Oral Cavity (Exam III) Flashcards
(301 cards)
1
Q
What is the oral cavity bounded by superiorly?
A
hard and soft palate
2
Q
What is the oral cavity bound by inferiorly?
A
Tongue and floor of mouth
3
Q
What is the oral cavity bound by anterior and laterally?
A
teeth (dental arcade)
4
Q
What is the oral cavity bound by posteriorly?
A
oropharynx
5
Q
Area enclosed by between lips and teeth:
A
vestibule
6
Q
Transitional zone between external haired skin and internal oral mucosa
A
vermillion border
7
Q
The color of the vermillion border is derived from:
A
highly vascular dermis, & thin, overlying keratinized epidermis
8
Q
Refers to the color of the lips:
A
vermillion
9
Q
The lips are red because the overlying epidermis is very thin so this allows the ____ of underlying dermis to show through
A
blood vessels
10
Q
What type of cells make up the thin epidermis of the vermillion border:
A
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
11
Q
Lips lack:
A
sweat and sebaceous glands
12
Q
Lips are highly sensitive due to:
A
rich sensory innervation
13
Q
The oral cavity is responsible for: (3)
A
- ingestion
- fragmentation
- moistening of food
14
Q
Involves cutting, chewing, and grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth:
A
mastication
15
Q
Mastication is assisted by: (3)
A
lips, tongue, salivary glands
16
Q
Food material chopped up by teeth and covered in saliva to make it easier to swallow
A
bollus
17
Q
Swallowing is also referred to as:
A
deglutition
18
Q
In addition to the digestive functions of the oral cavity, it also is involved in: (4)
A
- speech
- facial expression
- sensory perception
- respiration
19
Q
Because the lips lack sweat and sebaceous glands, they require:
A
constant moistening
20
Q
Critical for outcome of interactions produced by the oral cavity:
A
racial expressions
21
Q
non-keratinized mucosa found on inner cheeks, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue, and soft palate:
A
lining mucosa
22
Q
List the locations of lining mucosa: (4)
A
- inner cheeks
- floor of mouth
- inferior surface of tongue
- soft palate
23
Q
The lining mucosa lacks:
A
stratum corneum
24
Q
The lining mucosa is:
A
non-keratinized
25
Why must the lining mucosa be kept moist?
because it is missing a stratum corneum
26
Present in areas of high abrasion:
masticatory mucosa
27
List 2 examples of areas of high abrasion in which masticatory mucosa may be located:
1. gingiva
2. hard palate
28
Masticatory mucosa is ____ or ____.
keratinized or parakeratinized
29
When cells of the stratum corneum do not lose their nuclei they are said to be:
parakeratinized
30
Thicker epithelium that has living cells on the epithelial surface (cross between keratinized and non-keratinized)
parakeratinized
31
Restricted to the dorsal surface of the tongue; keratinized
specialized mucosa
32
In regard to the tongue, where is specialized mucosa located?
dorsal surface of tongue
33
Is specialized mucosa of the tongue keratinized or nonkeratinized?
keratinized
34
The tongue is a _____ organ composed of interlacing ____ fibers.
muscular organ; skeletal muscle fibers
35
What are scattered throughout the tongue?
accessory salivary glands
36
What is between the muscular layers of the tongue?
lamina propria
37
Because the fibers of the tongue are arranged in multiple planes, this provides:
high range of motion
38
The tongue functions in:
Manipulation of food
39
The tongue assists with:
speaking
40
The accessory salivary glands scattered throughout the tongue are in what layer?
lamina propria b/w skeletal muscle layers
41
The tongue is innervated by:
various cranial nerves
42
List the cranial nerves providing innervation to the tongue: (5)
5,7,9,10,12
43
What cranial nerve provides general sensation anterior to the sulcus terminalis?
cranial nerve 5
44
What cranial nerve provides taste?
cranial nerve 7
45
What cranial nerve provides general sensation & taste posterior to the sulcus terminalis
cranial nerve 9
46
What cranial nerve provides taste and perhaps motor as well?
cranial nerve 10
47
What cranial nerve provides motor to the oral cavity?
