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PHARM 154 > Ophth > Flashcards

Ophth Flashcards

1
Q

How long should ophth minor aliments be for?

A

2 days

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2
Q

What are the red flags for black eyes?

A

Changes in vision (especially double-vision) Severe pain starts
Signs of infection
Behavioral changes, lethargy
Nausea, vomiting, dizzy
Inability to move eye
Blood in eye itself
Any lacerations to eye area

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3
Q

Tx for black eye

A

cold compress
analgesics

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4
Q

What types of things can be flushed out of the eye?

A

dust
wood chips
parts of insect
iron fillings

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5
Q

Red flags for foreign body in the eye

A

see immediate help if there is tearing, irritation and scratchy

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6
Q

What to do if chemical contact in eye?

A

flush eye
pull eyelids away from eye at times
at least 15 mins

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7
Q

What if contact lesnes are in when getting chemicals in your eye?

A

see MD and take them out if possible

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8
Q

Sx of radiant energy from sun in eye

A

red eyes
itchy, foreign body sensations

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9
Q

What to do for mild cases of radiant energy in eye?

A

cool compresses
non medicated eye drops
sunglasses for few days

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the eye function?

A

out layer is oily
middle is aquenous
inner is mucoidal

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11
Q

What is the function of tears?

A

lubricating
protecting
nourishing

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12
Q

What is the etiology of dry eyes?

A

change to any tear component
alteration in blink frequency/efficiency

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13
Q

Sx of dry eyes

A

difficulty blinking
generally less tears produced

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14
Q

What to consider for dry eyes if they have blepharitis

A

oil glands can be compromised

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15
Q

What to consider for dry eyes if they have medications

A

acutane
drugs with anticholinergic effects

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16
Q

What to consider for dry eyes if they have lasik

A

cuts the nerves

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17
Q

What to consider for dry eyes if they have sjogren’s syndrome

A

dry eyes
dry mouth
arthritic joint pain

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18
Q

Tx for dry eyes

A

artificial tears, look for simple watch out for mfg claims

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19
Q

Other options for dry eyes

A

humidifier (if winter)
lid margin hygiene
plug the ducts
cyclosporine drops (RestasisR)
omega 3 fatty acids
lifitegrast drops
heat at night

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20
Q

What does xiidra do?

A

anti-inflammatory

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21
Q

What does tyrvaya do?

A

activates the trigeminal nerve –> cholinergic stim –> increase tear film

this is a nasal spray

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22
Q

What is punctal occlusion?

A

blocking b/c the tears are not doing great

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23
Q

Etiology of stye

A

staph aureus infection in an eyelash follicle

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24
Q

Tx for a stye

A

warm compress
keep clean
should be gone in 7 days
no real tx
DO NOT squeeze

25
Q

Etiology of Chalazion

A

Obstruction of an oil gland
can be painless or tender
slow to develop –> lasts longer

26
Q

Tx of chalazion

A

warm compresses + massage - warm up fat - extract

27
Q

What is conjunctival hyperemia?

A

conjuntiva irritated
microlayer membrane impacted
clears ~7-10 days

28
Q

Etiology of Coj hyperemia

A

dust, smoke, chlorine (low level risk - few days)
low humidity
eye strain
symptom of ocular conditions (Blepharitis, Rosacea …)
contact lenses –> eye Dr

29
Q

Treatment of conj hyperemia

A

might be able to flush the cause out
cool compresses
topical decongestants?

30
Q

Topical decongestants -conj hyperemia

A

for red eye
used q6h
phenylephrine

31
Q

When to use topical decongestants for conj hyperemia?

A

Cosmetic reasons (maybe)
not going to help much more than that

32
Q

Blepharitis

A

always MD
eyelid disorder
can lead to problems with dry eyes
can be chronic in elderly
oily film is gone/surface film gone

33
Q

Etiology of blepharitis

A

disorder of meibomain gland
can be bacterial or seborrheic

34
Q

Sx of blepharitis

A

more noticeable in AM
inflam of eyelid margins (red, scaly, no discharge)
scales = yellowish, bit greasy if seborrheic version
eyes can become irritated, dryness
vision normal (or some blurring)

35
Q

What are the red flags of blepharitis

A

vision change

36
Q

What could be mistaken for blepharitis?

A

eczema of the eyelid

37
Q

Treatment of blepharitis

A

often needs chronic mgt
if bacterial
- eyelid hygiene
-topical antibiotics

if seborrheic
- eyelid hygien
check/treat sclap
warm compress
tx lasts 3 wks to montns

38
Q

Etiology of conjunctivitis

A

viral
allergic (will be both eyes)
bacterial
infection (pink eye)

Refer if anything but allergies

39
Q

Tx of allergic conjunctivitis

A

cool compresses/non-medicated drops
topical antihistamines
oral antihistamines
topical cromolyn
decongestants
ocular steroids

40
Q

Examples of Topical antihistamines

A

OTC
pyrilamine
antazoline
pheniramine

Rx
emedastine
ketotifen

41
Q

Examples of topical cromolyn (like)

A

OTC – opticrom (frequent dosing)

Rx
patanol
alocril
alomide

42
Q

What is cromolyn?

A

mast cell stabilizer
almost no systemic s/e
frequent dosing (>QID)
OTC

43
Q

What is alocril?

A

used for allergic conjugate
mast cell stabilizer
BID
Rx

44
Q

What is patanol?

A

used for allergic conjugate
mast cell stabilizer + antiHe
BID
safe - reduce tx gap
Rx

45
Q

What is alomide?

A

used for allergic conjugate
mast cell stabilizer
QID
Rx

46
Q

What is lumify?

A

decongestant
no rebound
breakout use if needed

47
Q

Should topical steroids be used for allergic conjugate?

A

good addition for chronic allergies
worried about increasing intraocular pressure

48
Q

Should loteprednol be used for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

less steroid induced s/e in seasonal allergic conj
reduce effect of increase IOP
if you are going with steroids this is the one

49
Q

Describe infectious conjectivitis

A

virus eye infections
exudate from the eye
exudate from lid margin
starts in 1 eye then moves to 2
often follows a cold

50
Q

What is the difference between viral and bacterial?

A

viral - 1 eye
profuse tearing

bacteria ~ both eyes
exudate /stuck shut in am

51
Q

Treatment for viral conjunctivitis

A

most refs suggest symptomatic care
saline or tears to wash for TLC
self limiting around 7 days

52
Q

Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

topical antibiotics
3 day window
use an a/biotic
MD
if you are right should see improvement within 2 days

53
Q

If child is <6 what is the red flags to refer

A

discharge
eyes glued shut in AM
eye pain

54
Q

When you think it is bacterial conjunctivitis what OTC is a recommendation?

A

polysporin pink eye
maybe not the best but in your back pocket
use for QID for 7-10 d and 2 d after clear

55
Q

If instilling drops are a struggle then…

A

put in corner of eye when closed + laying down then get them to open their eys

56
Q

Red flag for pink eye

A

gets worse or does not improve by 5 days
see MD

57
Q

What is blepharospasm?

A

benign twitches in eyelids

58
Q

What is obstructed tear duct?

A

tears do not drain away
seen in newborns
most clear on their own

59
Q

What is age related macular degen?

A

not an OTC condition
most are dry type
- fat deposits (due to lipids)

Wet type (very serious)
vascular leakage

PHARM 154 (16 decks)

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