op pol 1 Flashcards

Question

25.In which of the form, composit India has been described in the constitution? (A) A Union State (B) Semi-Federal (C) Federation of States and Territories (D) Partly Unitary and Partly Federal

Answer 1

"(A) (SSC Steno. 2005, CGL 2000,SSC Matric Level 1999,2000,02, Sec. off. 2006) Exp: Article 1 says, ""India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of states."" The term union was suggested by Dr. BR Ambedkar, which indicates two things - first, Indian Union is not a result of agreement of sovereign states and second, state do not have right to secede from union."

Answer 2

(C) (SSC (10+2) Date Entry Operator & LDC) 2012) Exp: India is a country which has parliamentary form of government with federal system of governance that has a feature of Independence of Judiciary. Presidential form of government is a feature of USA and France.

Answer 3

(C) (SSC FCI Assistant Grade-III 2012) Exp: On the basis of distribution of powers between the centre and states, the government is classified into two Unitary and Federal government. In Unitary form of govt all powers are kept with center, some of which can be delegated to state whereas in federal government there is complete division of powers between center and state.

Answer 4

(B) (SSC Matric Level 2008) Exp: Though Indian constitution has characteristics of federal structure, still it is called 'quasi-federal' in nature. This is because, in federal structure there is complete seperation of powers between center and states and center cannot interfere in affairs of state and vice-versa. Whereas in India there are provisions under which center can interfere in powers of state under few circumstances like national emergency, which makes it quasi-federal.

Answer 5

(B) (SSC Matric Level 2008) Exp: Parliamentary system of government is a system in which there is close relationship between executive and legislature and executive is part of legislature.

Answer 6

(D) (SSC Matric Level 2008) Exp: Democratic socialism is a political ideology which aims at political democracy alongside social ownership of means of production i.e. socialism through democratic me

Answer 7

(B) (SSC CHSL DEO & LDC 2014) Exp: The concept of basic structure was given by supreme court in Keshwananda Bharti case, 1973. At that time court did not define what is basic structure. Supreme court in subsequent cases defined some of the basic structures. In S.R. Bommai case, 1994 which was related to misuse of article 356 i.e. state emergency or President's rule, Supreme Court stated 'Secularism' and 'Federalism' as basic structures of constitution.

Answer 8

(D) (SSC CHSL 2013) Exp: Democratic system is a system in which all the citizens have equality of opportunity and rights, to which they can protect to exercise power directly or elect their representatives through free and unbiased election

Answer 9

(B) (SSC Tax Asst. 2008) Exp: U.S.A. enjoys a truely federal form of govt. It established dual form of government i.e. federal/central government and state governments. Neither is subordinate to other but are coordinate and independent within the sphere alloted to them.

Answer 10

(A) (SSC Grad. 2010) Exp: 16th President of U.S.A. ,Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as government of the people, by the people and for the people.

Answer 11

(D) (SSC Grad. 2014) Exp: Presidential form of government is that form of government in which there is separation of powers between executive and legislature. Here executive is not the part of legislature unlike parliamentary form of govt.

Answer 12

(A) (SSC Grad. 2006) Exp: • Presidential system separation of powers between executive and legislature. • Parliamentary system close relationship between executive and legislature and also executive is accountable to legislature. • Federal system division of powers between center and states governments. • Unitary system Concentration of power in hands of central govt.

Answer 13

(C) (SSC CHSL 1999) Exp:In federal form of government there is a complete division of powers between center and states. Constitution is the guiding document which confers powers to state government and central government in this set up.

Answer 14

(B) (SSC CGL 2014) Exp: Parliamentary democracy envisages a cabinet form of government with a president as a nominal head of executive. In this set up ministers are collectively responsible towards parliament in general and lower house in particular.

Answer 15

(A) (SSC CPO-SI 2014) Exp: Presidential form of government is the one in which there is separation of powers between executive and legislature and President, who is the executive head, is independent of legislature.

Answer 16

(C) (SSC Malti Tasking 2013) Exp: In presidential system of government members of executive are not members of either House of legislature. U.S.A and France follows the presidential system of government.

Answer 17

(B) (SSC CHSL 2001) Exp: In constitutional government, the government functions under the provisions written in a document called constitution which sets out framework and principal functions of government. Here, the person who is leading the government may change but rules or provisions under constitution should not change.

Answer 18

"(A) Exp: In UK, there is a convention that ""once a speaker always a speaker"". British speaker is elected at the beginning of parliament by and from among the members of House of Commons. If the speaker of outgoing Parliament is still a member of the house and is willing to be re-elected, he can do so. Usually, he is re-elected as many times as he wants. A change of party does not make any difference."

Answer 19

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2002) Exp: A Federal structure for India was first put forward in Government of India Act of 1935. The act divided the powers between centre and provinces in terms of three lists namely Federal list, Provincial list and the Concurrent list. Residuary powers were vested with Viceroy.

Answer 20

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Democracy is government by the people in which supreme power is vested in people and exercised directly or indirectly by them. India, U.S.A and Norway are considered as democracies. China is a communist country where power is centralised to one ruling party.

Answer 21

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2014) Exp: There is always a big difference in between principle and behaviour in parliamentary form of government. In principle, President is executive head of state, but real repository of all executive powers is Prime Minister.

Answer 22

(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2014) Exp: In presidential form of government, head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from legislative branch. There is a fix term for both executive and legislature which stabilizes the system. This form of government ensures speedy execution of policies along with protection of freedom of people.

Answer 23

(C) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: First Central Legislative Assembly was constituted in 1921 by GOI Act, 1919, implementing MontaguChelmsford Reforms. Assembly had 145 members who were either nominated or indirectly elected from provinces.

Answer 24

(C) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: Central legislative assembly was established in 1921 which consisted of 145 members. Frederick Whyte was first President while Vitthal Bhai Patel became the first Indian President of central legislature in 1925.

Answer 25

(C)Exp: Democracy is rule by the people directly or indirectly. Whereas, Local governance is an example of devolution of powers or decentralization. It provides power to govern to the people at local level. Therefore, local governance establishes foundation of democracy as both have citizens or people at its core.

Answer 26

(A) (SSC Multi-Tasking Exam 2011) Exp: Sovereign Parliament means Parliament is free from outside influence and it has undisputed legal authority. It is a contibution of England which has given the parliamentary form to the world.

Answer 27

(A) (SSC multitasking Exam, 2013) Exp: Most striking difference between GOI Act, 1935 and present constitution is the presence of fundamental rights in constitution which forms Part-3 of constitution. It is similar to the Bill of Rights of U.S. constitution.

Answer 28

(A) (SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam 2011) Exp: Single citizenship in India can be understood in two contexts. First, Indian Citizens cannot acquire citizenship of another country and vice-versa. And secondly, in India there is only national citizenship and no seperate citizenship of states unlike U.S.A.

Answer 29

(A) (SSC CGL Tier-1 2014) Exp: Lord Dicey popularised the concept of Rule of law in Britain. Rule of law means 'law is supreme' and 'no one is above the law'. In India, constitution is supreme law of land.

Answer 30

(B) (SSC Matric 2008, CGL 2006) Exp: India adopted federal system with a strong center from Canada. Other Provisions adopted from Canada are distribution of powers between union and states, placing residuary powers with centre, and appointment of governer by center.

Answer 31

(C) (SSC CHSL 2012) Exp: Indian federalism is closer to Canada as both has a federal system with a strong center. Similarly, Federation of Australia and USA are closer to each other.

Answer 32

(D) (SSC CHSL 2012) Exp: Though India has federal system of governance, the word 'Federal' is nowhere mentioned in the constitution. Instead, Article -1, defines India as 'Union of states'.

Answer 33

(B) (SSC MTS 2014) Exp: Centralized government or unitary form of government is the one in which country is governed by a single unit of power. Therefore, single government, Flexible constitution and dependent state are features of this.

Answer 34

(A) (SSC Tax Asst. 2006) Exp: Though president is the executive head of union, his powers are nominal. The real repository of all executive powers of union is Prime Minister. Same is the governance system in Britain where British Crown has same powers which President of India has.

Answer 35

(A) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: India's First budget was introduced in February, 1860 by James Wilson. It was introduced during the Viceroyalty of Lord Canning.

Answer 36

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Part-IV of Indian constitution, Article 36 to 51 describes DPSP which has been adopted from Irish constitution. Other Provisions borrowed from Irish constitution are Method of election of president and

Answer 37

(B) (SSC CGL 2006) Exp: Judicial review is power of judiciary to review any law passed by legislature or act done by executive. Article- 13 provides this power to judiciary in cases related to violation of Fundamental rights. This provision has been borrowed from U.S.A.

Answer 38

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Article -61 defines the procedure of impeachment of President which has been borrowed from constitution of U.S.A.. Other features borrowed from U.S.A. are Independence of judiciary, President as executive head, Fundamental rights, Judicial Review, Preamble, removal of judges of supreme court and high court, and Vice president as ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Answer 39

(D) (SSC lower divisional Exam 2005) Exp: same as above

Answer 40

(C) (SSC CHSL 2015) Exp: Parliamentary form of government is a type of government in which Council of Ministers is collectively responsible towards the lower house in particular and Parliament in general. This feature has been borrowed from Britain along with law making procedures, rule of law and single citizenship.

Answer 41

(B) (SSC MTS 2011) Exp: President of India nominates 12 members to Rajya Sabha. Any person having special knowledge and practical Experience in art, science, literature and social service can be nominated to Rajya Sabha. We borrowed this feature from Ireland.

Answer 42

(C) (SSC CHSL 2013) Exp: As per 7th Schedule of constitution, there are three lists - Union list, State list and Concurrent list. Concurrent list which has currently 52 subject matters has been borrowed from Australia. Others provisions borrowed from Australia are provisions regarding trade, commerce and intercourse.

Answer 43

"(B) (SSC Steno. 2005) Exp: Popular slogan of French Revolution (1789) was ""Liberty, Equality and Fraternity"". These three are also ideals of constitution of India along with 'justice' which is inspired from Russian revolution."

Answer 44

(D) (SSC MTS 2006) Exp: France is an example of Unitary and Presidential form of government whereas Britain has Unitary and Parliamentary form of government. India, U.S.A. and Canada all are federation.

Answer 45

(D) (SSC CGL 2015) Exp: Parliament has passed Environment (conservation and protection) Act in 1986. This act was passed in the wake of Bhopal gas Tragedy to avoid such incidents in future.

Answer 46

Ans (C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Democracy is basically of two types-direct and indirect. In direct democracy people directly participate in policy initiatives. Whereas in indirect democracy or representative democracy policy initiatives are being taken by representatives elected by people. India has representative democracy.

Answer 47

"(B)Exp: Concept of constitution first originated in Britain which has unwritten constitution. England's Parliament, often called ""Mother of parliaments"" has existed for over seven centuries and founding document of its constitution is considered as Magna Carta signed by King John in 1215."