cranial nerve 12
48
The tongue is supported inferiorly by the:
frenulum
49
Thin band of connective tissue anchoring the tongue to the floor of the mouth:
frenulum
50
Embryologcially, the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is derived from:
ectoderm
51
Embryologically, the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is derived from:
pharynx (mesoderm)
52
The anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue is separated by a groove called the:
sulcus terminalis
53
Both the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and posterior 1/3 of the tongue are covered by:
stratified squamous epithelium
54
The stratified squamous epithelium of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is:
not keratinized
55
The stratified squamous epithelium of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is:
keratinized
56
What anatomical feature prevents the tongue from flipping backwards and occluding the larynx?
frenulum
57
The sulcus terminalis is a result of:
embryological origins of the tongue
58
What are the most numerous papillae of the tongue?
Filiform
59
keratinized, short bristles distributed in parallel rows: (papillae)
filiform papillae
60
The filiform papillae lack ____ and are primarily _____.
lack tastebuds; primarily tactile
61
Mushroom shaped papillae scattered among the filiform papillae:
fungiform papillae
62
Where are the tastebuds located on the fungiform papillae?
dorsal surface
63
Papillae located in furrows/ridges on the lateral portion of the tongue:
foliate papillae
64
On foliate papillae, where are the tastebuds located?
laterally
65
What are assoicated with the salivary glands (Von ebner's glands) at the base of papilla?
Foliate papilla
66
What type of salivary glands are foliate papillae associated with?
Von ebner's glands
67
Describe foliate papillae in humans:
rudimentary in humans; they contain tasesbuds in children and degenerate with age
68
Row of 8-12 large dome-shaped papillae
circumvallate papillae
69
Where are circumvillate papillae located?
immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis
70
Circumvillate pappilae are surrounded by ____ containing ____.
moat-like sulcus containing large #'s of tases buds laterally around the base
71
In addition to the folliate papillae, what is the other type of papillae associated with the salivary glands (Von Ebners) at the base of the papillae
Circumvillate papillae
72
Circumvillate papillae refers to a ____ sulcus that surrounds the papillae.
mobilized
73
In humans, taste buds are located on ____ of tongue
papillae of tongue
74
What papillae are not associated with taste buds?
filiform
75
Adults have 3,000-10,000 taste buds and past the age of 45 many of them:
degenerate
76
The degeneration of taste buds is responsible for:
changes in taste with age
77
Taste buds are also scattered over:
palate, pharynx, and epiglottis
78
Oval taste buds consist of up to 20-30 spindle-shaped central:
taste cells
79
Another name for taste cells:
gustatory cells
80
Taste cells contain terminal:
taste hairs
81
What is the shape of taste cells?
spindle-shaped
82
The taste hairs project from _____ and into a central ____
the surface of the cell; central taste pore
83
The taste hairs are covered by a ____ to protect and moisten them
glycoprotein coat
84
The taste hairs are surrounded by:
substentacular cells and basal cells
85
Describe the lifespan of taste cells
continuously lost and replaced around ~10 days
86
Taste cells are associated with:
myelinated nerve enedings
87
Taste buds are innevated by fibers from:
cranial nerves 7,9,10
88
What are the 4 basic tastes?
sweet, sour, bitter, and salty
89
Each taste cell contains receptors for _____; but individual taste buds contain ____
only one taste; mixture of taste cells
90
What type of taste receptors are concentrated on circumvillate papillae
bitter taste receptors
91
What acts as a carrier for taste?
saliva
92
What is the 5th taste that was recently discovered?
