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My Step 2 CK > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

A pt presents with bilateral red eye, watery discharge, itchiness and preauricular adenopathy with normal pupillary response most likely suffers from ….

A 
Viral Conjunctivitis (easily transmissible)
(tx: topical antihistamines/ decongestants)
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2
Q

A pt presents with unilateral red eye, purulent/thick discharge, significant crust formation overnight and normal pupillary response most likely suffers from …

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(poorly transmissible)
(tx: topical antibiotics)

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3
Q

A pt presents with red eye, photophobia, hx of autoimmune disease and pain when light is shined in unaffected eye most likely suffers from ….

A

Uveitis (iris, ciliary body, choroid inflammation)

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4
Q

What diagnostic test is used to detect uveitis?

A

slit lamp

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5
Q

What is the treatment for uveitis?

A

topical steroids

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6
Q

What disease is keratic precipitates (inflammatory cells that accumulate on inside of cornea) associated with?

A

uveitis

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7
Q

A pt presents with sudden onset red, severely painful eye that is hard to palpation and associated with fixed midpoint pupil (due to stuck pupil), walking into dark room invokes pain (b/c wants to react but can’t), hazy/cloudiness of cornea , cup to disc ratio > 0.3 and decreased visual acuity most likely suffers from ….

A

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

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8
Q

What is the diagnostic test for Glaucoma?

A

Tonometry (elevation in intraocular pressure)

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9
Q

What are the treatments for aucte angle closure glaucoma? (5)

A
  1. Acetazolamide (decreased aqueous humor production)
  2. Mannitol (osmotic diuretic)
  3. Pilocarpine (increases aqueous humor outflow via constricting pupil)
  4. beta blockers (decrease production)
  5. Laser trabeculoplasty (last resort)
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10
Q

A pt presents with red eye after trauma such as use of contact lenses and it feels like there is sand in the pt’s eye most likely suffers from …

A

Corneal abrasion

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11
Q

What is the diagnostic test used for corneal abrasions?

A

fluorescein stain

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12
Q

What medications increase the drainage of aqueous humor and used in the treatment of glaucome?

A
  1. Prostaglandin analogues (latanaprost, travoprost, bimatoprost)
  2. Pilocarpine
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13
Q

What medications decrease the production of the aqueous humor and used in glaucoma?

A
  1. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide, brinzolamide)
  2. topical beta blockers
    (timolol, carteolol, betaxolol, metipranolol, levobunolol)
  3. alpha adrenergic (apraclonidine, brimonidine)
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14
Q

A pt presents with red, swollen and painful eye and the sensation that something is caught under the eyelid most likely suffers from ….

A

Herpes Keratitis

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15
Q

What should be avoided in herpes keratitis?

A

steroids (worsen growth of virus leading to blindness)

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic test used to detect herpes keratitis?

A

Fluorescein staining (dendritic pattern under blue light)

17
Q

What is the treatment for herpes keratitis?

A
  1. oral acyclovir ( or derivatives)

2. topical trifluridine or idoxuridine

18
Q

A pt presents with slowly progressive blurry vision, decreased color perception and difficulty with night driving (due to glare of headlights) most likely suffers from …

A

Cataracts (opacification of lens)

19
Q

What is the treatment for cataracts?

A

surgical removal of lens and replace with new intraocular lens

20
Q

What is the diagnosis of early cataracts?

A

slit lamp

21
Q

What patients should always have an ophthalmology consult immediately once diagnosed?

A

Diabetics

22
Q

A diabetic pt complaining of floaters in their eye is suggestive of …. formation

A

vitreal hemorrhages

23
Q

What are the findings in nonproliferative (background) retinopathy in diabetics? (4)

A
  1. dilation of veins
  2. microaneurysms
  3. retinal edema
  4. retinal hemorrhages
24
Q

What are the findings in proliferative retinopathy in diabetics?

A
  1. intravitreal hemorrhages

2. neovascularization

25
Q

What is the most accurate diagnostic test for diabetic retinopathy?

A

fluorescein angiography (detects vessels that should undergo laser coagulation)

26
Q

What is the treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy other than tight glycemic control? (3)

A
  1. laser photocoagulation
  2. VEGF inhibitors (vascular endothelial growth factors inhibitors)
  3. vitrectomy (to remove vitreal hemorrhage obstructing hemorrhage)
27
Q

What is the treatment for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A

tight glycemic control

28
Q

A pt presents with sudden, painless unilateral vision loss and ophthalmoscopic findings include pale retina, diminshed perfusion, cherry red spot on fovea and box-car segmentation of veins most likely suffers from …

A

Central retinal artery occlusion (pale b/c blood cant get in)

29
Q

What are attempted treatments for central retinal artery occlusion? (5)

A
  1. oxygen
  2. ocular massage (to unobstruct vessel)
  3. acetazolamide (decrease intraocular pressure)
  4. thrombolytics
  5. anterior chamber paracentesis
30
Q

A pt presents with sudden painless unilateral vision loss and ophthalmoscopic findings include disk swelling, venous dilation, toruosity, and retinal hemorrhages most likely suffers from …

A

Central retinal vein occlusion (blood gets in but can’t come out)

31
Q

A pt presents with sudden unilateral blurry vision without pain or redness, that is characterized as curtain coming down and have floaters and flashes at periphery of vision most likely suffers from …

A

Retinal detachment

associated with myopia and diabetic retinopathy

32
Q

What is the treatment for retinal detachment? (3)

A
  1. mechanical attachment (sugery, laser, cryotherapy)
  2. inject expansible gas (to push retina back in globe of eye)
  3. surgical removal of vitreous and surgical attachement to sclera
33
Q

A elderly pt presents with slow progressive bilateral central visual loss with drusen (yellowish deposits) most likely suffers from …

A

Dry (atropic) type of macular degeneration

34
Q

A pt presents with rapid bilateral central visual loss with drusen (yellowish deposits) and neovascularization most likely suffers from …

A

Wet (exudative) type of macular degeneration

more cause of blindness

35
Q

What is the most accurate diagnostic test for macular degeneration?

A

Fluorescein angiography

36
Q

What is the treatment for wet type of macular degeneration?

A

VEGF inhibitors (ranibizumab and bevacizumab)

My Step 2 CK (21 decks)

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