Answer 48

(D) (SSC Combined Matric Level Pre 2002) Exp: 'Cabinet system' and 'collective responsibility' are features of parliamentary form of government, which is contribution of Britain. 'Cabinet' is a group of ministers within Council of Ministers which is power-center of decision making whereas ' collective responsibility' means existence of Council of Ministers is only till they enjoy majority in lower house and all their actions are subject to scrutiny of parliament.

Answer 49

(A) (SSC (10+2) Level Date Entry Operator & LDC 2013) Exp: Ideals of Indian democracy can be seen in the Preamble which has been borrowed from U.S.A. Ideals mentioned in Preamble are justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.

Answer 50

(B) (SSC CAPFs SI, CISF ASI & Delhi Police SI 2014) Exp: Popular veto is a form of direct democracy, where voters also participate in legislation through a petition. This system is found in Switzerland.

Answer 51

(C) (SSC CHSL (10+2) DEO & LDC 2014) Exp: Universal Adult Franchise means every citizen who is an adult has the right to vote without any discrimination. Article-326 assures people's right to vote. Free and unbiased elections are elements of democracy and right to vote shows India is a country which is democratic.

Answer 52

(C) (SSC CPO SI, ASI 2016) Exp: Article - 368, Part XX of Indian constitution talks about power of parliament to amend the constitution and its procedure. This provision has been borrowed from South Africa.

Answer 53

(C) (SSC CPO 2016) Exp: Constitution can be either written constitution or unwritten constitution. Unwritten constitution means no single book where all the laws are written. Whereas in written constitution all laws are written in a single book. U.S.A. was the first country to have written constitution. India borrowed this feature from U.S.A. only.

Answer 54

(D) (SSC-CGL 2000) Exp: Most profound influence in framing constitution was exercised by GOI Act, 1935. Majority of provisions in constitution have been adopted from GOI Act, 1935. Federal scheme, office of governor, power of federal judiciary, emergency powers etc. were drawn from this act.

Answer 55

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp:Article-14 talks about two concepts of equalityEquality before law and equal protection of law. Equality before law is a British concept whereas equal protection of law has been borrowed from U.S constitution.

Answer 56

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: The westminster parliamentary system is a democratic system of government modelled after that of United Kingdom system, as used in the palace of Westminster, the location of the parliament of UK.

Answer 57

(B) (SSC CHSL Exam 2014) Exp: The system of government accounting and auditing through post of Comptroller and Auditor General as it exists today is legacy of British Raj. The introduction of constitutional reforms in 1919 through GOI Act, 1919 brought about statutory recognition to the post of Comptroller and Auditor General.

Answer 58

(D) (SSC Stenographer C & D 2016) Exp: M.N. Roy for the first time in 1934 came up with the idea of constituent assembly which became official demand of India National congress in 1935. And this demand for constituent assembly was first accepted by Britishers in August Offer of 1940.

Answer 59

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Constituent Assembly was set up in 1946 which took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to frame the constitution. Initially, It consisted of total of 389 members, out of which 296 were elected by provincial assemblies and 93 were nominated by princely states. After partition of India number of total members reduced to 299, out of which 229 were from provincial assemblies and 70 from princely states

Answer 60

(D) (SSC CGL Tier-1 2013,SSC Grad. 2004)) Exp: Demand for constituent assembly was first accepted in August offer of 1940 by British government. But it was constituted on the scheme of Cabinet mission plan of 1946

Answer 61

(B) (SSC 2006,SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: First meeting was presided over by the oldest member of assembly, Dr. Sachidanand Sinha on 9th December, 1946. He was the temporary/interim chairman. Later on, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent chairman of constituent assembly.

Answer 62

(B) (SSC CGL 2000,06, MTS 1999) Exp: Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as chairman/ president of constituent assembly of India on 11th Dec. 1946. Later on, he became the first President of Independent India. H.C. Mukherjee was elected as vicepresident of assembly.

Answer 63

(B) (SSC CPO Exam 2015) Exp: The members of constituent assembly were elected indirectly by the members of Provincial Assemblies in the ratio of one member per one million population by method of proportional representation through single transferable vote system.

Answer 64

(C) (SSC Stenographer Exam 2014,SSC CPO 2006, Matric 2006) Exp: B.N. Rau was appointed as Legal advisor of the constituent assembly. He also assisted in drafting the early constitution of Burma i.e. present day Myanmar.

Answer 65

"(B) (SSC Multi Tasking Exam 2011) Exp: B.R. Ambedkar is considered as the 'Maker of constitution' or the 'Father of Indian constitution'. He was the chairman of drafting committee which drafted the constitution that is why he is also called ""Chief Architect of constitution."""

Answer 66

(D) (SSC CPO 2015) Exp: Rajendra Prasad was not a member of drafting committee. He was president of constituent assembly. Drafting committee whose chairman was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar consisted of 7 members. Other members of committee were - K.M. Munshi, Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer, N Gopalaswami Ayengar, B.L. Mitter (later replaced by Madhav Rao), Md. Saadullah, D. P. Khaitan (later replaced by T. T. Krishnamachari).

Answer 67

(C)Exp: Constituent assembly consisted of 389 members initially and 299 after partition of India. Its prominent members were Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, C. Rajagopalachari, J.B. Kripalani, K.M. Munshi, Asaf Ali etc. Jay Prakash Narayan was not a member of it.

Answer 68

(A) (SSC CHSL Exam 2014) Exp: Interim parliament of India had 296 members. Interim government was formed from the members of this interim parliament on 2nd September, 1946

Answer 69

(C) (SSC CGL 2016) Exp: Chairman of drafting committee was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. This committee was set up on 29th August 1947 to prepare the draft of constitution of India. It consisted of 7 members.

Answer 70

(A) Exp: Fundamental rights sub-committee was given the task to draft the fundamental rights. This committee was headed by J.B. Kripalani who was the president of Indian National congress during the time of independence.

Answer 71

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Objective resolution was moved in constituent Assembly by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru on 13th December 1946 which ultimately became the preamble to the constitution of India. It set out main objectives which were intended to achieve by constituent assembly while formation of constitution.

Answer 72

"(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Our National Anthem ""Jan Gana Mana"" which is written by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, was first sung at Kolkata session of Indian National Congress in 1911. It was officially adopted by constituent assembly as National Anthem of India on 24th January 1950, which was also the last day of constituent assembly. SSC CGL & CPO - 2017"

Answer 73

(D) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: K.C. Wheare described Constitution of India as 'Quasi-federal'. Quasi-federal set-up is a Federal system with inclination towards Unitary system. In this set-up Centre can interfere in State matters during certain circumstances unlike in federal set-up.

Answer 74

(B) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Emergency provision in Indian constitution has been drawn from Govt. of India Act of 1935 and also borrowed from Weimar constitution of Germany. Article - 352 deals with national emergency and it can be evoked on grounds of national security, threat and internal armed rebellion.

Answer 75

(A) (SSC CHSL Exam 2013) Exp: Values of Indian democracy can be seen in Preamble of constitution. It is a brief introductory statement of constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles. It is based on Objective Resolution moved by Jawahar Lal Nehru in constituent assembly which set out main objectives which were intended to achieve by constituent assembly while formation of constitution.

Answer 76

(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Preamble is called the 'Soul of constitution' because whenever there arises any doubt in interpretation of constitution, the matter is decided in light of preamble.

Answer 77

(C) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006,SSC CPO Exam 2008,SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Preamble describes the nature of Indian state. It gives a clear picture about the type of India which is to be constituted i.e. a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.

Answer 78

"(D) (SSC CPO Exam 2003,07,09) Exp: Nowhere in the constitution, the word ""Federal"" is being mentioned. Whereas Preamble of India declare India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic polity."

Answer 79

(B) (SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam 2015) Exp: Popular Sovereignty is the principle, according to which the government is created by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are source of all political powers.

Answer 80

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: U.S.A was the first country to adopt preamble for its written constitution. India followed the same.

Answer 81

(C) (SSC CHSL Exam 2014) Exp: Preamble was amended only once in 42nd amendment act of 1976. Words 'Socialist' ,'Secular' and 'Integrity' were added into preamble by this amendment act after report of Sardar Swarn Singh Committee.

Answer 82

(C) (SSC Grad. 2008) Exp: Same as above

Answer 83

(A) (SSC CGL 2016,SSC CPO SI 2009) Exp: Same as above

Answer 84

(C) (SSC Grad. 2006) Exp: Same as above

Answer 85

(D) (SSC FCI Exam 2012) Exp:Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternitiy are mentioned in preamble as ideologies on which constitution of India works. Whereas Adult suffrage is mentioned under article -326 and not in Preamble. Article- 326 talks about people's right to vote.

Answer 86

(C) (SSC CHSL Exam 2012) Exp: Philosophy and values of makers of constitution are reflected in preamble. It embodies the essence of entire constitution and sets out main objectives, which constituent assembly intended to achieve

Answer 87

(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp:Keshavananda Bharti vs State of Kerela case, 1973 was most important legal battle of Indian constitution. While pronouncing the judgement, S.C. came out with the concept of basic structure of constitution to limit the power of Parliament to amend the Fundamental rights.

Answer 88

(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp:Constitution of India works on the ideology of Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity which are embedded in Preamble. Preamble assures justice which is not only political but also social and economic. It assures liberty of thought, Expression, belief, faith and worship along with equality of status and opportunity and promotes among them all, the fraternity which assures dignity of individual and unity and integrity of nation..

Answer 89

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp:Preamble of India pledges to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic. Sovereign here means undisputed legal authority whereas Socialist signifies achievement of socialist pattern of society through democratic me The word 'Secular' defines that state has no religion of its own and word 'Democratic' means only rulers elected by people have authority to run government. Republic signifies that head of country is elected.

Answer 90

"(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Preamble tells us the source of constitution. It says, ""We, the people of India do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution."""

Answer 91

(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Objective of social along with political and economic justice has been articulated in Preamble of constitution.

Answer 92

(D) (SSC CPO Pre. 2016) Exp: Preamble of India consists of attributes of Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Fraternity under constitution assures dignity of individual and integrity of Nation. According to this, we should behave as if we belong to the same family and no one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior.

Answer 93

(D) (SSC Multi-Tasking 2017) Exp: Fraternity as enshrined in the constitution means a sense of brotherhood prevailing amongst all sections of the people. This is sought to be achieved by making the state secular, guaranteeing fundamental and other rights equally to people of all sections, and protecting their interests.

Answer 94

"(A) (SSC FCI Pre. 2012) Exp: The term ""Secular State"" for India does not mean that India is non-religious or irreligious or anti-religious, but it simply means that state has no religion of its own and it follows the age-old Indian principle of ""Sarva Dharma Samabhava"". And also State regards religions as private affairs of citizens and does not discriminate on this basis."

Answer 95

(C) (SSC CHSL Pre.2006) Exp: Same as above

Answer 96

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Preamble of constitution of India mentions India as a Secular State. This word 'Secular' was added in preamble in 1976 after 42nd amendment act.