Umami
93
Umami is associated with:
circumvallate papillae
94
Umami can described as:
savory
95
Umami taste cells detect certain ____ including ___ & ____.
amino acids
glutamate & aspartate
96
Glutamate and aspartate are characteristic of:
asparagus, tomatoes, beef, cheese and MSG
97
Contain greater than normal numbers of circumvallate papillae:
super tasters
98
Sueprtasters are more sensitive to:
bitter tastes
99
Recent studies have shown evidence for a 6th taste for:
fat
100
There is a _____ for taste
basis
101
an example for a genetic basis for taste:
PTC (phenylthiocarbamide)
102
What determines if you can taste PTC and what are the names of the individuals who can vs can't
If you have a gene for PTC and tasters and nontasters
103
Taste influences:
food preferences
104
A decreased ability to detect taste:
hypogeusia
105
Hereditary condition characterized by a total absence of taste buds:
Type 1 familial dysautonomia
106
In the posterior tongue, the underlying mucosa in the caudal 1/3 is a mass of:
lymphoid tissue
107
The underlying mucosa in the caudal 1/3 is a mass of lymphoid tissue known as:
the lingual tonsil
108
The lingual tonsil is similar to ___ & ____ in structure and function
palatine and pharyngeal tonsils
109
Tonsils are located in a ring around the:
nasopharynx
110
The tonsils are located in a ring around the nasopharynx which is collectively referred to as:
waldeyer's ring
111
Waldyer's ring functions to:
protect respiratory & digestive tract
112
Extension of posterior free margin of soft palate:
Uvula
113
The uvula is an extension of:
posterior free margin of soft palate
114
The uvulu has a central core of:
skeletal muscle
115
The uvula is covered by:
lining mucosa
116
The lining mucosa covering the uvula consists of large numbers of:
submucosal (palatine) glands
117
The supposed function of the uvula is:
preventing food from entrance into the nasal cavity when swallowing
118
What are distributed throughout the submucosa of the oral cavity?
salivary glands
119
What are the three major pairs of salivary glands?
parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
120
What are the largest salivary glands, located on cheeks, and almost completely serous?
parotid glands
121
The parotid duct =
stenson's duct
122
The duct of the parotid gland is fairly large and it opens:
within the vestibule opposite of the 2nd molar
123
Glands that are located below the tongue and mostly mucous:
sublingual glands
124
Glands that are located inferior and medial to the ramus of the mandible and a mixture of mucous and serous
submandibular glands
125
The submandibular duct =
wharton's duct
126
The submandibular duct (wharton's duct) opens at:
sublingual caruncle
127
Numerous smaller ____ are scattered throughout the oral mucosa
accessory glands
128
List the accessory glands of the oral mucosa:
lingual, labial, buccal, and palatine
129
What is the location of the parotid gland?
cheeks
130
What is the location of the sublingual glands?
below the tongue
131
What is the location of the submandibular gland?
located inferior and medial to the ramus of the mandible
132
Product of the parotid gland:
almost completely serous
133
Product of the sublingual gland:
mostly mucous
134
Product of the submandibular gland:
mixed
135
Individual ascini are either:
serous or mucous
136
Compound (branched) tubuloacinar glands:
salivary glands
137
The secretory unit of compound (branched) tubuloacinar glands:
acinus
138
_____ surround acini of salivary ducts
myoepithelial cells
139
The myoepithelial cells surround the acini and this allows for :
contraction
140
The contraction of the acini of the salivary glands aids in:
secretion of saliva into the ducts
141
Acini are either:
serous or mucous
142
Serous acini of mixed glands are often in the form of:
demilunes
143
What are often in the form of demilunes?
serous acini of mixed glands
144
Intercalated ducts of salivary are lined by:
simple cuboidal epithelium
145
Intercalated ducts of salivary glands secrete:
Bicarbonate (HC03)
146
Intercalated ducts of salivary resorb:
chloride (Cl)
147
Larger striated ducts of salivary glands are made of what type of cells:
simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
148
The larger striated ducts of salivary glands posses basal striations due to:
folding of the plasma membrane
149
What is the function of the striated ducts in salivary glands?
Resorb NA, Secrete K into saliva and also secrete Lysozyme and IgA
150
The striated ducts of salivary glands empty into larger:
excretory ducts
151
The larger excretory ducts of salivary glands are made of what type of epithelium?
stratified cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
152
Sympathetic stimulation ____ aqueous secretion
inhibits
153
Sympathetic stimulation inhibits aqueous secretion making saliva:
thick, viscous and rich in protein
154
Parasympathetics stimulations results in:
copious watery saliva
155
Saliva contains what 3 main components?
water, glycoproteins, and proteins
156
An example of the glycoproteins in saliva is:
mucus
157
What are the 2 enzymes in saliva?
amylase and lysozyme
158
What is the function of the enzyme amylase in saliva?
converts starch to sugar
159
What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?
antibacterial
160
What antibody is found in saliva?
