Oral Cavity

Question 1

Oral Cavity

Answer 1

Enclosed by dental arches, opened and closed by soft palate and tongue. Posterior border is oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 2

Vestibule

Answer 2

External to teeth, oral fissure opens into it, opened and closed by muscles of faceial expression and by movements of lower jaw

Question 3

Gingiva

Answer 3

1. Attached - firmly bound to bone around roots of teeth
2. Free or marginal - lies unattached around cervical region (cuff)
3. Interdental - part of gingiva between teeth
4. Mucogingival line - delineates attached from alveolar towards floor of mouth

Question 4

Vermillion zone

Answer 4

Lips, darker skin

Question 5

Vermillion border

Answer 5

Transition zone outlining vermillion zone

Question 6

Philtrum

Answer 6

Verticle groove on the midline of upper lip, extending downward from nasal septum

Question 7

Lips

Answer 7

Skin external, oral mucosa internal

Question 8

Sublingual and oral submandibular salivary glands

Answer 8

Inferior border of oral cavity

Question 9

Muscular Diaphragm

Answer 9

Fills between left and right sides of mandible body. Composed of mylohyoid muscles

Question 10

Palate

Answer 10

Hard palate: anterior 2/3

Soft palate: posterior 1/3

Question 11

Keratinocytes

Answer 11

Keratin-creating cells

Question 12

Oral Epithelium

Answer 12

Stratified squamous, both keratinized (ortho and para) and nonkeratinized, derived from ectoderm

Question 13

Oral Lamina Propria

Answer 13

Underlying connective tissue, epithelial (rete) pegs descend into connective tissue papillae, contain small mixed serio/mucous glands

Question 14

Where types of mucosa are located?

Answer 14

Masticatory: Gingiva, hard palate
Lining: Lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate, ventral tongue
Specialized: Dorsum of the tongue

Question 15

How does epithelial maturation differs according to function?

Answer 15

Layer structure
Thickness
Epithelial ridge patterns

Question 16

Orthokeratinized

Answer 16

No nuclei in keratin layer

Question 17

Parakeratinized

Answer 17

Small nuclei are retained

Question 18

Epithelial layers

Answer 18

Lamina propria > Stratum basale > Stratum spinosum (prickle cells) > Stratum granulosum > Stratum corneum

Question 19

Stratum basale contents

Answer 19

Stem cells, hemidesmosomes

Question 20

Stratum spinosum contents

Answer 20

Desmosomes

Question 21

Stratum granulosum contents

Answer 21

Keratohyalin granules - keratin aggregation

Lamellar granules - lipid coating

Question 22

Sratum corneum contents

Answer 22

Anucleate then acellular layer of stacks of cross-linked keratin coated with lipid

Question 23

Hard Palate layer

Answer 23

Epithelium: Masticatory (keratinized stratified squamous ortho/para
Epithelium/CT junction: convoluted, many elongated papillae (Rete pegs)
Lamina propria (CT): connected to bone

Question 24

Attached gingiva CT

Answer 24

Many rete pegs

Question 25

Free/marginal gingiva CT

Answer 25

Not attached to bone

Question 26

Mucogingival junction layer

Answer 26

Epithelial changes: Attached- ortho/para keratinized Alveolar - non-keratinized Other Changes: attached - dense LP, many collagen bundles, attached to bone Alveolar - LP is loose with many elastic fibers

Question 27

Lining mucosa layers

Answer 27

Non keratinized, lacks stratum granulosum (no keratinhyaline granules) Found in cheeks and underside of tongue, soft palate

Question 28

Lips: combination of epithelia

Answer 28

Outside: skin Vermillion border: thin epithelium, lots of capillaries, no salivary glands Intermedate zone: parakeratinized Labial mucosa: thicker epithelium, less capillaries, has salivary glands

Question 29

Nonkeratinocytes

Answer 29

Langerhans cells - phagocyti, antigen presenting cells Merkel cells - nerve cell, function as touch and pressure receptors Melanocytes - pigment cells derived from neural crest cells

Question 30

Filiform Papillae

Answer 30

Cover majority of tongue, keratinized, spine shaped

Question 31

Fungiform Papillae

Answer 31

At tip of tongue, nonkeratinized

Question 32

Foliate papillae

Answer 32

Posterior sides of tongue, nonkeratinized, have taste buds

Question 33

Circumvallate papillae

Answer 33

Along junction of body and base of tonsilar area, contain taste buds, surrounded by crypts with von Ebner's glands

Question 34

von Ebner's glands

Answer 34

Serous glands in crypts around circumvallate papillae, secrete serous fluid to wash out crypts

Question 35

Taste buds

Answer 35

Only true sensory cells in oral mucosa, barrel shaped, apical ends terminate in taste pit within taste pores Replaced continually

Question 36

Saliva functions

Answer 36

``` Major secretion of oral cavity Lubricates mouth - mucous secretion Buffering - bicarbonate Digestion - amylase Protection - washes for bacteria Maintain tooth integrity Taste Tissue repair: growth factors ```

Question 37

Haptocorrin

Answer 37

Produced in saliva, binds to vitamin B12 to protect it from stomach acid

Question 38

3 Major salivary glands

Answer 38

Sublingual, submandibular, parotid

Question 39

Salivary gland parts from innermost out

Answer 39

Intralobular: Secretory tubes, intercalated duct Extralobular: Striated duct, excretory duct, main excretory duct

Question 40

Salivary secretory units (parenchyma)

Answer 40

Serous demilune, mucous tubule, intercalated ducts, striated ducts

Question 41

Myoepithelial cells

Answer 41

Squeeze product out of secretory cells

Question 42

Intercalated duct

Answer 42

Conduct saliva

Question 43

Straited duct

Answer 43

Striated appearance, eosinophilic cytoplasm, stains lightly pink, columnar cells

Question 44

Parotid glands

Answer 44

Secretes alpha amylase, serous, largest gland, short striated ducts, long intercalated ducts

Question 45

Mumps

Answer 45

Infection and swelling of parotid glands

Question 46

Age related changes

Answer 46

Epithelium: thinner, epithelial ridges flatten, decreased langerhans cells, decreased filiform papillae on tongue, smoother, drier appearance Lamina propria: Decreased cellularity, increased collagen, vascular changes, increased sebaceous glands of cheeks and lips Salivary glands: atrophy with fibrous replacement and adipose tissue