Answer 97

"(A) (SSC Constable 2011) Exp: The 'Objective Resolution"" proposed by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, on 13th December, 1946 and passed by constituent assembly, ultimately became the preamble to the constitution. It sets out main objectives which constituent Assembly intended to achieve."

Answer 98

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2000) Exp: According to constitution at the time of its commencement on 26th January 1950, India was a Sovereign, Democratic, Republic. It got constitutional status of being Socialist and Secular after 42nd amendment act of 1976.

Answer 99

(D) (SSC CPO Exam 2003,07,09) Exp: There is no direct mention of the term union in the preamble of constitution. But the spirit to maintain India as a union is mentioned under preamble, in form of maintaining unity and integrity of Nation.

Answer 100

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: A state in which supreme power is held by people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected head of state is said to be a republic state. India is a republic because in India, President who is head of state is elected for a definite period of time and representatives elected by people are repository of all powers.

Answer 101

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2006) Exp: Same as above

Answer 102

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Communism is an ideology whose ultimate goal is establishment of communist society in which there is common ownership of means of production and absence of social classes and the state. Preamble of constitution of India declares India to be Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic. It does not include communist.

Answer 103

(C) (SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam 2015) Exp: Liberalism is a political ideology which includes a broad spectrum of political philosophies that consider individual liberty to be the most important political goal, and emphasize individual rights and equality of opportunity. It includes Social, Religious, Political and economic freedom.

Answer 104

(B) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2008) Exp: First Schedule of constitution specifies the names of States and Union Territories. According to it, currently India has 7 Union Territories including National Capital Territory of Delhi. Others being Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshwadeep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Chandigarh and Puducherry.

Answer 105

(B) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2012) Exp: Same as above

Answer 106

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2015) Exp: Same as above

Answer 107

(D) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2015) Exp: First Schedule of constitution mentions the names of States and their territorial jurisdictions. As per this Schedule, currently India has 29 states. Latest addition in name of states is of Telangana which was created by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.

Answer 108

(D) (SSC Steno. 2005, Sec. Officer 2006) Exp: At the time of commencement of constitution, there were 8 Schedules. But at present, there are 12 Schedules in constitution of India. Newly added Schedules 9, 10, 11 and 12 are related to land reforms, anti-defection law, Panchayati Raj and Urban local bodies respectively.

Answer 109

(C) (SSC Matric Level 2001,2008) Exp: Eighth Schedule of Indian constitution includes the languages recognised by constitution. Origionally it had 14 but presently there are 22 languages under this Schedule.

Answer 110

(C) (SSC CHSL 2013) Exp: English is not mentioned under 8th Schedule. Languages mentioned in 8th Schedule are- Assamese, Bengali, Guajarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telgu, Urdu, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali.

Answer 111

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Originally there were 14 languages in 8th Schedule. Later on, First, Sindhi was added by 21st amendment act. After that Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by 71st amendment act and 92nd amendment act introduced Bodo, dogri, Maithili and Santhali.

Answer 112

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Sindhi, Kannda and Konkani are languages recognised by constitution under Eighth Schedule. Whereas, sikh is not a language, rather sikh is a person belonging to one of the world's major religions, Sikhism.

Answer 113

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: First Schedule lists the names of States and their territorial jurisdiction along with names of Union Territories and their extent. Second Schedule talks about provisions related to salaries and emoluments whereas third schedule talks about oath and affirmation of certain office bearers. Fourth schedule is regarding allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha to state and U.T.

Answer 114

(B) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Fifth Schedule of constitution contains provision relating to administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes in several states

Answer 115

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: First constitutional amendment included Ninth Schedule in constitution of India, which provided that by incorporating any law into it, the state would make it immune from Judicial scrutiny. It provided for validation of certain acts and regulations, mostly relating to land reform

Answer 116

(D) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Sixth Schedule of constitution contains provisions relating to administration of Tribal Areas in state of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

Answer 117

(C) (SSC Tax Asst. 2007) Exp: Economic and social planning is in Concurrent list. On the subject matters of Concurrent list both center and states can make laws. But in Concurrent list center has an upper hand. And in case of conflict on any subject matter of Concurrent list, the decision of center will be final.

Answer 118

(B) (SSC CHSL 2012) Exp: Labour union is a subject of Concurrent list. Whereas, inter-state rivers and citizenship are under Union list. Local governance is a subject under State list.

Answer 119

(B) (SSC CHSL 2013) Exp: Presently, Concurrent list contains 52 subject matters which were only 47 in origional constitution. Labour union along with Forest, conservation of wild animals and birds, Transfer of property other than agriculture land, Bankruptcy and insolvency, criminal law etc. comes under Concurrent list. Whereas share market and future market are subjects of Union list.

Answer 120

(A) (SSC Steno. 2011) Exp:Agriculture is a subject of State list. On the subject matter of State-list only state lagislature has the power to make laws except on few circumstances when parliament can also make laws in State list. Here, defence is a subject under Union list whereas education and criminal law are subjects of Concurrent list.

Answer 121

(C) (SSC CGL Tier -1 2012) Exp: Labour union is a subject in concurrent list while census, Banking and Foreign debt are subjects of union list. On the subject matter of union list only parliament has the power to make laws

Answer 122

(B) (SSC CAPFs (CPO) 2016) Exp: Seventh Schedule of Indian constitution deals with distribution of powers between union and states. There are three lists in this schedule under which subject matters are distributed between union and states. These are Union list, State list and Concurrent list.

Answer 123

(D) (SSC CAPFs (CPO) 2016) Exp: 10th Schedule of constitution contains provision with respect to disqualification of legislators on grounds of defection. 52nd amendment act added this schedule to constitution which is also known as anti-defection law.

Answer 124

(A) (SSC Combined Graduate level 2007) Exp: Fourth schedule of Indian constitution contains provisions regarding allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha to states and union territories. Allocation of seats is done on the basis of population in states and union territories.

Answer 125

(C) (SSC CHSL Exam 2014) Exp: At the time of commencement of constitution- Union list, State list and Concurrent list were comprised of 97, 66 and 47 subject matters respectively. But at present, number of subject matters have changed in each list i.e. Union list, State list and Concurrent list to 101, 61 and 52.

Answer 126

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2004) Exp: Education is a subject mentioned under Concurrent list. Which means both centre and states have right to legislate on subject of education in India.

Answer 127

(C) (SSC FCI Pre. 2012) Exp: At the time of its integration into Indian union, Jammu and Kashmir was given some special priviledges under Article-370. This established that any law made by parliament will be applicable in state of Jammu and Kashmir, only if it has got an approval of Government of Jammu and Kashmir.

Answer 128

(A) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2000) Exp: Trade union is a subject under Concurrent list. Whereas Agriculture, Tolls and Markets and Fairs are subjects of State list.

Answer 129

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2002) Exp: Civil affairs like marriage, divorce, inheritance etc. is a subject under Concurrent list. Here both centre and states have been authorised by constitution to legislate.

Answer 130

(A) (SSC Tax Asst. Exam 2008) Exp: As per Seventh Schedule of constitution, there are three lists which contain all legislative subjects. These are Union list, State list and Concurrent list. Article 248 says, any subject, if not mentioned in above three lists, comes under residuary list which is completely under control of parliament.

Answer 131

(D) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 132

(C) (31 Aug. 2016 (Morning)) Exp: Same as above

Answer 133

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Indian Constitution is longest written constitution in the world. Original constitution contained 22 Parts, 395 Articles and 8 Schedules. Currently there are 25 Parts, 448 Articles and 12 Schedules in constitution of India.

Answer 134

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Same as above.

Answer 135

(B) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Part-II, Article-5 to Article-11, contains provisions related to citizenship in India. Article-11 of constitution authorizes parliament to make any provision with respect to acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters related to it. Based on this parliament passed citizenship (acquisition and termination) act, 1955.

Answer 136

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Part-III, Article-12 to Article-35 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights in India. This part contains 6 set of fundamental rights.

Answer 137

(C) (SSC CHSL 2013) Exl. Part IV -, Article-36 to Article-51 deals with directive principles of state policy. These are ideals which state should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws.

Answer 138

(A) (SSC CHSL 2013) Exp: Part IV-A deals with Fundamental duties which was added by 42nd Amendment Act. Whereas Part-IX deals with panchayat and Part IX-A deals with municipalities which were added into constitution by 73rd and 74th Amendment Act respectively. Part VIII which was there in original constitution deals with union territories. SSC CGL & CPO 2017

Answer 139

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:10th Schedule of constitution exclusively deals with provisions of anti-defection of the members of legislature on grounds of defection.

Answer 140

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: UNO is an international organization. Only Union has the prerogative to deal with organization. Therefore, it cannot be in any list other than Union.

Answer 141

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Trade unions is listed in the concurrent list of Seventh Schedule of the constitution. The list covers 52 items and include Criminal Law, IPC, Criminal Procedure, Marriage and divorce, Bankruptcy and insolvency, Forests and Education.

Answer 142

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Taxes on lands and building is listed in state list of 7th Schedule of Constitution. The state list encompasses 61 items. Few other subjects are public order, prisons, public health, liquors, agriculture and inland waterways.

Answer 143

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Forests are listed in concurrent list. This list covers 52 items including Criminal Law, IPC, Criminal Procedure, Marriage & divorce, Bankruptcy & Insolvency, Forests, Education.

Answer 144

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Foreign jurisdiction, foreign affairs, defence, communication, are part of Union list. In federal system, there has been clear division and separation of powers to avoid any conflict between centre, state and local government.

Answer 145

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Betting and gambling, public order, agriculture, public health, liquor, agriculture, entertainment are parts of state list.

Answer 146

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Prevention of cruelty to animals is listed in concurrent list. The list included 52 items such as Marriage & Divorce, Bankruptcy & Insolvency, Forests, Education.

Answer 147

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Lok Sabha makes law on matters enumerated in Union and Concurrent list. However, matters not mentioned in any of list is to be tackled by Union. Federation delineates separation of powers and subjects to ensure smooth functioning of government at all levels.

Answer 148

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Population control and family planning is listed in concurrent list in Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. Other items include Marriage, Divorce, Bankruptcy and Insolvency, Forests, Education, Trade Unions etc.

Answer 149

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: CBI is listed in Union list in 7th Schedule of the Constitution. CBI is premier investigating agency, which is autonomous and probe the cases of irregularities, corruption scandals etc. and others as recommended by central and state government.

Answer 150

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: RBI is listed in Union list of Seventh Schedule of Constitution of India. RBI is the regulator of all banks in India. RBI issues bank notes and makes changes in monetary policy to stabilize growth and combat inflation.

Answer 151

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Relief of disabled and unemployment are part of State list in Seventh Schedule of Constitution. The list also includes betting and gambling, public order, agriculture, public health, entertainment, liquor etc.

Answer 152

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Bankruptcy and Insolvency are listed in 7th Schedule of the Constitution. The list encompasses 52 items including IPC, Criminal law procedure, Marriage and divorce, Trade unions, Forests and Education.