IgA
161
What inorganic ions can be found in saliva?
Calcium, phosphorus, and chlorine
162
Saliva is high in ____, low in ____ and high in _____
K; NA; HCO3-
163
Why is potassium high in bicarb?
to provide an optimal pH
164
What is the average saliva production in humans per day?
600-1500ml
165
The functions of saliva include:
1. moistens _____
2. provides carrier medium for ____
3. buffering via ____
4. digestions of carbohydrates via ___
5. immunologic function via ____
6. control of ____
1. oral mucosa and dried food
2. sense and taste
3. high bicarbonate content
4. amylase
5. secretion of salivary IgA
6. bacterial flora
166
Saliva- Control of bacterial flora- proteins in saliva cover teeth with:
acquired pellicle
167
Saliva- Control of bacterial flora- contains antibodies that:
prevent tooth decay
168
What exacerbates tooth decay?
decreased production of saliva
169
Teeth are grossly divided into:
root and crown
170
The portion of the tooth embedded in bone:
tooth root
171
The tooth root is in part of the jaw called the:
alveolar ridge
172
The tooth socket is called the:
alveolus
173
Portion of tooth that projects into the oral cavity:
crown
174
The crown is protected by a highly mineralized layer that covers it called the:
enamel
175
Enamel is a hard, translucent substance containing:
less than 1% organic material and 96-98% hydroxyappetite
176
Enamel is _____ in origin
ectodermal
177
Enamel is secreted by:
tall columnar ameloblasts
178
The ameloblasts that secrete enamel are part of:
enamel organ
179
The apical, secretory end of the ameloblast forms a single large process called:
Tome's process
180
Enamel mineralization is:
non-uniform
181
Enamel mineralization is non-uniform resulting in highly calcified:
enamel rods or prisms
182
Describe the shape of enamel rods or prisms
roughly hexagonal
183
The highly calcified enamel rods or prisms are separated by:
less mineralized interprismatic material
184
Enamel rods extend from _____ at the enamel surface to ____.
ameloblasts; dentino-enamel junction
185
The bulk of the tooth is composed of less mineralized:
dentine
186
Dentine is _____ in origin:
mesodermal
187
Dentine is secreted by _____ of ______ as non-mineralized _____.
odontoblasts of dental papilla; pre-dentine
188
The first secreted pre-dentine is:
non-mineralized
189
Denitne is chemically similar to bone but:
more mineralized
190
Dentine contains ~70% :
hydroxyapatite crystals
191
What two components are found in dentine?
type 1 collagen and GAGs
192
Dentine is arranged in:
dentine tubules
193
Describe dentine tubules and where they come from:
hollow, parallel tubes radiating from pulp cavity
194
The pulp cavity contains long, rod-like cytoplasmic processes of _____ also known as ____.
odontoblasts; Tome's fibers
195
The odontoblasts processes:
Tomes Fibers
196
The tooth root has a central ____ that contains support structures
pulp cavity
197
What are some structures that may be found in the pulp cavity?
sensory nerves and blood vessels
198
The dentine of the tooth root is innervated by:
myelinated nerves
199
Dental pulp is _____ in origin
mesodermal
200
Dental pulp is mesodermal in origina nd resembles:
primitive mesenchyme
201
What are the components found in the dental pulp? (4)
1. stellate fibroblasts
2. reticular fibers
3. collagen
4. ground substance
202
The dental pulp is richly supplied by _____ from ____ running with _____.
