Physics Examples

Question 1

squeezing the ambu bag

Answer 1

Boyle’s

Question 2

the inflatable cuff of a LMA expands when placed into an autoclave for sterilization

Answer 2

Charles

Question 3

the lower the atmospheric pressure, the lower the boiling point

Answer 3

Gay Lussac

Question 4

tucked arm in surgery damaging radial nerve

Answer 4

Force

Question 5

peak inspiratory pressure not over 20

Answer 5

Pressure

Question 6

nitrous oxide in a cylinder

Answer 6

avogadro’s hypothesis

Question 7

what applies to air and oxygen, not nitrous oxide

Answer 7

universal gas law

Question 8

Pressure is ________ proportional to moles (n)

Answer 8

directly

Question 9

if the pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles in a cylinder and thus the amount of gas in the cylinder, the pressure gauge acts as a contents gauge if the cylinder contains a gas

Answer 9

universal gas law

Question 10

energy required to convert 1 kg of a substance from one phase to another at a given temperature (J/kg). can be applied to multiple concepts – changing of phases

Answer 10

specific latent heat

Question 11

when a N2O cylinder is allowed to empty rapidly, the cylinder becomes very cold and water vapor from the surrounding air freezes onto the cylinder (Joule-Thompson effect).

Additional example: the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine; when volatile inhalation agents change from liquid to vapor, it requires heat, causing the remaining liquid and the walls of the vaporizers to cool (lose heat).

Answer 11

latent heat of vaporization

Question 12

what are 3 ways to prevent burns for patient with laser

Answer 12

• Wrap ETT with LASER retardant material/tape- if not, laser will burn the tube
• Decrease oxidizing gas- decrease/dilute out oxygen to 30% with AIR
• Cover patient with water which absorbs LASER energy

Question 13

what is airway papilloma/debris

Answer 13

LASER
nonionizing
0.1 to 0.8 um
Intact DNA of HPV and HIV proviral DNA found in plume

Question 14

neuromuscular blocker versus propofol

Answer 14

solubility

Question 15

Increase FiO2 to increase PaO2

Answer 15

henrys law

Question 16

Overpressurizing with Sevoflurane at 8% to get to alveolar concentration of 2%

Answer 16

henrys law
ficks law

Question 17

Breathing air under pressure as scuba diver causes more nitrogen into solution in tissues

Answer 17

henrys law

Question 18

what is the most potent gas

Answer 18

halothane

Question 19

what is the least potent gas

Answer 19

nitrous

Question 20

Surfactant ________ surface tension

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

flow through different sized IV catheters or ETTs, flow out of syringes with different sized needles, mucous in ETT

Answer 21

Hagen-Poiseuille
resistance

Question 22

Triple point temp

Answer 22

0 degrees C
273.15 K

water, ice, and water vapor are all in equilibrium

Question 23

what is the universal gas law**

Answer 23

as oxygen goes down, volume goes down

If the pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles in a cylinder and thus the amount of gas in the cylinder, the pressure gauge acts as a contents gauge if the cylinder contains a gas

Pv=nRT

Question 24

Heat required to change liquid into vapor/gas**

Answer 24

Latent Heat of Vaporization

when a N2O cylinder is allowed to empty rapidly, the cylinder becomes very cold and the water vapor from the surrounding air freezes on the cylinder (Joule-Thompson effect)

Question 25

what defines turbulent flow**

Answer 25

o Critical velocity is reached
o Direction is changed
o Diameter is abruptly changed
o Flow is obstructed