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BDS2 BAMS Oral Biology > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the periodontium?

A

the periodontium is the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth

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2
Q

What does the periodontal tissues consist of

A

Cementum
Gingiva
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament

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3
Q

What are the functions of the periodontium

A

Retaining the tooth in its socket
Resisting masticatory loads and transferring them to the bone
As a defensive barrier protecting tissues against threats from the oral environment

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4
Q

What is the junctional epithelium

A

The physical barrier separating the body tissues from the oral environment

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5
Q

Why is the epithelial attachment in the oral environment unique

A

It is the only breach in the body’s surface

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6
Q

What is cementum

A

Cementum is a bone like layer of mineralized tissue which is deposited incrementally on the surface of the root

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7
Q

How is cementum similar to bone

A

Both have a collagen matrix

Both have a lamellar arrangement

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8
Q

How is cementum different to bone

A

Cementum has a parallel lamellar arrangement whereas bone has a radial lamellar arrangement

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9
Q

What does cementum cover

A

root dentine

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10
Q

What does cementum provide attachment for

A

some periodontal fibres

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11
Q

What is cementum laid down by

A

cementoblasts

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12
Q

Describe cellular cementum

A

Contains cementocytes
Later formed
Present in the apical part of the root and furcation regions
Covers acellular cementum

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13
Q

Describe acellular cementum

A

No cells within it
Usually adjacent to dentine
First formed
Fibres of the PDL terminate here (sharpey’s fibres)

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14
Q

Why is the presence of cellular/acellular cementum clinically relevant?

A

the responses to treatment will be different and so success rates of treatment is linked to the presence of acellular and cellular cementum

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15
Q

what are the alternative classifications of cementum based on the histological differences

A

acellular extrinsic fibre cementum

cellular intrinsic fibre cementum

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16
Q

describe acellular extrinsic fibre cementum

A

has collagen fibres from the PDL - sharpey’s fibres

present on cervical 2/3 of the root

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17
Q

why is acellular extrinsic fibre cementum more successful when it comes to regeneration

A

it has the ability to produce anchorage which is relevant to the treatment of periodontitis

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18
Q

describe cellular, intrinsic fibre cementum

A

no sharpey’s fibres
intrinsic collagen fibres parallel to surface
has no role in tooth attachment
may represent a transitional form

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19
Q

what makes alveolar bone different to normal bone

A

it is dependent for its development and persistence upon the presence of tooth

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20
Q

what does the cortical plate form?

A

the inner lining of tooth socket

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21
Q

what does the cancellous bone contain

A

marrow

blood vessels, nerves, lymph etc

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22
Q

what are volksman canals

A

they are small openings which supply the periodontal ligament with nutrients

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23
Q

what does the periodontal ligament contain

A 
cells 
extracellular matrix 
fibres 
nerves 
blood vessels
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24
Q

what makes the extracellular matrix special

A

behaves as a viscoelastic gel - gives it capacity to return to its original shape

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25
what is the extracellular matrix made up of
hyaluronate GAGs glycoproteins proteoglycans
26
what are the glycoproteins in the PDL matrix
fibronectin
27
what are the proteoglycans in the PDL matrix
proteodermatan sulphate | chondroitin/dermatin SO4 hybrid
28
what are the cells in the PDL
``` fibroblasts cementoblasts osteoclasts cementoclasts epithelial cells defence cells ```
29
what do fibroblasts do in the PDL
they generate the infrastructure and upkeep it
30
what are the epithelial cells in the PDL
cell rests (or debris) of malassez
31
what are cell rests of malassez
they are part of the periodontal ligament cells around a tooth they are discrete clusters of residual cells from hertwig's epithelial tooth sheath that did not completely disappear
32
what are the sensory nerves in the PDL
mechanoreceptors | Nociceptors
33
what are the mechanoreceptors in the PDL
Abeta and Adelta | they are rapidly or slowly adapting
34
what do the mechanoreceptors in the PDL provide
proprioception; chewing control
35
what are the nociceptors in the PDL
Adelta and C fibres
36
what do the nociceptors in the PDL provide
protective reflexes | inhibit jaw elevator motor neurons (jaw jerk reflex)
37
what do the autonomous (sympathetic) nerves allow in the PDL
blood vessel control
38
what is the blood supply of the PDL
inferior and superior alveolar arteries which pass into the PDL from alveolar bone
39
what is the blood supply of the gingiva
lingual and palatine arteries
40
what are the 2 types of periodontal fibres
true periodontal ligament | gingival ligament
41
Where are the gingival ligament fibres found
they are fibres mainly above the alveolar crest including free gingival fibres
42
what is the periodontal ligament
it attaches tooth to jaw transmits biting forces to alveolar bone organized (regular) connective tissue
43
what is the width of the periodontal ligament
approximately 0.2mm
44
what are the PDL fibres made up of
collagen | oxytalan
45
what types of collagen make up the PDL fibres
type 1 and 3
46
what is the function of collagen in the PDL fibres
to support the tooth; load bearing
47
what do the principal fibre group consist of
alveolodental ligament | interdental ligament
48
what are the different fibres in the alveolo-dental ligament
``` alveolar crest horizontal oblique apical interradicular (multi-rooted teeth) ```
49
what do the alveolar crest fibres do
they resist vertical and intrusive forces
50
what do the horizontal fibres do
resist horizontal and tipping forces
51
what do the oblique fibres do
resist vertical and intrusive forces
52
what do the apical fibres do
resist vertical forces
53
what do the interradicular fibres do
resist vertical and lateral movement
54
what makes up the interdental ligament
transeptal fibres
55
what do transeptal fibres do
resist tooth separation and connect tooth to tooth
56
what do the gingival fibre group do
they support the free gingiva
57
where are the gingival fibre group present
lamina propria in marginal gingiva
58
what are the 4 fibres in the gingival fibre group
dentogingival alveologingival dento-periosteal circular
59
where are the dentogingival fibres
they extend from the cervical cementum into the free and attached gingiva
60
where are the alveoli gingival fibres
extend from the alveolar crest into the gingiva
61
where are the dento-periosteal fibres
extend from the cervical cementum into the alveolar crest
62
where are the circular fibres
surround the teeth
63
what are the two margins visible on the gingiva
gingival margin | muco-gingival margin
64
what is the gingiva not attached to any bone called
free gingiva
65
what is the gingiva attached to bone called
attached gingiva
66
what does junctional epithelia provide
attachment for the gingiva to the tooth in the cervical area and forms the epithelial lined floor of the gingival sulcus
67
how does junctional epithelium connect to enamel
through hemidesmosomes
68
how do junctional epithelium connect to each other
desmosomes
69
what is the interdental col
the area between two teeth that is protected by the contact point
70
what is special about the epithelium in col
it is not keratinized due to no masticatory forces
71
what type of forces is the PDL mostly subjected to
intrusive: - mastication - swallowing - speech - parafunction
72
what type of forces are the teeth rarely subjected to
extrusive and horizontal forces: - sticky foods - orthodontic forces

BDS2 BAMS Oral Biology (10 decks)

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