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My Step 2 CK > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best initial test for pulmonary complaints (cough of unknown origin, SOB/ dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis)?

A

Chest X-ray

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2
Q

A pt presents with JVD and plethora most likely suffers from …

A

Superior vena cava syndrome

secondary to mediastinal mass compressing SVC

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3
Q

What is considered cardiomegaly on CXR?

A

heart size greater than 50% of the diameter of chest

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4
Q

What is the best CXR for bed-ridden patients?

A

AP (anterior-posterior) CXR

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5
Q

What is the most sensitive radiographic test for pleural effusion?

A

lateral CXR (can detect small amounts)

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6
Q

What is the finding of pleural effusion on lateral decubitus CXR?

A

flattening of consolidation along chest wall suggesting free fluid

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7
Q

What is the finding on CXR for lobar pneumonia?

A

localized, partially opaque consolidation

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8
Q

What is the finding on CXR for pulmonary nodule?

A

circumscribed with identifiable borders and calcifications

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9
Q

How many ribs should be visible on CXR if pt in full inhalation?

A

10

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10
Q

What are findings on CXR for pneumothorax?

A
  1. shift of border of lung inward
  2. loss of lung markings laterally
  3. tracheal deviation away from lesion
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11
Q

What does free air under the diaphragm on CXR suggest?

A

Bowel perforation (best seen on chest X-ray versus abdominal X-ray)

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12
Q

When should an abdominal X-ray be ordered?

A

suspect small bowel obstruction

N/V, abdominal distention, diffuse tenderness

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13
Q

What is a KUB film?

A

supine view of abdomen that visualizes kidneys, ureters and bladder

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14
Q

Dilation on bowel wall with presence of air-fluid levels on an upright abdominal X-ray suggests …

A

Small bowel obstruction
(stair stepping of air fluid levels suggests mechanical obstruction)

(no stair stepping suggest ileus)

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15
Q

What are the indications for Bone X-ray? (4)

A
  1. fracture
  2. bone tumor eval
  3. osteomyelitis
  4. skeletal survey (trauma pt; child abuse pt)
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16
Q

A pt presenting with bone pain, local swelling and symptoms of systemic infection (fever) with periosteal elevation (cloudy area by bone) and osteolysis (lucency of bone) on X-ray most likely suffers from

A

Osteomyelitis

x-ray changes delayed by 2 weeks compared to MRI

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17
Q

What are the drawbacks of CT imaging?

A
  1. high dose radiation (limit in kids, avoid in pregnant)

2. may require IV contrast (allergic reaction; renal failure so give fluids, NaHCO3, N-acetylcysteine)

18
Q

What medication is contraindicated prior to use of IV contrast?

A

Metformin (b/c renally excreted)

19
Q

What are the indications for non-contrast head CT?

A
  1. severe head trauma (LOC, altered mental status)
  2. stroke (hemorrhagiv vs. ischemic)
  3. intracranial bleeding
20
Q

What is the appearance of blood on non-contrast CT?

A

white

21
Q

A darkening of brain parenchyma, blurring of gray-white border, and asymmetry of brain tissue on non-contrast head CT suggests ….

A

Ischemic Stroke (give tPA if w/in 3 hours)

22
Q

A bright, loacalized area of bleeding (white), mass effect (asyemmetry), gray-white junction intact on non-contrast head CT most likely suffers from …

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

23
Q

A crescent shaped bright white near skull on non-contrast head CT most likely suffers from …

A

Sudrual hematoma

bridging veins tear

24
Q

A lens (biconvex disc) shaped bright white lesion near skull on non-contrast head CT most likely suffers from ….

A

Epidural hemotoma

middle meningeal artery tear

25
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for pancreatitis?

A 
abdominal CT
(blurring of visceral borders of pancreas, pancreatic enlargement)
26
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice once pheochromocytoma presence is determined via metanephrines?

A

abdominal CT (adrenal gland tumors)

27
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for suspected splenic laceration (trauma w/ pain in LUQ and left shoulder)?

A

Abdominal CT

28
Q

What are common findings of appendicitis on abdominal CT?

A
  1. appendix larger than 6 mm
  2. wall thickening
  3. fat stranding near appendix
29
Q

What are common findings of diverticulitis on abdominal CT?

A
  1. localized bowel wall thickening
  2. fat stranding
  3. diverticula
30
Q

What should you avoid in a patient with suspected nephrolithiasis when performing abdominal CT?

A

contrast (oral and IV)

31
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for pulmonary embolism?

A

CT angiogram

32
Q

What are the drawbacks of MRI? (3)

A
  1. long scans (take time)
  2. metal implants contraindicated
  3. small tube invoking claustrophobia
33
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice to confirm multiple sclerosis?

A

MRI

34
Q

What is the most accurate test for osteomylelitis?

A

MRI

35
Q

What are the drawbacks of ultrasound?

A
  1. poor at visualizing structures beyond bone
  2. poor at visualizing structures beyond air
  3. image quality loss in large body habitus
36
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for gallstone disease?

A

Ultrasound

37
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for polycystic kidney disease?

A

Ultrasound

38
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for polycystic ovarian syndrome?

A

Ultrasound

39
Q

What is the imaging diagnostic test of choice to assess for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Ultrasound

40
Q

What are classic findings of cholecystitis on ultrasound? (4)

A
  1. echogenic within lumen of gallbladder (gallstone)
  2. thickened gallbladder wall (>3 mm)
  3. pericholestatic fluid (layer of fluid around gallbladder)
  4. sonographic murphy’s sign
41
Q

What imaging study is used in fever of unknown origin?

A

gallidium scan

42
Q

What is the second line test used to detect pulmonary embolism (especially used in pt with contrast allergy)?

A

V/Q scan (ventilation-perfusion)

My Step 2 CK (21 decks)

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