OR Safety

Question 1

flow of electrical charges

Answer 1

current

Question 2

the path that current flows through

Answer 2

circuit

Question 3

current moves easily

Answer 3

conductor

Question 4

current moves through poorly

Answer 4

insulator

Question 5

amount of current flow per second

Answer 5

amps

Question 6

pressure pushing electrons

Answer 6

voltage

Question 7

measure of resistance

Answer 7

ohms

Question 8

number of cycles per second

Answer 8

hertz

Question 9

amount of current and area it flows over

Answer 9

current density

Question 10

what are the 3 circuits

Answer 10

hot: supplies current
neutral: supplies return
ground: catches any strays or leakage

Question 11

true or false
flow/electrons always goes to the least resistance

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

what can current flow through

Answer 12

unbroken, closed circuit

(it can escape the designated circuit and travel an alternate path-leakage)

Question 13

true or false:
1 Hz is 1 cycle per second*

Answer 13

true

Question 14

true or false:
the higher the frequency, the LESS dangerous*

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what is minimum current for fibrillation

Answer 15

50 to 60 Hz

Question 16

what can interfere with depolarization and repolarization in myocardium and cause arrhythmias

Answer 16

0 Hz to 1 kHz

Question 17

what can long power cords do

Answer 17

lead to higher resistance

Question 18

1 million ohms (resistance)

Answer 18

dry/healthy intact skin

Question 19

12,000 ohms

Answer 19

Perspiring, intact skin

Question 20

1000 ohms

Answer 20

Conductive jelly applied

Question 21

< 100 ohms (less resistance)

Answer 21

Catheter, pacer wires

Question 22

as current flows through skin, resistance will ___________

Answer 22

decrease

Question 23

Threshold of perception

Answer 23

1 mA

Question 24

Maximum harmless current intensity

Answer 24

5 mA

Question 25

“Let go” prevent release of object; contraction of muscle but it wont let go

Answer 25

10 to 20 mA

Question 26

Pain, mechanical injury (tissue injury)

Answer 26

50 to 100 mA

Question 27

vent fibrillation

Answer 27

100 to 2500 mA

Question 28

Sustained myocardial contraction, resp. paralysis, burns if current density is high

Answer 28

>6000 mA

Question 29

what is a current applied directly to body surface

Answer 29

macroshock

Question 30

what determines the effects of macroshock

Answer 30

surface area, amount of current flow (amps), duration of exposure, frequency of the current, path

Question 31

______shock produces muscle contraction, pain, burns, open wounds, pacer disruption, arrhythmias requires a large amount of current to overcome skins resistance

Answer 31

macroshock

Question 32

what is a current directly applied to heart

Answer 32

microshock

Question 33

Small amounts of voltage or current applied directly to the myocardium bypassing the skin via a IV catheters, pacer wires, etc.

Answer 33

microshock

Question 34

1000 microamps (uA) =

Answer 34

1 milliamp (mA)

Question 35

1000 milliamps (mA) =

Answer 35

1 amp

Question 36

current that escapes the circuit due to stray capacitance and poor insulators

Answer 36

leakage current

Question 37

knows exactly how much current is flowing, measures current flow, tries to measure how much is going in and out, alarms if high

Answer 37

line isolation monitor

Question 38

Electrical current used to cauterize vessels and cut tissue.

Answer 38

electrosurgical units (ESU) / bovie

Question 39

applied as close as possible to surgical site, large surface area to minimize current density; not required for bipolar

Answer 39

disperal pad (bovie pad/grounding pad)

Question 40

two pronged cutting electrode instrument. Current travels only between the two prongs

Answer 40

bipolar

Question 41

current applied using a single electrode that returns to the ESU by way of the dispersal pad.

Answer 41

unipolar

Question 42

what is high frequency

Answer 42

300 kHz – 2 MHz

Question 43

what are 4 surgeries where the bipolar pad would be used

Answer 43

brain, ovarian, or fallopian tube ALSO WITH PACEMAKERS

Question 44

true or false: large surface area is the best for the dispersal pad

Answer 44

TRUE (reduces the chance of a high density burn)

Question 45

what is most important thing to remember about the ESU/bovie and pacemakers*

Answer 45

ESU (bovie) current traveling through pacer can alter functioning USE BIPOLAR

Question 46

what should be done for AICD

Answer 46

turn it off/call the representative

Question 47

when using unipolar (not recommended) for pacemaker, what should you also have with you

Answer 47

magnet know whether the patient is pacemaker dependent

Question 48

what can be irritated by antiseptics and disinfectants

Answer 48

eyes