Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Glaucoma Drugs

Question 1

What are the classes of Glaucoma Drugs?

Answer 1

Cholinergic / Parasymphathomimetic + Carbonic Ahnydrase
Adrenergic / Alpha Agonist + Beta Blockers
Prostaglandin Analogs
Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Combination Glaucoma Meds

Question 2

What is the purpose of Glaucoma Medication?

Answer 2

Lower the IOP

Reduce Production of Aqueous Humour

Question 3

Where does the increase of drainage occurs?

Answer 3

Trabecular Meshwork

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Action of the Cholinergic Drugs?

Answer 4

Binds to cholinergic receptors

Question 5

What are the cholinergic receptors?

Answer 5

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

Question 6

What is the pathway for Cholinergic?

Answer 6

Drug binds to cholinergic receptors
Ciliary muscles contract
Pupils constrict
Drainage in the TM

Question 7

What is an example of Cholinergic Medication?

Answer 7

Isopto Carpine (Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Sol)

Question 8

What are adverse effects for Cholinergic Drugs?

Answer 8

Burning, Stinging
Small pupil
Headache

Question 9

What is the cap colour for Miotics? (Cholinergic)

Answer 9

Green

Question 10

What is the cap colour for Anticholinesterase (CAI) Drugs?

- Carbonic Ahnydrase

Answer 10

Orange

Question 11

What is the Mechanism of Action of Anticholinesterase?

Answer 11

Inhibits carbonic ahnydrase enzyme

Reduce aqueous production

Question 12

What inhibits carbonic ahnydrase enzyme?

Answer 12

Anticholinesterase

Question 13

What are examples of Anticholinesterase drugs?

Carbonic Ahnydrase

Answer 13

Azopt (Brinzolamide Sol)

Trusopt (Dorzolamide Sol)

Question 14

What are adverse effects of Anticholinestarase? (CAI)

Answer 14

Blurred vision
Allergic reactions
Dysgeusia

Question 15

What is the meaning of bad taste?

Answer 15

Dysgeusia

Question 16

Why might people have allergic reactions to CAIs?

Answer 16

Sulphonamides Derivative

Question 17

Are Cholinergic drugs parasympathomimetic or sympathomimetic?

Answer 17

Parasympathomimetic

Question 18

What are the two drug classes under Adrenergic Glaucoma Medications?

Answer 18

Alpha Agonists

Beta Blockers

Question 19

What are the two cap colours for Beta Blockers?

Answer 19

Light blue and Yellow

Question 20

What cap colour of beta blocker is 0.25%?

Answer 20

Light Blue

Question 21

What cap colour of beta blocker is 0.5%?

Answer 21

Yellow

Question 22

What is the Mechanism of Action of Beta Blockers?

Answer 22

Block beta adrenergic receptors

Reduce aqueous humour production

Question 23

What are examples of Beta Blockers?

Answer 23

Timoptic (Timolol Meleate sol or gel)
Betoptic S (Betaxolol hydrochloride)
Betagan (Levobunolol Hydrochloride)

Question 24

What are adverse effects of Beta Blockers?

Answer 24

Bradycardia

Shortness of breath

Question 25

What is the cap colour of Alpha Agonist?

Answer 25

Purple

Question 26

What is the Mechanism of Action of Alpha Agonists?

Answer 26

Agonist activity on Alpha receptors Reduce aqueous humor production Increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 27

What are examples of an Alpha Agonist drugs?

Answer 27

Alphagan (Brimonidine solution)

Question 28

What are adverse effects of Alpha Agonist?

Answer 28

Redness, itching Dry mouth Dysgeusia

Question 29

What is the cap colour of Prostaglandin?

Answer 29

Teal

Question 30

What is the Mechanism of Action of Prostaglandin Analogs?

Answer 30

Increase uveoscleral outflow | NO (nitric oxide) to increase TM outflow (Vyzulta)

Question 31

What is a benefit of Prostaglandin Analog?

Answer 31

Once a day dosing

Question 32

What are adverse effects for Prostaglandin Analogs?

Answer 32

Iris pigmentation Eyelash pigmentation and growth Hyperemia

Question 33

What are examples of Prostaglandins?

Answer 33

Xalatan (Latanoprost sol 0.005% Lumigan (Bimatoprost sol 0.03%) Travatan Z (Travoprost sol 0.004%) Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod sol 0.024%)

Question 34

What is the cap colour for Rho Kinase Inhibitor?

Answer 34

White? | NA

Question 35

What is the mechanism of action of Rho Kinase?

Answer 35

Inhibit norepinephrine transport -> reduce aqueous production Rho kinase inhibitor

Question 36

What is the mechanism of action of Combination Glaucoma medication?

Answer 36

Depends on type of glaucoma meds

Question 37

What combination drug is Cosopt (Dorzolamide and Timolol)?

Answer 37

CAI and Beta Blocker

Question 38

What combination drug is Combigan (Brimonidine and Timolol)?

Answer 38

Alpha Agonist and Beta Blocker

Question 39

What combination drug is Simbrinza (Brimonidine and Brinzolamide)?

Answer 39

Alpha Agonist and CAI

Question 40

What combination drug is Rocklatan (Latanoprostene Bunod and Netarsudil)?

Answer 40

Prostaglandin and Rhokinase