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AMK > Opthalm > Flashcards

Opthalm Flashcards

1
Q

two types of ARMD

A

dry
wet (neovascularization, leakage of fluid)

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2
Q

what do you see in dry vs wet ARMD

A

dry: drusen (yellow spots)
wet (red patches of haemorrhage)

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3
Q

Mx for wet ARMD

A

anti-VEGF

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4
Q

bacterial keratitis
most common cause, Px, Mx

A

bacterial infection of the cornea
assoc. with contact lens wearers (pseudomonas!!!!) /corneal abrasion

red eye, lacrimation, feeling of foreign body in eye

Mx: topical ABs

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5
Q

blepharitis and MX

A

chronic eyelid inflammation
Mx: lid hygiene,

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6
Q

carotid cavernous fistula
Px

A

connection made between cavernous sinus and carotid artery
Px: pulsatile exophthalmos; conjunctival injection, optic bruit

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7
Q

cherry red spot on a pale retina

A

central retinal artery occlusion

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8
Q

stormy sunset
describe it and what causes it q

A

flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots
central retinal vein occlusion

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9
Q

chronic open angle glaucoma and Px

A

increased resistance to trabecular meshwork = less drainage of aqueous humour.
gradual vision loss, tunnel vision

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10
Q

Mx of COAG

A
  1. surgical: selective laser trabeculoplasty
  2. if they don’t want SLT: latanoprost
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11
Q

headache, nausea, vomiting
severe eye pain, red eye, blurry vision
what is this? Mx

A

acute angle closure glaucoma
Mx: pilocarpine; acetazolamide; timolol
peripheral iridotomy

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12
Q

pupil presentation in angle closure glaucoma

A

fixed-dilated

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13
Q

3rd nerve palsy, eyes rest at what position

A

down adn out

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14
Q

scleritis vs episcleritis

A

both present w red eye
scleritis is more severe pain on eye movement
episceral vessels blanch when pressed, scleral do not

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15
Q

endopthalmitis
Px and Mx

A

infection inside the eye presenting with severe eye pain, vision loss
happens after cataract surgery
Mx: intravitreal vancomycin

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16
Q

dendritic ulcers are pathognomic for:

A

herpes simplex keratitis

17
Q

Argyll-robertson pupil

A

bilaterally small pupils
constrict when focused on a near object, do not constrict upon bright light
neurosyphilis!!!!!!

18
Q

optic neuritis triad and Mx

A

ocular pain
vision loss
colour blindness

IV methylprednisolone

19
Q

swollen, red, painful eye
recently had a sinus infection
what is it? and Mx

A

orbital cellulitis
IV antibiotics

20
Q

newborn baby, acute red eye, mucopurulent discharge bilaterally
what is it? and Mx

A

gonorrhoeal conjunctivitis (passed vertically through delivery)
Mx: cefotaxime

21
Q

gold standard Ix for orbital cellulitis

A

CT sinus and orbits

22
Q

post cataract surgery, progressive blurring of vision
what is it and Mx?

A

posterior capsule opacification
YAG laser capsulotomy

23
Q

Px of anterior uveitis and Mx

A

redness, pain, photophobia
Assoc with HLA B27 (ankylosing spondylitis, IBD)
Mx: dexamethason drops

24
Q

any eye problem with neovascularization do….

A

pan-retinal photocoagulation

25
Q

any eye problem with macular edema do….

A

anti-VEGF intravitreal

25
Q

what is occlusion therapy in strabismus

A

covering the normal eye with a patch. forces the kid to use the abnormal eye and strengthens the msucles

26
Q

ABs for orbital cellulitis

A

adults: pip taz
children: cefotaxime + metronidazole

27
Q

Holmes Adie pupil px and ix

A

unilateral dilated pupil, reduced constriction upon light
positive pilocarpine test

28
Q

corneal ulcer vs corneal abrasion

A

corneal abrasion does not cause vision loss

28
Q

macular star

A

exudates lining up like a star
retinal blood vessels leaking fluid -> macular star
seen in hypertensive retinopathy

29
Q

what is the surgery used to remove cataracts

A

phacoemulsification

30
Q

normal intraocular pressure

A

12-22mmHg

31
Q

1st and 2nd line treatment for conjunctivitis

A

topical chloramphenicol drops
topical fusidic acid drops

32
Q

what treatment for conjunctivitis is contraindicated in pregnancy, what is used instead

A

topical chloramphenicol contraindicated
topical fusidic acid used instead

33
Q

difference between bacterial, viral and allergic conjunctivitis

A

bacterial: discharge on waking up, grittiness, redness

viral: associated with URTI, bilateral, itchiness, pre auricular lymph nodes

allergic: redness, itchiness, check history!

34
Q

how to confirm anterior uveitis

A

slit lamp

35
Q

2 meds for anterior uveitis and MOA

A

topical corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)

cycloplegic myadriatic ( cyclopentane 1% )
to paralyse the ciliary muscles and relieve the pain caused by contraction of these muscles
prevent adhesions between the iris and the anterior lens capsule

AMK (29 decks)

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