Clin Med I > Ophthomology > Flashcards

Ophthomology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

All 6 EOM attach to the ___ and orginate at the ___.

A
  • sclera

- common tendinous ring (except superior oblique - sphenoid)

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2
Q

What is the name of the dilator muscle of the pupil?

Is it part of the SNS or PSNS?

A
  • dilator pupillae

- SNS

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3
Q

What is the name of the constrictor muscle of the pupil? Is it part of the SNS or PSNS?

A
  • sphincter pupillae

- PSNS, CN3

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4
Q

Excessive dilation of the pupil is called ____. Excessive constriction is called _____.

A
  • mydriasis

- miosis

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5
Q

Aqueous humor is produced in the ____ and reabsorbed by ____ in the canal of ____.

A
  • ciliary body
  • trabeculae
  • Schlemm
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6
Q

Cones are responsible for ____ & ____ vision, while Rods are responsible for ____ & _____ vision.

A
  • Cones: central & colored

- Rods: night & peripheral

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7
Q

True or False: There are more cones than rods.

A

FALSE

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8
Q

____ is near the center of the retina and contains millions of tightly packed cones.

A

Macula

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9
Q

____ is the center of the macula and is rod-free.

A

Fovea

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10
Q

The Cup:Disc ratio should not exceed ___.

A

0.5 or 1:2

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11
Q

Inward turning of the eyelid is known as ___.

A

Entropion

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12
Q

Outward turning of the eyelid is known as ___.

A

Ectropion

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13
Q

___ is the acute inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

A

Dacryoadenitis

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14
Q

___ is an infection of the lacrimal sac, usually d/t congenital or acquired obstruction of the nasolacrimal system.

A

Dacryocystitis

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15
Q

Tearing or excessive water in the eye is known as ___.

A

Epiphora

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16
Q

Central retina artery occlusion presentation

A
  • optic disc pallor
  • cherry red fovea
  • constricted arterioles (boxcar segmented)
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17
Q

Central retina artery occlusion treatment

A
  • call ophtho
  • Attempt to dislodge (ballotment, hemodilution, rebreathe CO2)
  • reduce IOP (acetazolamide or beta blockers)
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18
Q

Central retina vein occlusion presentation

A
  • retinal hemorrhage
  • cotton wool spots
  • dilated tortuous retinal veins
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19
Q

Central retina vein occlusion treatment

A
  • call ophtho
  • hemodilution
  • manage HTN
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20
Q

Retinal detachment presentation

A
  • “curtain pulling down”

- abnormal light reflex

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21
Q

Retinal detachment treatment

A

call optho for surgical repair

know onset time

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22
Q
  • hazy reddish vision
  • red debris floating
  • obscured retina and optic disc

…Diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Vitreous hemorrhage

23
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage treatment

Study These Flashcards
A
  • stop thinners
  • sleep upright, no strenuous activities
  • continue to reexamine for inc bleeding
24
Q
  • proptosis, chemosis, recent infection
  • decreased EOMs, absent pupillary reflex

…Diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

25
Cavernous sinus thrombosis treatment
- broad spectrum abx (rocephin, vanco, nafcillin) | - consider steroid and anticoags
26
What deficiencies can cause destruction of the optic nerve
Vit B1, Vit B12, copper
27
- mid-dilated, fixed pupil - IOP >40 mmHg - photophobia, halos, HA ...Diagnosis?
Acute angle closure glaucoma
28
Acute angle closure glaucoma treatment
- IV analgesics & antiemetics - constrict pupils - shift aqueous fluid - decrease Aq humor production
29
- tunnel vision - bilat increased IOP >21 - cupping of optic disc ...Diagnosis?
Open angle glaucoma
30
Open angle glaucoma treatment
- decrease Aq Humor | - Increase Aq outflow
31
- ciliary flush, small irregular pupils - floating debris in anterior chamber - eye redness, photophobia, blurry vision ...Diagnosis?
Uveitis
32
Uveitis treatment
- ophtho in 24 hours - cyclopegics - steroid if optho requests
33
- central loss of vision - pain with EOM - red desaturation test, optic disc edema ...Diagnosis?
optic neuritis
34
optic neuritis treatment
steroids, if optho recommends
35
optic neuritis may be the first presentation of ___ in up to 65% of patients
MS
36
orbital blowout fracture treatment
- if <50% displaced with no entrapment = no surgical intervention - if >50% displaced, surgical intervention - analgesics - Augmentin if open Fx
37
- decreased EOM, periorbital ecchymosis/edema, facial bone crepitus - diplopia - Hx trauma ...Diagnosis?
orbital blowout fracture
38
- Hx trauma - Seidel's sign on fluoro stain ...Diagnosis?
ruptured globe
39
- blood in anterior chamber - decreased vision with pain ...Diagnosis?
Hyphema
40
Hyphema Tx
- Optho in 2-3 days if less than 1/3 and normal IOP - reduce Aq humor prod (dec IOP) - d/c thinners and nsaid
41
With fluorescein staining, a dendritic appearance is indicative of ____
corneal ulceration secondary to HSV
42
periorbital cellulitis Tx vs. orbital cellulitis Tx
- peri = Augmentin or Clinda | - orbital = Broad spectrum Abx
43
- decreased vision, systemically ill - hypopyon, chemosis, absent red reflex ...Diagnosis?
Endophthalmitis
44
Endophthalmitis Tx
- emergent ophtho consult - possible paracentesis | - Broad spectrum Abx
45
Anterior vs Posterior blepharitis
- Anterior = greasy scales (remove with wash cloth and shampoo) - Posterior = dry flakes and inflamed Meibomian glands (can express)
46
Stye Tx
- warm compress - wash QID - bacitracin or erythromycin
47
conjunctivitis Tx
- COLD compress | - DO NOT patch
48
- gradual blurry vision, excess glare, fixed spots - whitish lens ...Diagnosis?
cataracts
49
- retinal hemorrhage and edema - venous dilation - exudates on fundoscopy ...Diagnosis?
Diabetic retinopathy
50
- AV nicking, tortuous arterioles - cotton wool spot ...Diagnosis?
Hypertensive retinopathy
51
- loss of central vision - atrophy/degeneration of outer retina ...Diagnosis?
Dry macular degeneration
52
- loss of central vision - new vessels, fluid accumulation, hemorrhage ...Diagnosis?
Wet macular degeneration
53
____ is when an eye deviates inward when covered and resumes straight ahead position. ____ is when the eye deviates outward
- Esophoria | - Exophoria
54
- central loss of vision - dyschromatopsia ...Dx?
optic neuritis
Clin Med I
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