Answer 153

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries are included in state list in 7th Schedule of the Constitution. Other items in state list are land and buildings, public order, prisons, agriculture and liquor.

Answer 154

"(A) (SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam 2013) Exp: Article -1, under Part - I of constitution describes India as Union of States. It says,"" Bharat means India shall be Union of States."" The term Union was suggested by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, which indicates two things- first, Indian Union is not a result of agreement of sovereign states and second, states do not have right to secede from Union."

Answer 155

(A) (SSC Stenographer Exam 2005, CGL Exam, 2000) Exp: Same as above

Answer 156

(C) (SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam 2014) Exp:Same as above

Answer 157

(C) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2008) Exp: State is a physical entity which has four essential elements. These are Sovereignty, Territory or land, Government, Population or Citizens. Any Sovereign state uses Government to bring control over its Territory and Citizens. Army is not an element of state, rather it is an institution which functions under control of Government.

Answer 158

(D) (SSC CGL Pre. 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 159

(B) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2008) Exp: Same as above

Answer 160

(C) (SSC Multi-Tasking Exam 2013) Exp: Sovereignty is one of the essential elements of state. A Sovereign state is free from any internal and external undue pressure. State is free to take any decision about its territory and the people.

Answer 161

(C) (SSC Multi-tasking 2014) Exp: State operates through government. Government is a set of institutions through which it exercises sovereign power over people and territory.

Answer 162

(D) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2014) Exp: Article-2, under Part-I of constitution authorizes parliament to admit a new state into Union of India which was earlier not the part of Indian Union.

Answer 163

(B) (SSC LDC Exam 2005) Exp: Article-3, under Part-I of Constitution authorizes Parliament to form new states, increase or decrease the area of states. Parliament can also alter the boundary of states and change the name of any state by passing a law with simple majority in both the houses of parliament

Answer 164

(D) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2014) Exp: Same as above

Answer 165

(A) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2004) Exp: Parliament of India can rename or redefine the boundary of a state by simply passing the bill with simple majority in both the houses of parliament. And no such bill can be introduced in parliament except on recommendation of President.

Answer 166

(B) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2006) Exp: A Commission under S.K. Dhar and a Congress Committee under Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP Committee) examined the feasibility of re-organisation of states on linguistic basis. Both did not favour a linguistic base. But prolong agitation of people and the death of Potti Sriramalu after 56-day hunger strike forced government to create Andhra Pradesh as first linguistic state by separating the Telugu speaking areas from the state of Madras in 1953.

Answer 167

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2007) Exp: After creation of Andhra Pradesh as first linguistic state, there were several other demands for reorganisation of states on linguistic basis. As a result of this, a commission was set-up under Justice Fazal Ali with H.N. Kunzru and K.M. Panikkar as members to study the demand. On the basis of this, State Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. As a result, fourfold distribution of states was replaced by 14 States and six Union Territories via Seventh Constitutional Amendment.

Answer 168

(C) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2015) Exp: Same as above

Answer 169

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2008) Exp: Same as above

Answer 170

(A) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2014) Exp: Unification of Karnataka refers to formation of Indian state of Karnataka from Princely State of Mysore by State Reorganisation Act, 1956. Earlier it was created by the name of Mysore which was later renamed to Karnataka in 1973.

Answer 171

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2002) Exp: On the basis of recommendation of Shah commission, State of Haryana was carved out from the State of Punjab by Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966.

Answer 172

(C) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2008) Exp: Initially, Sikkim remained an independent country which was ruled by Chogyal. It was first given the status of Associate State in 1974 by 35th Constitutional Amendment. Later on, in 1975 by 36th Amendment Act, it was granted the status of a full state.

Answer 173

(A) (SSC CHSL Exam 2015) Exp: 'Laccadive', 'Minicoy and Amandivi' which were two separate Union Territories, were merged and was formed as Union Territory of Lakshwadeep by an act of Parliament in 1973.

Answer 174

(A) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2016) Exp: Arunanchal Pradesh which was earlier an Union Territory was given the status of a full State by State of Arunanchal Pradesh Act, 1986 after an amendment in Article 239-A and 240.

Answer 175

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2013) Exp: Article 5,6, 7, 8 and 9 under Part-II of Constitution which deals with Citizenship in India became applicable on 26th November, 1949 only.

Answer 176

(C) (4 Sep. 2016 (Afternoon) Exp: Subject to the conditions and procedure for acquisition of Citizenship mentioned under Citizenship Act, 1955, Union Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for granting citizenship in India.

Answer 177

(D) (SSC Multi-tasking 2014) Exp: Artical-11, under Part -II of constitution authorizes Paliamemnt to make any provision with respect to acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters related to it. Based on this, parliament passed Citizenship (acquisition and termination) act, 1955.

Answer 178

(C) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 179

(C) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 180

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2007) Exp: A citizen is a person who enjoys full civil and political rights. Citizenship in India can be acquired by 5 ways. These are - by Birth, by Registration, by Naturalization, by descent (hereditry), and at the time of incorporation of a new territory into India.

Answer 181

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2001) Exp: India is a country which has provision of Single Citizenship. If a citizen of India voluntarily acquires citizenship of other country, that person shall seize to be the citizen of India.

Answer 182

(C) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2016) Exp: Article-6 contains the Citizenship rights of people who migrated from Pakistan to India. According to provisions under this article, any person who migrated from Pakistan to India before 19th July, 1948 and either of his/her parents or any of his grand parents were born in undivided India, shall be considered as citizen of India.

Answer 183

(C) (SSC Section Officer 2001) Exp: A non-resident citizen (NRI) is a person holding Indian passport and has stayed for more than 180 days outside India. A NRI has full civil and political rights. Thus, he may be a registered voter. SSC CGL & CPO - 2017

Answer 184

(A) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Article-1 of the constitution describes India as Bharat, shall be a Union of states. The territory of India, shall consist of Union Territories and territories of states.

Answer 185

(C) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Indian citizenship can be acquired in five ways. (i) By Descent (ii) By Birth (iii) By Registration (iv) By Naturalisation (v) Incorporation or annexation of new territory in Indian union.

Answer 186

(C) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Indian citizenship can be lost in three ways. (i) Renunciation (Voluntary giving up) (ii) Termination (One who acquired the citizenship of other country ceases to be citizen of India) (iii)Deprivation (It is a compulsory termination of citizenship by the central government if the citizenship has been acquired by fraud, showing disloyalty to the constitution etc.)

Answer 187

(B) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Federation is a political unit in which central government has a strong influence on self governed states. In India, states cannot secede from union. Indian federalism hold federation together.

Answer 188

(A) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: By birth By Descent By Registration By Naturalization By Incorporation or annexation of any territory in Indian union. Acquisition of Indian citizens Renunciation Deprivation Termination Loss of Indian Citizenship

Answer 189

(B) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Under Article-3 of the constitution, Parliament may by simple majority can create, diminish or alter the boundaries of state even without obtaining ratification from states. The Parliament can proceed even if states have any reservation over formation of new states out of existing states.

Answer 190

(D) (SSC CPO SI 2005) Exp: Article-14 of Indian constitution guarantees Indian citizens equality before law and equal protection of the law. Equality before law means everyone is equal before law and no one is above the law whereas equal protection of law signifies that only equals should be treated equally.

Answer 191

(B) (SSC CGL Tier-I 2016) Exp: Same as above

Answer 192

"(A) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2008) Exp: Constitution of India provides for ""Right to equality"" under Articles-14 to 18. Article-14 talks about two concepts of equality. One is equality before law and other is equal protection of law."

Answer 193

"(B) (SSC Stenographer grade d Exam 2005) Exp: ""Rule of Law"" is a concept which originated in Britain and popularised by Lord Dicey. It means law is supreme and all are equal before law. Thus privileges and immunity contradict the principle of Rule of Law."

Answer 194

(C) (SSC Section Officer 2005) Exp: Article-15 of Indian constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth. There is no mention of language as a ground for prohibition of discrimination under this article.

Answer 195

(B) (SSC Tax Ass., Income Tax & Central Excise 2004) Exp: Though, Article-16 prohibits discrimination in public employment on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, descent and residence or any of them, It allows state to make provisions for reservation for weaker sections of society, if in opinion of state, they are not adequately represented.

Answer 196

(B) (SSC CAPFs SI & CISF ASI 2013) Exp: Article-16 of Indian constitution provides for equal opportunities in matter of public employment. There cannot be discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, descent, residence or any of them.

Answer 197

(C) (SSC Sect. Offi. Audit 2001) Exp: Article-17 abolishes untouchability in all forms. But the constitution did not prescribe any punishment for violation of this right. Constitution also didn't define what untouchability is. Civil Rights Protection Act, 1976 provides punishment for the practice of untouchability.

Answer 198

(A) (SSC CGL 2007) Exp:Article-17 and Article-18 of constitution provides for the prohibition of practice of untouchability and abolition of titles respectively. As per Article-18, state will not give any titles to further discriminate. This with abolition of untouchability under Article-17 is a social issue, prohibition of which brings social equality.

Answer 199

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-19 of constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. Provisions of this article deals with protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.

Answer 200

(A) (CPO SI 2005) Exp: Article-19 of Indian constitution has provided 6 freedoms for Indian citizens. All citizens should have right to: (i) Freedom of speech and Expression. (ii) Assemble peacefully and without arms. (iii)Form associations or unions (iv) Move freely throughout the territory of India (v) Reside and settle anywhere within India (vi) Practise any profession

Answer 201

(B) (SSC metric level Exam 1999) Exp: There is no direct mention of Freedom of Press in the constitution, rather it is a right inferred from right to freedom of speech and expression provided under Article-19(1)(a).

Answer 202

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-20 of constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part- III of constitution. This article provides for protection while conviction for offences. This includes three different aspects under this article. These are Ex Post Facto Law, Double Jeopardy and Prohibition against self incriminating evidence.

Answer 203

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Right to privacy is not enumerated directly as a Fundamental right in constitution of India. Rather, it is an inferred right from Article-21 which talks about right to life and personal liberty. Right to privacy means right to be let alone or right to be free from any unwarranted publicity which is part of right to life and liberty.

Answer 204

(A) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2003) Exp: Same as above

Answer 205

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-21 of constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under Part-III of constitution. This article provides right to citizens for protection of life and personal liberty and according to this article no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

Answer 206

(C) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: Same as above

Answer 207

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Right to education is a fundamental right under Article 21-A of constitution. This article was added into constitution by 86th amendment act of 2002, which provides for free and compulsory education to the children between the age of 6 to 14 years.

Answer 208

(B) (SSC Section Officer 2014) Exp: Same as above

Answer 209

(C) (SSC Section Officer 2008) Exp: A person can be detained under preventive detention, if there is suspicion or reasonable probability of that person committing some act, which is likely to cause harm to society and endangers the security of the society. Thus it is a detention without interrogation.

