is located on the off shore region of Eastern Australia in the Pacific Ocean. It runs parallel to eastern coast of Australia.

Answer 447

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: As the counter measure to the Gwadar port being developed by rival nations China & Pakistan in Pakistan, India is developing the strategically important Chabahar port in Iran. This port will provide India an access to Central Asian countries & Afghanistan.

Answer 448

"(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: ""Great barrier Reef"" is located parallel to the Eastern coast of Australia."

Answer 449

(B) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: An artificial sea canal built by English in 19th century to shorten the trading route between Asia & Europe connects Red Sea with Mediterranean Sea.

Answer 450

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Situated on Iberian Peninsula (Spain) Strait of Gibraltar separates Europe from Africa & connects two large water bodies, Atlantic Ocean & Mediterranean Sea.

Answer 451

(B) (SSC CPO 2006) Exp: It is a mountainous region with dense, evergreen forests in South West Germany bordering France & surrounded by Rhine Valley.

Answer 452

(A)Exp: It was most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan with magnitude of 9.1 (approx). Its epicentre was under sea due to which Tsunami originated and devastated the coastal areas. Even Fukushima nuclear reactors got damaged leading to radioactive radiations.

Answer 453

(C) (SSC Steno. 2005) Exp: Red Indians are the Native American tribes of U.S.A

Answer 454

(B) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Maasai tribe is found in Africa on the border region of Kenya & Tanzania. This tribe performs animal husbandry. They build circular huts with sticks & bushes & keep zebu cattle.

Answer 455

(B) (SSC MTS 2013) Exp: Maasai tribe of African origin is found in the border region of Kenya and Tanzania. It lives in patchy settlements termed as Bara (Village).

Answer 456

(C) (SSC (10+2) 2015) Exp: Mongoloids are Indigenous people of East, Central South East & North Asia. They are also found in Arctic, Americas and Pacific. They are of medium height & pale colour.

Answer 457

(B) (SSC Sec. off 2006) Exp: High birth rate (annual no. of birth/1000 population) along with low mortality rate (annual no. of death/1000 population) is a condition responsible for huge population growth. It is mostly found in developing countries. e.g. Bangladesh and India.

Answer 458

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2012) Exp: Population density is given by population per unit area.

Answer 459

(A) (SSC (10+2) 2010) Exp: Population density = No. of people Unit Area

Answer 460

(C) (SSC CPO 2005,2006) Exp: Indonesia has world's largest Muslim population i.e. 202.9 million (approx) which is 87.2% of its total population.

Answer 461

(C) (SSC Tax Asst 2006) Exp: In this stage birth rate falls & death rate declines further but population still grows as birth rate exceeds death rate. e.g. India, China

Answer 462

(C) (SSC Tax Asst 2006) Exp: Descending order of countries in literacy rate: Sri Lanka >India> Pakistan>Bangladesh(in 2006). At present, Sri Lanka (92%)> India (72%)>Bangladesh (61%) > Pakistan (56%)

Answer 463

(A) (SSC Sec. off. 2006) Exp: Canada was largest producer of Uranium (till 2006). Presently, Kazakhstan with a production of 23,800 tonnes (approx) is largest producer of Uranium.

Answer 464

(B) (SSC (10+2) Exam, 2014) Exp: It is the branch of science which is concerned with the processes of atmosphere. eg. forecasting weather.

OP phy geo Flashcards

(488 cards)