Opthalmology

Question 1

Causes of gradual visual loss

Answer 1

Macula/retina

1. ARMD
2. Diabetic retinopathy
3. Retinitis pigmentosa

Optic disc/nerve

4. Glaucoma
5. Optic atrophy

Rest of the eye
6. Cataracts

Question 2

Causes of peripheral visual field loss

Answer 2

Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa
Laser photocoagulation treatment
Branch retinal vein/artery occlusion
Ischaemic optic neuropathy
Stroke
Chismal lesion

Question 3

Causes of central visual loss

Answer 3

ARMD
Diabetic maculopathy
Cataract
Optic neuropathy
Branch retinal vein/artery occlusion affecting macula

Question 4

Syndromes associated with retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 4

1. Refsum (neuropathy, cerebellar, deaf)
2. Usher (deaf)
3. Kearns Sayres (opthalmoplegia)
4. Lawrence Moon Bardet Biedl (deaf, polydactyly, short stature)

Question 5

What are the signs/symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 5

Symptoms

1. Gradual bilateral visual loss
2. Loss of night vision (nyctalopia)
3. Loss of peripheral fields (tunnel vision)

Signs
1. Peripheral retinal pigmentation
2.