Answer 210

(C) (SSC Stenographer Exam 2005) Exp: Preventive detention infringes the right to freedom of the person who has been detained under preventive detention Act. Article - 22 provides for protection against arrest and detention in certain cases, including preventive detention cases.

Answer 211

(A) (10 Sep. 2016 (Evening)) Exp: Same as above

Answer 212

(D) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2014) Exp: TADA, POTA and COFEPOSA along with Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) are related to preventive detention of a person. Though MISA, TADA and POTA have been repealed, COFEPOSA continues to be operative along with similar laws such as National Security Act etc. Foreign exchange regulation act is not an act related to preventive detention.

Answer 213

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-24 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. As per provisions of Article-24, no child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or engaged in any hazardous work. Article-24 is not banning child labour.

Answer 214

(B) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2001) Exp: Same as above

Answer 215

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-27 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under part III of constitution. This article provides freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

Answer 216

(C) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2012) Exp: Article-29 safeguards the interests of minorities. It establishes that any section of citizens having a distinct language and scripts of culture of its own can conserve the same.

Answer 217

(A) (SSC CGL Exam 2006) Exp: Article-30 recognises religious and linguistic minorities. It provides right to all minorities whether religious or linguistic, to establish and administer educational institutions.

Answer 218

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-31(A) of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. As per provisions of Article-31(A), state legislature can enact a law for acquisition of private property. And any such law passed by state legislature needs assent of the President.

Answer 219

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-31(B) of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. Article- 31(B) provides for validation of certain categories of acts and regulations included in the Ninth Schedule from being challenged and invalidated on the grounds of contravention of any fundamental right.

Answer 220

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-31(C) of constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under Part-III of constitution. This article provides for saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles. To be specific if parliament enact a law giving effect to Article-39(B) and 39(C) and during the process if law violates fundamental right under Article-14, the law shall not be declared invalid merely on this ground.

Answer 221

"(D) (SSC Graduate Level 2013) Exp: Just mentioning fundamental rights in constitution without providing provisions for their enforcement would have no meaning. Article-32 which is right to constitutional remedies ensures the enforcement of fundamental rights. That is why ""Father of Constitution"" Dr. B.R. Ambedkar termed this article as ""Heart and soul of constitution."""

Answer 222

(C) (SSC CPO Exam 2005) Exp: Same as above

Answer 223

(C) (SSC Comb. Matric 2002) Exp: Remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights conferred by Part-III has been provided under Article-32 of constitution. This article provides the right to citizens to move directly to Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights and it gives Supreme Court, powers to issue writ to enforce fundamental rights of an individual.

Answer 224

(A) (SSC (10+2) DEO & LDC 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 225

(A) (SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam 2014) Exp: Both Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to issue writs under Article-32 and Article-226 respectively. Supreme Court can issue writs in case of violation of fundamental rights only but High court can issue writs in cases of violation of fundamental rights as well as legal rights.

Answer 226

(C) (SSC Section Officer Exam 2007) Exp: Writ is an order issued by Supreme Court or High Courts to enforce rights. It is a concept originated under Roman law but developed under British. Both Supreme Court and High Court can issue 5 types of writs. These are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto.

Answer 227

(C) (SSC CHSL Exam 2012) Exp: Same as above

Answer 228

(A) (SSC Stenographer 2005, SSC CGL 2013) Exp: Habeas Corpus literally means 'to have the body of'. It can be issued to both public authority as well as private individual to produce the body of a person who has been illegally and wrongfully detained. Thus it protects personal liberty of an individual against arbitrary action of both state and private individual. That is why it is called Bulwark of Personal Freedom.

Answer 229

(B) (SSC LDC Exam 2005) Exp: Same as above

Answer 230

(C) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2002, CHSL Exam 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 231

(B) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2002) Exp: Quo warranto writ is issued to ensure that person holding a public office is qualified to hold the office. It can be issued to restrict a person to perform duties or take action for which he does not have authority.

Answer 232

(B) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2002) Exp: Same as above

Answer 233

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2000) Exp:Mandamus which literally means 'command' is a writ issued by court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. This writ can be issued only against a government official and not against a private individual or body.

Answer 234

(A) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2005) Exp: Same as above

Answer 235

(B) (SSC Stenographer Exam 2011) Exp: Same as above

Answer 236

(D) (SSC Section Officer 1997) Exp: Earlier, Article-32(1) which is right to move to Supreme Court was available only for those whose rights were violated. But later on, by late 1980's Supreme Court has started entertaining matters in which interest of public at large is involved. Supreme Court through liberal interpretation of Article-32(1) said that anyone who is public spirited can approach to Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights are violated. That was beginning of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India.

Answer 237

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2003) Exp: Certiorari writ is issued to quash the order of a lower court or decision of a tribunal in excess of its jurisdiction. This is issued to ensure that jurisdiction of an inferior court is exercised properly.

Answer 238

(D) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: Both Supreme Court and High Courts are custodian of implementation of fundamental rights. Supreme Court under Article-32 and High Courts under Article-226 issue writs for implementation of fundamental rights.

Answer 239

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2013) Exp: Article-33 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights of armed forces. It restricts certain fundamental rights for armed forces personnel by providing power to parliament to modify these rights.

Answer 240

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-51A, under Part IV-A of constitution specifies fundamental duties of every citizen. These duties were added into constitution by 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 on recommendation of Sardar Swarn Singh committee.

Answer 241

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Same as above

Answer 242

(D) (SSC metric level Exam 2001,SSC 10+2 Exam 2014) Exp: Same as above

Answer 243

(C) (SSC CPO Exam 2006) Exp: 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added ten fundamental duties under Article 51-A. But at present, there are eleven fundamental duties. Eleventh duty which is duty of every parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his/her child between age of 6 to 14 years was added by 86th Amendment Act of 2002.

Answer 244

(A) (SSC Section Officer 2008) Exp: There are eleven fundamental duties under the constitution. These include- *to abide by and respect Constitution, National Flag and National Anthem, *to cherish and follow noble ideas of freedom struggle, *to uphold and protect sovereignity, unity and integrity of India, *to defend country and render national service.

Answer 245

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2014) Exp: To develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of enquiry is a fundamental duty under constitution along with duty to promote brotherhood and establish dignity of women, to preserve rich cultural heritage, to protect environment, to safe guard public property and to strive for excellence.

Answer 246

(B) (SSC Multi Tasking Exam 2014) Exp: We have to follow our duties within the limits of our Constitutional and Legal rights, so it can be said that rights direct duties.

Answer 247

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Fundamental duties which are mentioned under Part IV-A of constitution has been adopted from USSR.

Answer 248

(B) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2012) Exp: During the proclamation of National emergency under Article - 352, all fundamental rights except rights under Article - 20 and 21 can be suspended by President of India.

Answer 249

(A) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2008) Exp: Same as above

Answer 250

(B) Exp: Parliament of India can restrict the fundamental rights of citizens. Article-368 provides power to parliament to amend fundamental rights subject to basic structure of constitution.

Answer 251

(B) (SSC multitasking Exam,2014) Exp: There were seven sets of fundamental rights in original constitution. These are right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to religion, cultural and educational rights of minorities, right to constitutional remedies and right to property. 44th Amendment Act repealed right to property. So currently there are only six sets of fundamental rights.

Answer 252

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Right to property was earlier a fundamental right under the provision of Article-31. But after 44th Constitutional Amendment, 1978, this fundamental right was abolished and it was made a legal right under Article- 300(A) under Part-XII of constitution.

Answer 253

(C) (SSC LDC 2005, SSC 10+2 2011, SSC CPO 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 254

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2013, SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam, 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 255

(C) (SSC Matric Level 2002, SSC 10+2 level 2011) Exp: Same as above

Answer 256

(B) (SSC Section Officer Exam, 2007) Exp: Right to property was deleted from list of fundamental rights through 44th Amendment Act, 1978 which was passed during the regime of Morarji Desai Government.

Answer 257

(B) (SSC CPO Exam 2005) Exp: Right to contest election is a political right whereas right to freedom, right to life and right to equality before law are fundamental rights.

Answer 258

(C) (SSC FCI Exam 2012) Exp: Right to strike is not a fundamental right rather it can be termed as a legal right. Whereas right to equality, right against exploitation, right to religious freedom are part of fundamental rights provided to citizens.

Answer 259

(B) (SSC Tax Asst. Exam 2009) Exp: There are certain fundamental rights which are available to Indian citizens only and not to Foreigners or Aliens. These are rights provided under articles 15, 16, 19, 29 and 30.

Answer 260

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2009) Exp: Same as above

Answer 261

(B) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2013) Exp: Right to information is not a fundamental right rather it is a legal right provided through Right to Information Act, 2005. Right to education, Right to Expression and Right to life are fundamental rights under Articles-21(A), 19 and 21 respectively.

Answer 262

(C) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level 2015) Exp:Right to Information Act was enacted on 15th June 2005 and came into force on 12th October 2005. It aims at providing access to citizens of information under government control thereby promoting transparency and accountability. This act extends to whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir.

Answer 263

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2007) Exp: Rule of law which means law is supreme and no one is above the law, implies equality before law i.e. all are equal before law. And the legal interpretation of equality is influenced mainly by equality before law and equal protection of law provided under Article-14.

Answer 264

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2007) Exp: In Golaknath case, 1967, Supreme Court held that no authority including parliament can amend or upgrade fundamental rights. Later on, in Keshavananda Bharti case, Supreme Court reversed its decision and pronounced that fundamental rights can be amended subject to basic structure of constitution.

Answer 265

"(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2003) Exp: Kerela High Court in 1997 declared that ""Bandhs are unconstitutional and punitive"" because of misuse of it. Court said that it is not an exercise of fundamental freedom. Apart from being a huge blow to economy, they throw normal life out of gear, infringing the very concept of freedom."

Answer 266

(D) (SSC Section Offeice 2003) Exp: According to the judgement pronounced by Supreme Court in 2003, Government employees have no right to strike. It said that no political party or organisation can claim a right to paralyse the economy and industrial activities of a state or nation or inconvenience citizens.

Answer 267

(A) (SSC CPO-SI Pre. 2006) Exp:Keshavananda Bharti vs state of Kerela case, 1973 is one of the most important legal battle of Indian constitution. While pronouncing judgement Supreme Court proclaimed the concept of Basic Structure. It said parliament can amend fundamental rights subject to basic structure of constitution. At that time court did not define what is basic structure.

Answer 268

(B) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2011) Exp: Right to education act which was passed in 2009 to implement right to education, came into force on 1 April, 2010.

Answer 269

(C) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2014) Exp: Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) was enacted in 2002 to deal with crimes like subversion, insurgency and terrorism. This act has now been repealed. SSC CGL- 2017

Answer 270

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: The term Quo-Warranto means what is the authority. The writ restrains public officials from doing something for which he/she may not have the legal authority. It also challenges a person's right to hold a public office.