capillaries ; arterioles ; periodontal ligament
203
Pulp is essentially an:
embryonic tissue
204
The tooth root is covered by a thin layer of:
cementum
205
cementum is _____ in origin
mesodermal
206
Describe cementum:
amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue
207
Cementum is is 40-50% hydroxyappetite and similar to:
bone
208
Cementum is manufactured by:
cementoblasts
209
Cementoblasts mature into:
cementocytes
210
Cemotoblasts and cementocytes are similar to _____ structurally and functionally
osteoblasts and osteocytes
211
the cementum layer is anchored to bone of alveolus with fibers of the:
periodontal ligament or membrane
212
The periodontal ligament is composed of dense collagenous fibers called:
sharpey's fibers
213
The periodontal ligament is very:
vascular
214
sharpey's fibers run at ____ & support tooth in _____.
oblique angle; socket
215
What allows for slight movement of the tooth during mastication?
periodontal ligament
216
Within the periodontal ligament occasional clusters of ____ may be seen
epithelial cells
217
The occasional clusters of epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament:
vestigial epithelial rests of malassez
218
The region of the tooth between the root and crown:
neck of tooth
219
The neck of the tooth is protected by masticatory oral mucosa called:
gingiva
220
the gingiva covers the upper portion of:
alveolar ridge
221
times the the gingiva is divided into:
attached gingiva and free gingiva
222
Gingiva that covers the upper alveolar bone:
attached gingiva
223
Gingiva that forms a cuff around the neck of the tooth:
free gingiva
224
The space between the free gingiva and crown is called:
gingival sulcus or crevice
225
The gingival sulcus is lined by:
crevicular epithelium
226
Describe the crevicular epithelium:
very thin, only 2-3 cells thick
227
The crevicular epithelium is:
easily breached by bacteria
228
If the crevicular epithelium is breached by bacteria this results in:
periodontal disease and gingivitis
229
Tissues that surround and support the tooth are collectively referred to as:
periodontium
230
The periodontium includes: (4)
1. epithelium
2. cementum
3. periodontal ligament
4. alveolar bone
231
the process in which the tooth is formed between opposing layers of epithelial cells:
odontogenesis
232
Odontogenesis occurs to form the tooth between:
opposing layers of epithelial cells
233
What are the opposing cells in odontogenesis:
ameloblasts of enamel organ and odontoblasts of dental papilla
234
Enamel is ____ in origin
ectodermal
235
Dentine, cementum, pulp and the periodontal ligament are _____ in origin
mesodermal
236
Around the 6th week of fetal development, a horseshoe-shaped _____ arises from ____
epithelial ridge; oral epithelium
237
The horse-shaped epithelial ridge that arises from the oral epithelium forms the ____ in the position of _____.
dental lamina; future jaws
238
In odontogenesis, in each quadrant, the lamina forms:
several globular ectodermal swellings
239
Each globular ectodermal swelling is made for:
each deciduous tooth
240
The superficial half of the globular ectodermal swelling forms the ____, while the deep half forms the ____.
enamel organs; dental papilla
241
In odontogenesis, the enamel organ is initially ____ shaped and this is considered the ____ stage
cup-shaped; cap stage
242
In odontogenesis, cells of the enamel organ progressive differentiate and become:
stellate reticulum
243
The cells of the enamel organ progressively differentiate and become the stellate reticulum, with:
extracellular matrix of GAGs
244
The stellate reticulum is later formed into ______ in the _____ stage
bell-shaped structure; bell stage
245
In odontogenesis during the bell stage, the cells lining the outer surface of the enamel organ becomes:
external enamel epithelium
246
In odontogenesis, during the bell stage, the cells lining the concave surface of the enamel organ form:
internal enamel epithelium
247
In odontogenesis the cells comprising the internal enamel epithelium differentiate into:
tall columnar ameloblasts
248
The process of enamel formation:
amelogenesis
249
In odontogenesis, deep to the developing enamel organs is:
primitive mesenchyme
250
In odontogenesis, the primitive mesenchyme deep to the enamel organs develops into:
dental papilla
251
In odontogenesis, the cells lining the CONVEX surface of the dental papilla develop into:
odontoblasts
252
The odontoblasts are made from cells lining the ____ surface of the ____.
convex surface of the dental papilla
253
The process of dentine formation:
dentinogenesis
254
What two cell layers are in apposition in odontogenesis?
ameloblasts and odontoblast layers
255
In odontogenesis where does the tooth form?
