Oral function 1: muscles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

why is the term muscles of mastication misleading

A

because many other muscles are involved in mastication

the term mandibular muscles is suggested as an alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the origin of the masseter

A

zygomatic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the insertion of the masseter

A

lateral surface and angle of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the action of the masseter

A

elevates the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which patients may have a tender masseter

A

those who have a clenching habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do we examine the masseter

A

place on finger intra orally and the other on the check

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the origin of the temporalis

A

floor of temporal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the insertion of the temporalis

A

coronoid process and anterior border of ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the action of the temporalis

A

elevates and retracts mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which patients have a tender temporalis

A

patients who have a bruxism habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do you examine the temporalis

A

palpate its origin by asking the patient to clench the teeth together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is digital palpation performed on the temporalis

A

it is performed between the superior and inferior temporal lines just above the ear, extending forwards towards the supra-orbital region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the origin of the lateral pterygoid

A

from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid

A

anterior border of the condyle and intraarticular disc via two independent heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid

A

protrudes and laterally deviates the mandible and the inferior head functions with the mandibular depressors during openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid attach to

A

head of the condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid insert into

A

intra articular disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do we examine the lateral pterygoid

A

not accessible to manual palpation
best examined by recording its response to resisted movement
good correlation between the resisted movement test and the muscle being tender to palpitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the origin of the deep head of the medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the origin of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid

A

tuberosity of the maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the insertion of the medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of the angle of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the action of the medial pterygoid

A

elevates and assists in protrusion of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why is the medial pterygoid not available for palpation

A

because of its location inside of the jaw

24
Q

why is there no way of examining the medial pterygoid

A

does not respond well to resistive movement tests

25
Q

why should bone be contacted when giving ID block

A

to ensure correct position within the pterygomandibular triangle and not to hit the soft tissues

26
Q

what happens happens if you accidentally hit the medial pterygoid when giving ID block

A

trismus

27
Q

what are the movements of the TMJ

A

rotation - initial opening

translation - wider opening

28
Q

what happens in protrusion of the mandible

A

both condyles leave their fossa and move forward along their aritucular eminences

29
Q

what happens in retrusion of the mandible

A

both condyles leave the eminences and move back into their respective fossa

30
Q

what is the maximum biting/clenching forces

A

varies between teeth

maximum between molars is 200-700N

31
Q

what are the psychological factors that effect the biting/clenching forces

A

fear of tooth fracture when maximum forces are used which can limit the maximum biting force recorded

32
Q

how does muscle mass affect maximum biting force

A

bigger muscles = larger force

33
Q

what are the muscle fibre types

A
type I 
type II 
sub types (IIA, IIX, IIB)
34
Q

what are type I muscle fibers

A

slow, low forces

35
Q

what are type II muscle fibers

A

fast, stronger forces

36
Q

what are the sub type muscle fibres

A

predominant fibre type varies, depending on jaw morphology, diet

37
Q

what do people with squarer jaws have more of which muscle fibres

A

type 2

can generate stronger btiting forces

38
Q

which teeth generate the greatest biting forces

A

1st molars

39
Q

what else effects force

A

tooth type and position
position relative to TMJ and muscles
root area - PDL support

40
Q

what are the supra hyoid muscles

A

digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

41
Q

what are the infra hyoid ‘strap’ muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

42
Q

what muscles act as jaw depressers

A

digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

43
Q

what do this intrinsic tongue muscles do

A

alter shape

44
Q

what do the extrinsic tongue muscles do

A

alter shape and position

45
Q

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles

A

longitudinal
vertical
transverse

46
Q

what are the extrinsic tongue muscles

A

genioglossus
hypoglosus
palatoglossus
styloglossus

47
Q

what do the facial muscles do

A

help to control food bolus and prevent spillage

48
Q

what are the facial muscles

A

orbicularis oris

buccinator

49
Q

What is Posselt’s envelope

A

the envelope of mandibular movements in the sagittal plane

50
Q

What are the 5 points on Posselt’s envelope

A
RCP
ICP
edge to edge
fully protruded
fully open
51
Q

What is the ICP

A

The intercuspal position is the ‘habit position’ where maximum intercuspation occurs. When you tell a patient to bite together, usually this is the position they adopt.

52
Q

As the jaw protrudes towards end-to-end position what is it guided by

A

its position is guided by the cusps of the teeth (anterior determinants) and the slope of the fossae (posterior determinants

53
Q

When the mandible opens how does it open (Posselt’s envelope)

A

opens in a smooth arc. The condylar head repositions as the jaw opens.

54
Q

When the mandible closes how does it close (posselt’s envelope)

A

As the jaw closes to the RCP it does not make a smooth arc, only when the teeth are nearly together is the movement smooth.

55
Q

What is the mnemonic for the supra hyoid muscles

A

my gravy spoon, darling

56
Q

What is the mnemonic for infrahyoid mouses

A

TOSS

57
Q

What is the mnemonic for the tongue muscles

A

SH the GP