Answer 271

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Certiorari means to be certified. The writ is issued by Supreme Court or any higher court to overturn the decision passed by any subordinate court, tribunal or quasi-judicial authority.

Answer 272

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Fundamental Rights contained in Part-III of the constitution are justiciable in nature. DPSP in Part-IV and Fundamental Duties in Part-IV(A) of constitution are not justiciable.

Answer 273

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: In 44th amendment, Right to property has been removed from list of Fundamental Rights. Now the right has been rendered as a legal right.

Answer 274

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:To protect freedom of speech and expression is encompassed in the list of Fundamental Rights. Fundamental Duties are 11 in number and has been incorporated in the constitution on recommendation of Sardar Swarn Singh Committee through 42nd Amendment of Constitution.

Answer 275

(D) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Fundamental Duties are incorporated in Part-IV(A) of the Constitution. These were not part of original Constitution. It has been introduced through 42nd Amendment Act. The 11th duty has been embodied through 86th amendment of Constitution.

Answer 276

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Prohibition writ is issued by a higher court to lower court when latter has overstepped its jurisdiction. Other writs are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Quo Warranto and Certiorari.

Answer 277

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Right to equality ensures everyone equal access to shops, bathing ghats, hotels etc irrespective to caste, religion, creed, sex etc. The article ensures social and economic equality.

Answer 278

(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Right to Equality emphasize that all persons are equal before law irrespective of their economic or social status. However, this right is not absolute and are subject to some restrictions. President, Governors, Diplomats cannot be prosecuted during the time of holding office.

Answer 279

(C) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Right to Equality under Article 17 of the constitution prohibited untouchability. However, constitution itself does not prescribe any punishment but Parliament has the freedom to legislate to make provision more stringent.

Answer 280

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp:Mandamus is a writ issued by a superior court to any government official, corporation or public authority to do or refrain from doing something. Both Supreme Court and High Court have been empowered with writ jurisdiction. This particular writ is applicable only on public bodies.

Answer 281

"(A) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: Habeas Corpus literally mean ""that you have the body"". The writ protects the person against any illegal imprisonment. It is applicable both against public and private bodies."

Answer 282

(C) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: In Prohibition writ, a higher court restrained lower court from over stepping its jurisdiction. In India both Supreme Court and High Court have been empowered with writ jurisdiction.

Answer 283

(B) (SSC Multi Tasking Exam 2013) Exp: Part-IV of the Indian constitution provides for the Directive Principles of State Policy. They constitute the ideas of welfare state through a comprehensive programme of social and economic order.

Answer 284

(C) (SSC Multi Tasking Exam 2013) Exp: The Directive Principles of State Policy denotes the ideals that State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws. These constitute a very comprehensive economic and social programme for a modern welfare democratic state.

Answer 285

(D) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Exam 2010) Exp: Though the Preamble makes an oath for providing Social, Economic and Political justice to all citizens, it is ensured by Directive Principles of State Policy under PartIV of constitution. Article-38 directs State to secure social order which ensures social, economic and political justice.

Answer 286

(D) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: Directive Principles of State Policy is a positive obligation of State towards its citizens. These are nonjusticiable rights contained in Part-IV of constitution. This means that in case of non-enforcement of DPSP, citizens cannot move to courts for its enforcement unlike fundamental rights which are justiciable in nature.

Answer 287

(B) (SSC Section Officer Exam 2007) Exp: Part-IV, Article-36 to 51 of the constitution is related to the Directive Principles of State Policy. According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, these are noble features of constitution and instrument of instructions to the Government. Part-I of constitution is related to Union and its Territory, Part-II with Citizenship and Part-III with Fundamental Rights.

Answer 288

(A) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Exam 2012, SSC Data Entry Operator Exam 2008) Exp: Directive Principles of State Policy are ideals which state should keep in mind while enacting laws. But in case of its non-enforcement by State, there is no such remedy available to enforce it. That is why K.T. Shah who is known for his active role in Constituent Assembly, described DPSP as Bank Cheque whose payment is done by Bank at its own will.

Answer 289

(C) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2013) Exp: Article-37 under Part-IV of the Indian Constitution talks about the application of the Directive Principles of State Policy. According to this article, directives under Part-IV are non-enforceable by any court but they are fundamental in governance of the country. State should keep these principles in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws.

Answer 290

(B)Exp: Article-36 to 51 under Part-IV of constitution provides for Directive Principles of State Policy. It is a set of philosophy to make India into a welfare state. Article-39 contains certain principles of policy which are to be followed by the state. These include adequate means of livelihood to men and women equally, equal pay for equal work to both men and women and healthy environment for children to develop etc.

Answer 291

"(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-39(A) which deals with Directive Principles of State Policy ensures ""Equal justice and free legal aid"" by the State to its citizens. 42nd Amendment act,1976 added this article into the constitution. According to this article, State shall ensure that equal opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disability."

Answer 292

(C) (SSC Sec. Off. Audit 2006) Exp: Article-40 of the Indian constitution provides directive for the State to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers to enable them to function as units of self government.

Answer 293

(C) (SSC (10+2) DEO & LDC 2013) Exp: Same as above

Answer 294

(A) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Exam 2013) Exp: Mahatma Gandhi described Ram Raj or Ram rule as a divine raj i.e. Kingdom of God. Ram rule signifies participatory democracy and maximum benefits to the people. Mahtama Gandhi was firm believer of participatory democracy through decentralization of power. According to him, it will lead to development of villages, bring harmony and promote justice which inturn will develop India into a prosperous country.

Answer 295

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-41 of the Indian constitution which talks about right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases, deals with Directive Principles of State Policy. As per the article, State shall make effective provisions for securing these rights in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and in other cases of undeserved want.

Answer 296

(B) (SSC Sect. Off. Audit 2003) Exp: Article-42 of the Indian constitution under Directive Principles of State Policy provides for directive of just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. Article-43 and Article-44 talks about living wage etc. for workers and uniform civil court respectively. Article-14 talks about right to equality.

Answer 297

"(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-43A of constitution provides for directive of ""Participation of workers in management of Industries"" and it falls under Part-IV which is related to Directive Principles of State Policy. This article was added into the constitution through 42nd Amendment Act, 1976."

Answer 298

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-44, under Directive Principles of State Policy deals with uniform civil court for citizens. Uniform civil court is an idea of having same personal law irrespective of religion.

Answer 299

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Same as above

Answer 300

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2002) Exp: Goa, the smallest state in India, was colony of Portuguese. During Portuguese rule in Goa, they codified and implemented law of inheritance, property and marriage for all religious groups. After independence, youths in Goa protested against any change in uniform civil law. Uniform civil code in Goa includes no concept of Polygamy, no verbal divorce, sharing property with spouse, parents can't disinherit children from the property etc.

Answer 301

(*) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2002) Exp: Article-45 under Directive Principles of State Policy provides for directive of early chilhood care and education to children below the age of six years. Based on this directive, Union Government has passed Right to Education Act, 2010 which provides for free and compulsory education to children between the age of 6 to 14 years. Article-21(A) under Part-III also provides for fundamental right to education till the age of 14 years.

Answer 302

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Article-48 (A) of Indian constitution deals with Directive Principles of State Policy under Part-IV of constitution. This article was added into constitution by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 to include a directive for protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.

Answer 303

(C) (SSC CPO Exam 2008) Exp: Gandhi believed in the philosophy of non-violence and according to him violence on animals is also a gruesome act of brutal force. Hurting others for the sake of our benefit was against the philosophy of Gandhi. That is why he took initiative to protect and preserve the milch animals and its progeny.

Answer 304

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2004) Exp: Article-48 under Directive Principles of State Policy enables the Central Government and State Governments to legislate on cow slaughter. According to this article, state shall endeavour to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern scientific lines and shall take steps to improve breed and prohibition of slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.

Answer 305

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2000) Exp: Article-50 under Directive Principles of State Policy provides for the directive of separation of judiciary from executive. According to this article, State shall take steps to seperate judiciary from executive in public services of State.

Answer 306

(A) (SSC CPO Exam 2007, SSC FCIExam 2012) Exp: 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 through Article-31(C) gave precedence to all Directive Principles of State Policy over Fundamental Rights. Later on, in Minerva Mills case,1980, Supreme Court struck down 42nd Amendment act related to Article-31(C) and upheld the importance of Fundamental Rights over DPSP except directives under Article-39(b) and 39(c), which are given primacy over Fundamental Rights under Article-14.

Answer 307

(C) (SSC CPO Exam 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 308

(C) Exp: Article-335 provides for the directive of reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in public services. This is one of the directives outside Part-IV. Other directives outside Part-IV are directive under Article-350(A) and Article-351 which talks about instruction in mothertongue at primary stage of education and duty of Union to promote the spread of Hindi language respectively.

Answer 309

(A) (SSC CGL Exam 2008) Exp: Since Article-53(1) confers executive powers of Union of India to the President, he or she is the constitutional head of Indian government. But the real powers of governance are vested in the office of Prime Minister. That is why, Prime Minister in India is called the real head of government.

Answer 310

(B) (SSC Stenographer Grade C Exam 2005) Exp: Article-324 of constitution authorizes Election Commission of India for superintendence, direction and control of elections to the office of President, VicePresident, Parliament and Legislatures of every State.

Answer 311

(C) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2005) Exp: President of India is elected through an Electoral College provided under Article-54. Electoral College consists of elected members of both the houses of Parliament, elected members of Legislative Assemblies of States and elected members of Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Puducherry.

Answer 312

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2012) Exp: Provisions dealing with election of President are provided in Articles-54 and 55 and President and VicePresident(elections) Act,1952. Accordingly, President of India is elected through Proportional Representation by Means of Single Transferable Vote system. The winning candidate in this method of election must secure more than 50 percent of total valid votes.

Answer 313

(B) (SSC CPO SI, ASI 2016) Exp: Article-60 of the constitution provides for the Oath of the President. According to this article, Oath of the President is administered by the Chief Justice of India. In the absence of CJI, senior most judge of Supreme Court available administers it.

Answer 314

(A) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2015) Exp: Same as above

Answer 315

(A) (SSC CGL Tier 1 2011) Exp: Article-61 of Indian Constitution provides for impeachment process of President of India, which has been borrowed from constitution of U.S.A. As per provisions of this article, resolution seeking impeachment of President can be brought in either house of Parliament and it can be brought only if one fourth of membership of house in which it is proposed, have given signed approval.

Answer 316

(C) (3 Sep. 2016 (Afternoon) Exp:Constitution of India under Article-61 has conferred power to Parliament to impeach President of India for violation of constitution. Any resolution seeking impeachment of President must be passed by both the houses of Parliament with special majority of not less than two-third of total membership of the house. So far, no President has been impeached.

Answer 317

(C) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2011) Exp: Article-58 of Constitution mentions the qualifications required to get elected as President of India. Essential qualifications include - he or she must be a citizen of India, must have completed the age of thirty-five years and must be qualified for election as a member of House of People i.e. Lok Sabha.