Between the two laters of apposition
256
Development of _____ induces differentiation of ____ in odontogenesis
ameloblasts ; odontoblasts
257
Development of ameloblasts induces differentiation of odontoblasts in odontogenesis but the calcification of _____ induces deposition of _____
dentine; enamel
258
Tooth formation is initiated by deposition of organic ______ by odontoblasts on the surface of dental papilla
pre-dentine
259
The predentine from odontoblasts on the surface of dental papilla is later calcified into:
dentine
260
The calcification of the dentine matrix secondarily induces:
enamel production by ameloblasts
261
Odontoblasts have ______, embedded in dentine matrix
odontobast processes
262
The odontoblasts have odontoblast processes embedded in the dentine matrix to from:
dentine tubules
263
Enamel forms in mineralized columns of:
enamel rods
264
The enamel rods are separated by less mineralized ____.
interprismatic material
265
Subsequent to deposition of dentine and enamel, the dental lamina:
fragments and atrophies
266
At the time of tooth eruption the enamel organ and ameloblasts:
degenerate
267
The overlying mucosa separates as the:
tooth erupts, exposing the crown
268
During tooth eruption, the dental papilla ____, becomes the ____ and is surrounded by _____.
shrinks; dental pulp, dentine
269
After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of ______ continue to be produced
secondary dentine
270
The secondary dentine may eventually:
obliterate the pulp cavity
271
The overall shape of the _____ determines the 3D shape of the tooth crown
enamel organ
272
The outer rim of the enamel organ is known as:
epithelial sheath of Hertwig
273
Epithelial sheath of hertwig can also be called:
Hertwig's root sheath
274
The epithelial sheath of hertwig determines the:
cross-sectional outline of the tooth
275
Surrounding the mesenchyme of the dental follicle is the:
periodontal ligament
276
The permanent teeth develop as buds of the:
dental lamina and deciduous enamel organ
277
In the case of molars, the dental lamina ______ to form enamel organs of secondary dentition
Proliferates caudally
278
In humans when does too development begin?
~6th week of fetal development
279
When does tooth eruption occur?
6-30 months after birth
280
How many deciduous teeth do humans get?
20
281
for deciduous dentition, per quadrant humans get:
2I, 1C, 2M
282
Incisors and canines typically have ____ roots, , premolars typically have ____ roots, and molars usually have ____ roots.
1; 2; 2-4
283
What drug administered during development of permanent dentition gets incorporated into the enamel to yield a yellow discoloration of the teeth?
tetracycline
284
Typically, what years do you receive your molars
6,12,18
285
Human dental formula (permanent dentition)
I 2/2 C1/1 P2/2 M3/3
286
dentition in which all teeth are similar:
homodont
287
Incisors are modified for:
cutting and biting
288
canines are modified for:
puncturing and holding
289
Premolar and molars are generally used for:
grinding
290
The TMJ allows for what motions that are important for chewing and grinding?
lateral and anterior/posterior
291
Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars and known as cusps and include:
protocone, metacone and paracone
292
The flattened posterior surface of lower molars is known as:
talonid
293
Premolars and molars can be low crowned or _____ in ____
bunodont in omnivores
294
Premolars and molars can be tall, high crowned ____ as in ___
hypsodont in herbivores
295
Premolars are modified and may be _____ in carnivores for shearing purposes
carnassials
296
orthodontia is accomplished by:
osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity in alveolus
297
Results when weak acids in food and drink erode calcified enamel, and is augmented by bacterial action
dental caries
298
Helps harden enamel and kills bacteria
fluoride
299
Caused by accumulation of calcified food and bacterial debris (plaque) in the gingival sulcus leading to widening of gingival sulcus and possible inflammation and destruction of the periodontal ligament:
periodontal disease
300
Periodontal disease is caused by issues in what area:
gingival sulcus
301
Inflammation of the gums =
Inflammation of the periodontal ligament=
gingivitis
periodontitis
