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Principles of Anesthesia 1 > OR Safety > Flashcards

OR Safety Flashcards

1
Q

flow of electrical charges

A

current

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2
Q

the path that current flows through

A

circuit

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3
Q

current moves easily

A

conductor

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4
Q

current moves through poorly

A

insulator

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5
Q

amount of current flow per second

A

amps

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6
Q

pressure pushing electrons

A

voltage

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7
Q

measure of resistance

A

ohms

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8
Q

number of cycles per second

A

hertz

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9
Q

amount of current and area it flows over

A

current density

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10
Q

what are the 3 circuits

A

hot: supplies current
neutral: supplies return
ground: catches any strays or leakage

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11
Q

true or false
flow/electrons always goes to the least resistance

A

TRUE

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12
Q

what can current flow through

A

unbroken, closed circuit

(it can escape the designated circuit and travel an alternate path-leakage)

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13
Q

true or false:
1 Hz is 1 cycle per second*

A

true

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14
Q

true or false:
the higher the frequency, the LESS dangerous*

A

true

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15
Q

what is minimum current for fibrillation

A

50 to 60 Hz

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16
Q

what can interfere with depolarization and repolarization in myocardium and cause arrhythmias

A

0 Hz to 1 kHz

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17
Q

what can long power cords do

A

lead to higher resistance

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18
Q

1 million ohms (resistance)

A

dry/healthy intact skin

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19
Q

12,000 ohms

A

Perspiring, intact skin

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20
Q

1000 ohms

A

Conductive jelly applied

21
Q

< 100 ohms (less resistance)

A

Catheter, pacer wires

22
Q

as current flows through skin, resistance will ___________

A

decrease

23
Q

Threshold of perception

A

1 mA

24
Q

Maximum harmless current intensity

A

5 mA

25
Q

“Let go” prevent release of object; contraction of muscle but it wont let go

A

10 to 20 mA

26
Q

Pain, mechanical injury (tissue injury)

A

50 to 100 mA

27
Q

vent fibrillation

A

100 to 2500 mA

28
Q

Sustained myocardial contraction, resp. paralysis, burns if current density is high

A

> 6000 mA

29
Q

what is a current applied directly to body surface

A

macroshock

30
Q

what determines the effects of macroshock

A

surface area, amount of current flow (amps), duration of exposure, frequency of the current, path

31
Q

______shock produces muscle contraction, pain, burns, open wounds, pacer disruption, arrhythmias

requires a large amount of current to overcome skins resistance

A

macroshock

32
Q

what is a current directly applied to heart

A

microshock

33
Q

Small amounts of voltage or current applied directly to the myocardium bypassing the skin via a IV catheters, pacer wires, etc.

A

microshock

34
Q

1000 microamps (uA) =

A

1 milliamp (mA)

35
Q

1000 milliamps (mA) =

A

1 amp

36
Q

current that escapes the circuit due to stray capacitance and poor insulators

A

leakage current

37
Q

knows exactly how much current is flowing, measures current flow, tries to measure how much is going in and out, alarms if high

A

line isolation monitor

38
Q

Electrical current used to cauterize vessels and cut tissue.

A

electrosurgical units (ESU) / bovie

39
Q

applied as close as possible to surgical site, large surface area to minimize current density; not required for bipolar

A

disperal pad (bovie pad/grounding pad)

40
Q

two pronged cutting electrode instrument. Current travels only between the two prongs

A

bipolar

41
Q

current applied using a single electrode that returns to the ESU by way of the dispersal pad.

A

unipolar

42
Q

what is high frequency

A

300 kHz – 2 MHz

43
Q

what are 4 surgeries where the bipolar pad would be used

A

brain, ovarian, or fallopian tube

ALSO WITH PACEMAKERS

44
Q

true or false:
large surface area is the best for the dispersal pad

A

TRUE (reduces the chance of a high density burn)

45
Q

what is most important thing to remember about the ESU/bovie and pacemakers*

A

ESU (bovie) current traveling through pacer can alter functioning

USE BIPOLAR

46
Q

what should be done for AICD

A

turn it off/call the representative

47
Q

when using unipolar (not recommended) for pacemaker, what should you also have with you

A

magnet

know whether the patient is pacemaker dependent

48
Q

what can be irritated by antiseptics and disinfectants

A

eyes

Principles of Anesthesia 1 (8 decks)

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