Answer 318

(D) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: Article-56(1) mentions the tenure of President which is of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. But the constitution does not prescribe the retirement age of President. There is no such age limit till he or she can serve as President.

Answer 319

(D) (SSC Data Entry Operator Exam 2009) Exp: There is a provision of minimum age which is 35 years to become President of India. But there is no such provision of maximum age limit for the post of President.

Answer 320

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: President of India is entitled to a salary of Rs. 1.5 lakhs per month and a pension of 50 percent of his salary per month. As per Second Schedule of constitution, the salary, emoluments and allowances of President is charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India.

Answer 321

(C) (SSC CPO 2008, SSC Com. Higher Secon. 2015) Exp: As mentioned under Article-56(1), President of India can resign from his office by writing a letter addressing to Vice-President. And as per Article-56(2), any resignation addressed to Vice-President shall be communicated to the Speaker of Lok Sabha.

Answer 322

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 1999) Exp: Under normal circumstances, election process to fill the vacancy caused by expiration of the term of office of President which is of 5 years, shall be completed before Expiration of that term. But an election to fill the vacancy in office of President occuring due to his death, resignation or impeachment or otherwise, shall be held within 6 months from the date of occurance of such vacancy.

Answer 323

(D) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level 2014) Exp: President of India can nominate total 14 members to both the houses of Parliament. Out of these 14 members, 12 members can be nominated in Rajya Sabha and 2 members of Anglo-Indian Community can be nominated in the Lok Sabha.

Answer 324

(D) (SSC FCI Exam 2012) Exp: According to the provisions under Article-53(2), President of India is the Supreme Commander in Chief of Defence Forces of Union of India. Defence forces in India include Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force.

Answer 325

(A) (28 Aug. 2016 (Morning)) Exp: President is the executive head of Union of India. All important appointments in India are done by the President of India. Most of them are removed from their office by the President and some of them hold the office till the pleasure of President. Gazetted officials of Union Government are appointed and dismissed by President only.

Answer 326

(A) (SSC Tax Asst. Exam 2008) Exp: Chief Justice of India, Chief of all the three defence forces in India i.e. Indian Army, Navy and Air Force are appointed by President of India. Whereas Speaker of Lok Sabha is not appointed by President rather he or she is elected by newly constituted Lok Sabha from among its members.

Answer 327

(D) (SSC Stenographer Exam 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 328

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2010) Exp: Under the provisions of Article-123, President can promulgate Ordinance to deal with matters of urgent national importance. It can be promulgated anytime except when both the houses of Parliament are in session. An Ordinance issued by President must be approved by Parliament within 6 weeks of its reassembly otherwise it will cease to operate. And since maximum time gap between two sessions of Parliament can be 6 months, the maximum time upto which an Ordinance can remain in force is 6 months and 6 weeks.

Answer 329

(B) (SSC CGL Exam 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 330

(D) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: Prime Minister of India, Governor of State and Election Commissioners in India, all are appointed by President or hold his post after approval of President. Whereas there is no need of approval of President in case of appointment of Speaker of Lok Sabha as he or she is elected by the members of Lok Sabha from among themselves.

Answer 331

(D) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2002,SSC CPO Exam 2007) Exp: Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, held the office of President from 1950 to 1962. In 1957 he was re-elected to the office of President, becoming the only President to hold the post twice. S. Radhakrishnan was second President of India whereas K.R. Narayanan was the first candidate to get elected as President from marginalised section of society.

Answer 332

(C) (SSC Stenographer grade d Exam 2005) Exp: Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy is the only President who got elected unopposed. He served as President of India from 1977 to 1982. He was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and a two-time Speaker of Lok Sabha. He became the youngest Indian President ever.

Answer 333

(B) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2006) Exp: The renowned scientist, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the first non-political President of India. He served as 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He is also known as Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. Dr. Jakir Hussain was first candidate to get elected as President from religious minority community.

Answer 334

(A) (SSC Matric Level 1999,SSC CGL 2006) Exp: Supreme Court of India under Article-71 has exclusive and fundamental right to settle the dispute regarding election of President and Vice-President. Any dispute regarding election can be challenged in Supreme Court only after completion of the process of election and not during the process.

Answer 335

(*) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Rashtrapati Bhawan, formerly known as Viceroy's House, is the official residence of President of India located in New Delhi. Its architect was Edwin Landseer Lutyens. Its construction started in 1912 and it was completed in 1929 during the Viceroyality of Lord Irwin.

Answer 336

(A) (SSC Section Off. Exam 2006) Exp: Under the provisions of Article-72, President of India enjoys certain judicial powers. He has the power to pardon, reprive, respite, remit or commute any sentence by the Court. Governor of States enjoy similar powers under Article-161 except power to pardon death sentences.

Answer 337

(D) (SSC LDC Exam 2005) Exp: Article-63 establishes the office of Vice-President. He is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. At the time of vacancy in the office of President, Vice-President acts as President and while acting as President, he or she does not perform the duties of Chairman of Rajya Sabha and exercises all powers of the President. During this VicePresident receives salary and emoluments of President.

Answer 338

(A) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2001, SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2012, SSC CPO Exam 2009) Exp: Dr. Radhakrishnan served for two successive tenures as Vice- President of India from 1952-57 and 1957-62. He became the second President of India in 1962 and served till 1967. After him, Mohd. Hamid Ansari has also served two successive tenures as Vice-President. He served from 2007 to 2017.

Answer 339

(C) (SSC CGL Exam 2008) Exp: Office of President is the most senior office in country whereas office of Vice-President comes second in the table of precedence. Office of Prime Minister is ranked third which is followed by office of Governor within concerned State and former Presidents. Thereafter comes the office of Deputy Prime Minister in table of precedence which is followed by Chief Justice of India along with Speaker of Lok Sabha.

Answer 340

(A) (SSC CGL Exam 2008) Exp: As per the provisions of Article-66, Vice-President of India shall be elected by an Electoral College consisting of members of both the houses of Parliament through the method of Proportional Representation by Means of Single Transferable Vote (PRSTV) system.

Answer 341

(A) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2008) Exp: As mentioned under Article-64 and 89(1), VicePresident shall be the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. Here ex-officio means that by virtue of one office you are authorized to hold another. And the moment you loose one office, you will loose the other one too.

Answer 342

(D) (SSC CGL Exam 2013) Exp: Article-66(2) of Constitution prohibits Vice-President from being a member of either house of Parliament or of State Legislature. But he or she shall be qualified for election as a member of Council of States to become Vice-President as provided under Article-66(3).

Answer 343

(C) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Exam 2015) Exp: Removal of Vice-President is a special power of Rajya Sabha. Article-67 provides for the procedure of removal of Vice-President. A resolution seeking removal of VicePresident can only be brought first in Rajya Sabha. And it must be approved by a majority of all the then members of Rajya Sabha and must be agreed by Lok Sabha with simple majority.

Answer 344

(B) (SSC CGL Exam 2010) Exp: After General Election i.e. election to the Lok Sabha, the newly elected members of Parliament in Lok Sabha belonging to Party or Coalition having majority, select a person as their leader to become Prime Minister. And as per provisions under Article-75, Prime Minister in India is appointed by President.

Answer 345

(C) (SSC CGL Exam 2006) Exp: According to Article-75(3), Council of Ministers headed by Prime Minister shall be collectively responsible to the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha. Collective responsibility here signifies that the existence of Council of Ministers with Prime Minister is only till they enjoy majority or confidence of Lok Sabha.

Answer 346

(C) (SSC metric level Exam 2008) Exp: To become the Prime Minister of India, a person should be a member of either house of Parliament. In case of his membership in Rajya Sabha, minimum age required is 30 years whereas in case of membership in Lok Sabha, it is 25 years.

Answer 347

(A) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2008) Exp: According to the Article-74, Prime Minister is the head of Council of Ministers. He presides over the meetings of Council of Ministers and decides the agenda and venue of the meeting too.

Answer 348

"(B) (SSC Data Entry Operator Exam 2009) Exp: Prime Minister is the chief crisis manager of the country. According to Lord Morley, head of the Government in parliamentary form of government i.e. Prime Minister is ""Primus Inter Pares"", meaning, ""first among all of his equals"". The kind of authority which is enjoyed by Prime Minister in parliamentary form of government is immense and can never be equated even with the authority of all the members of Council of Ministers put together."

Answer 349

(B) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2011) Exp: Planning Commission was established on 15th March 1950. Prime Minister is the Chairman of Planning Commission. He is also the Chairman of NITI Aayog which replaced Planning Commission as Government of India policy think-tank in 2015.

Answer 350

(A) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2015) Exp: Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He held this post from 15th August 1947 to 15th December 1950. There is no such post of Deputy Prime Minister in constitution. So, he is not liable to take any salary and allowances as Deputy PrimeMinister. That is why, he has to hold a post of Cabinet Minister too. Unofficially he is declared 2nd in rank in Council of Ministers after Prime Minister at first

Answer 351

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Constitution does not prescribe any limit with respect to the number of terms a person can serve as Prime Minister of India. A person can remain as Prime Minister till the time Council of Ministers headed by him enjoys majority or confidence of Lok Sabha.

Answer 352

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Constitution does not prescribe the retirement age of Prime Minister. There is no age limit till he/she can serve as Prime Minister. But there is provision for minimum age of 25 years, if he/she is a member of Lok Sabha and 30 years in case of his/her membership in Rajya Sabha.

Answer 353

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Jawaharlal Nehru of Indian National Congress was sworn-in as the first Prime Minister of the Independent India on 15th August 1947. He has served maximum time as Prime Minister till his death in 1964.

Answer 354

(A) (SSC Com. Matr. 1999) Exp: Article-74 and 75 of Indian constitution deal with the Council of Ministers. Article-74 states that the Council of Ministers headed by Prime Minister will aid and advice the President. Whereas Article-75 contains provisions with respect to appointment, oath, tenure, responsibilities and salaries of Ministers.

Answer 355

(C) (SSC Com. Matric 2002) Exp: India has parliamentary form of government and collective responsibility is one of the important features of this system. As per provisions of Article-75(3), Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to Lok Sabha or House of the People. Collective responsibility here signifies that any action or decision of a minister will be considered as decision of Council of Ministers and will be subjected to scruitney of Parliament.

Answer 356

(A) (SSC Matric Level Exam 2008) Exp: As per provisions of Article-75(1), Ministers at Central/Union level are appointed by President on the advice of Prime Minister. And according to Article-75(2), they hold office during the pleasure of President and can be removed anytime by the President without any process and ground.

Answer 357

(C) (SSC CHSL 2011) Exp: Prime Minister is considered to be the lifeline of Council of Ministers. Council of Ministers comes to existence with the appointment of Prime Minister and it ceases to exist with the death or resignation of Prime Minister.

Answer 358

(C) (SSC CGL Exam 2008) Exp: Former Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi is 14th Prime Minister of Independent India. He is leading the Government formed by 16th Lok Sabha.

Answer 359

(C) (SSC Tax Asst. Exam 2008) Exp: Article-75 establishes that there shall be a Council of Ministers headed by Prime Minister to aid and advice the President. Council of Ministers in India includes Prime Minister, Cabinet Minister, Minister of State and Minister of State (Independent Charge). Cabinet Secretary is not the part of Council of Ministers rather he/she is part of permanent executive and the senior most civil servant in India.

Answer 360

(C) (30 Aug. 2016 (Evening)) Exp: Under the provisions of Article-75(1), Ministers of Union/Central Government are appointed by President after an advice from Prime Minister. They are also dismissed from Council of Ministers by President only after Prime Minister recommends so.

Answer 361

(B) (SSC Stenographer grade C and D Exam 2014) Exp: According to the provisions under Article-76, any person who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of Supreme Court can be appointed as Attorny General of India by President.

Answer 362

(B) (10 Sep. 2016 (Morning)) Exp: Attorney General of India is said to be the first law officer of the country. He is appointed by President to advice Union Government on legal matters, to represent the Government of India in Courts during trial in important cases and to perform any other legal duty assigned.

Answer 363

(D) (SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam 2013) Exp: Article-76(3) authorizes Attorney General of India to audience or appear in any Court in the territory of India while performing his duties.

Answer 364

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2010) Exp: Same as above

Answer 365

(A) (SSC Section Off.Exam 2006) Exp: Under the provisions of Article-88, Attorney General of India being the first law officer of country can be invited to Parliament for any suggestion or advice. He has the right to participate in the proceedings of both the houses of Parliament. He also has the right to speak but no right to vote in either house of Parliament.

Answer 366

(A) (SSC Section Officer 2000) Exp: Same as above

Answer 367

(C) (SSC CGL Exam 2005) Exp: Article-148 establishes that there shall be a Comptroller and Auditor General of India appointed by President. He is appointed for a period of 6 years or upto 65 years of his age, whichever is earlier. He can also resign from his office by addressing the resignation letter to the President.

Answer 368

(A) (SSC Combined Higher Sec. Level Exam 2014) Exp: CAG has been conferred with the authority to audit all accounts of Government of India and to submit a report in this regard to the President, who causes the report to be tabelled in Parliament. This report is immediately referred to Public Accounts Committee(PAC) of Parliament which after a detailed study, prepares another report. This new report of PAC is placed before Parliament for discussion. That is why it is said that CAG works as friend, philosopher and guide for Public Accounts Committee.

Answer 369

(B) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2003) Exp: CAG's (Duties, powers and conditions of service) Act, 1971 has mentioned the duties of CAG. It includes auditing all accounts of Government of India and Government of States. He also acts as chief accountant for the Government of State as he prepares and maintains the accounts of State Governments.

Answer 370

(D) (SSC Stenographer Exam 2011) Exp: In single transferable voting system, each voter can Express its verdict by voting for all the candidates. He or she has to write preferences among the candidates while voting. Approximately in all indirect elections in India like election of President, Vice-President, Rajya Sabha etc., this system is followed.

Answer 371

(A) (SSC CHSL Pre. 2001) Exp: Legislature in India has been conferred with the function to make laws. But function of its implementation is with executive. There are two types of executives in India - Temporary or Political and Permanent. Political executive includes members of Council of Ministers including Prime Minister. Whereas permanent executives are members of bureaucracy or civil services. Judiciary in India has been provided with the function to adjudicate laws.

Answer 372

(B) (SSC Section Off. Exam 2006) Exp: Cabinet Secretary is the Supreme Civil Officer of Central Government. Cabinet Secretary is the administrative head of Cabinet Secretariat. He acts as chief advisor to Prime minister. He is the senior most civil servant and therefore acts as a friend, conscience keeper and guide to all civil servants. SSC CGL & CPO 2017

Answer 373

(B) (SSC CGL 2017) Exp: President is the executive head of state in India. All decisions made by Government are taken in the name of President. However, the real head of state is the Prime Minister.

Answer 374

(B) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Under Article 72 of the constitution, The President of India is authorised to grant pardon, reprieve, respite or remission of punishment. Remission is reduction in prisoner's sentence without changing the character or nature of punishment.Commutation - changing the character of punishment. Reprieve - its a temporary relief or postponment of punishment, specially in death sentence. Respite - Awarding lesser sentence than prescribed because of special circumstances eg. Pregnancy of women offender.

Answer 375

(D) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Pocket veto enables the President to keep a bill on its table for an indefinite period of time. This privilege was once used by the President Zail Singh in case of Indian post office (amendment) Bill in 1986.

Answer 376

(B) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: The Vice President of India can act as the President of India only for a period of 6 months. V.V. Giri became the acting President and remains the only person to have held office both as a President and Acting President.

Answer 377

(A) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Other than Vice President all others are appointed by the President. Vice President after being elected by collegium becomes the ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha. President only administer the oath but do not appoint him.

Answer 378

(B) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: President of India is elected by collegium comprising of elected MLA and MPS of all States and Union Territories. However, nominated MP do not participate in election of President.

Answer 379

(A) (SSC CPO 2017) Exp: Under Article-72, President is empowered to substitute one form of punishment with lighter one. It is called commutation of sentence.

Answer 380

(A) (SSC CPO 2007, SSC Matric Level 2008, SSC CGL 2011) Exp: According to Article-79, there shall be a Parliament for the Union which shall consist of President and two houses to be known as House of People and Council of States. Council of States also known as Rajya Sabha is the Upper house of Parliament whereas House of People i.e. Lok Sabha is the Lower house.

Answer 381

(B) (SSC Tax Asst. Exam 2008) Exp: Parliament of India is the Union legislature in India which has a bicameral set-up and its Upper House i.e. Rajya Sabha can never be dissolved. These features are mostly prevalent in all countries having Union legislature. But the distinctive and most important feature of Union legislature in India is the inclusion of President in Parliament. No law in India can be enacted until President assents to it.

Answer 382

(C) (SSC CPO Exam 2012) Exp:Parliament which is the Union legislature in India, has the power to make laws. It consists of President and two houses which are known as Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Any law can be enacted at Union level only if the bill consisting provisions of law has been passed by both the houses and has got assent of the President.

Answer 383

(B) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam 2014) Exp: Legislature is the legislative body of a country or state. It is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country. Its main function is enforcement or enactment of laws whereas execution of laws is the function of executive in India i.e. government and bureaucracy.

Answer 384

(A) (SSC Combined Higher Sec. Level 2010, SSC Stenographer 2011) Exp: Indian democratic system was formed with an objective of providing its citizen social, economic and political justice. Preamble of India takes oath to provide justice which is ensured by Directive Principles of State Policy. Therefore Parliament and Constitution are mode of political, economic and social Justice. But the authority to ensure legal justice has been vested in the judiciary in India.

Answer 385

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Bicameral legislature is a legislature with two houses or chambers. One is called Lower house and second as Upper house of legislature. Indian Parliament is a bicameral legislature consisting of Lower house and Upper house i.e. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha respectively.

Answer 386

(D) (SSC Multi Tasking Exam 2014) Exp: Constitution has provided for Bicameral set-up(two houses) at both state and central level. At central level, there are two houses known as Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is a temporary house which normally dissolves after every five year. On the other hand, Rajya Sabha is a permanent house which can never be dissolved. A similar set up has been provided at State level where State Legislative Assembly is a temporary house and State Legislative Council is a permanent house.

Answer 387

"(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Building of Parliament is called as "" Sansad Bhavan"". It is a circular building designed by British architects Sir Edward Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker in 1912- 1913."

Answer 388

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: As mentioned under Article-79, Parliament consists of President and two houses that are known as Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and House of People (Lok Sabha). Lok Sabha is called as Lower house of Parliament whereas Rajya Sabha is the Upper house of Parliament.

Answer 389

(B) (SSC CGL Tier 1 Exam, 2015) Exp: Same as above

Answer 390

(D) (SSC C.G.L Pre. 2003) Exp: As per provisions of Article-83(1), Rajya Sabha is the permanent house of Parliament that can never be dissolved. But there is a provision that one-third of its members shall retire every second year.

Answer 391

(D) (SSC CPO Exam 2008) Exp: Same as above

Answer 392

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: As per provisions under Article-80, Rajya Sabha can have maximum of 250 members. Out of 250, 238 shall be representatives of States and Union Territories while remaining 12 members shall be nominated by President. At present, it has 245 members, out of which 233 represents States and Union Territories and rest are nominated.

Answer 393

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Same as above

Answer 394

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: As per provisions of Article-80, President of India can nominate 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. Any person having special knowledge and practical experience in Art, Science, Literature and Social service can be nominated.

Answer 395

(D) (SSC Combined Higher Sec. Level 2011) Exp: Rajya Sabha is a permanent house in Parliament whose members are elected indirectly for a period of 6 years through the method of proportional representation by single transferable vote system.

Answer 396

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and is not subject to dissolution. But its members have a fixed tenure of 6 years. This house was constituted for the first time in such a manner that one-third of its members retire every 2nd year after completing the tenure of 6 years. And in their place new one-third members are elected.

Answer 397

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: As per provisions under Article-80, members of Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly by elected members of State Legislative Assemblies and Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Pondicherry, in accordance with system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote system.

Answer 398

(C)Exp: According to the provisions under Article-64 and 89(1), Vice-President is ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. In his absence the house is presided by a Deputy Chairman elected by the members of Rajya Sabha from among themselves.

Answer 399

(B) (SSC Combined Higher Sec. Level 2013) Exp: Chairman of Rajya Sabha is not a member of the house. Whereas Chairman or presiding officers of Lok Sabha, Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council are elected by the respective houses from among the members.

Answer 400

(B) (SSC LDC Exam 2005) Exp: Rajya Sabha elects one Deputy Chairman from among its members to preside over the proceedings of the house in the absence of Chairman. Deputy Chairman has no fixed tenure. He or She can serve as a Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha till he/she remains a member of Rajya Sabha.

Answer 401

(C) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: President of India appoints a person as Prime Minister who has completed the age of 30 years in case he or she is a member of Rajya Sabha and 25 years in case of his or her membership in Lok Sabha.

Answer 402

(D) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Rajya Sabha is assisted by the Secretary General who holds the rank equivalent to Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. Under rules of business of Government of India, Cabinet Secretary is ex-officio head of Indian Administrative Services, the Cabinet Secretariat and All India Civil Service.

Answer 403

(B) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: As per provisions of Article-84(b), minimum age to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years as against 25 years in case of Lok Sabha.

Answer 404

(A) (SSC CHSL 2016) Exp: Same as above

Answer 405

"(A) (SSC Combined Higher Sec. Level 2010, SSC Stenographer 2011) Exp: Lok Sabha which is the lower house of Parliament, is a house elected directly by the people. That is why it is known as ""House of People"". Lok Sabha, the Hindi nomenclature was adopted on 14th May, 1954."

Answer 406

(B) (SSC FCI Exam 2012) Exp: Same as above

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