Organic Chemistry 2 Flashcards by Amelie Frewer

What determines how hydrocarbons react

Functional group (e.g double c bond in alkenes)

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Functional group determines…

How hydrocarbons react

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Functional group of alkene

Double c bond

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All members of the same homologous series have the same…

Functional group

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Which type of combustion do alkenes undergo

Incomplete

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Alkenes burn in air with a…flame

Smoky

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Alkenes…in air with a smoky flame

Burn

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Process of alkene reacting with hydrogen is called..

Hydrogenation

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2 Conditions needed for hydrogenation (alkene reacting with hydrogen)

150 degrees Celsius
Nickel Catalyst

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A hydrogenation reaction (alkene reacting with hydrogen) needs a temperature of…and a…catalyst

150 degrees Celsius
Nickel catalyst

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Hydrogenation is where an alkene reacts with….at 150 degrees Celsius and the presence of a nickel catalyst

Hydrogen

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Hydrogenation (alkene reacting with hydrogen) forms an…

Alkane

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Process of alkene reacting with water (steam) is called…

Hydration

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Alkene reacting with water (steam) forms..

Alcohol

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Hydration is where…reacts with…to form…

Alkene
Water (steam)
Alcohol

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Hydration vs hydrogenation

Hydration: water (steam) reacts with alkene to form alcohol
Hydrogenation: hydrogen reacts with Alkene to form alkane

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3 conditions needed for hydration (water (steam) reacting with alkene) are… and …

300 degrees
70 atm (pressure)
Catalyst- phosphoric acid

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Alkene reacting with water (hydration) forms an alcohol and needs a temperature of…and pressure of..and ….catalyst

300 degrees
70atm
Phosphoric acid

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Alkenes react quite…with halogens

Rapidly

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3 uses of alcohols are alcoholic drinks…and …

Fuels
Solvents

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Alcohol functional group

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2 ways to produce ethanol

Hydration: ethene (alkene) + water (steam) forms ethanol (alcohol)
Fermentation: yeast added to glucose solution produces ethanol solution and carbon dioxide

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Name for process where glucose produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

Fermentation

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3 conditions needed for fermentation

Yeast (added to glucose solution)
Warm (30 degrees)
Sealed container (anaerobic)

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1 advantage of hydration method to obtain ethanol

High yield

2 advantages of fermentation method to obtain ethanol

Low temperature (little energy required) Glucose comes from plants so comes from renewable resource

2 disadvantages of hydration method to obtain alcohol

High temperature so lots of high energy required Alkene comes from crude oil which is a non renewable resource

1 disadvantage of fermentation method to obtain ethanol

Ethanol product is in aqueous solution so requires energy to be purified by distillation

Alcohols are...in water

Soluble

Alcohols form...solutions

Neutral

As the number of carbon atoms in alcohols increases its...decreases

Solubility (becomes less soluble in water)

As the number of...in alcohols increases it becomes less soluble in water

Carbon atoms

What can be observed during reaction of alcohol with sodium

Bubbles As hydrogen gas is given off

Alcohol reacts with sodium to form...and...

Sodium meth/eth/prop/but oxide Hydrogen

One key example of oxidising agent (e.g when alcohols react with oxidising agent)

Acidified potassium dichromate

Acidified potassium dichromate is a good example of a..

Oxidising agent

Acidified...is a key example of an oxidising agent

Potassium Dichromate

Alcohols react with oxidising agents to form...and water

Carboxylic acid

Functional group of Carboxylic acid

COOH

In water, Carboxylic acids are...acids

Weak

In...Carboxylic acids are weak acids

Water

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form..and...

Esters Water

Must know this name! Ethanoic acid react with ethanol to form the ester...

Ethyl ethanoate

True or false, the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol to form an ester (ethyl ehanoate) + water is reversible

True

Amino acids have...different functional groups

2 different functional groups for amino acids are... and..

Amine group Carboxylic acid group

Polypeptide meaning

Polymer made from only one type of amino acid

Name for polymer made up of different types of amino acid

Protein

Name for polymer made up of only one type of amino acid

Polypeptide

Protein vs polypeptide

Polypeptide is a polymer made up of only one type of amino acid Protein is a polymer made up of different types of amino acid

Why can amino acids take part in condensation polymerisation

They have 2 different functional groups (amine group and Carboxylic acid group)

DNA consists of 2 chains made from monomers called

Nucleotides

Starch and cellulose are polymers of...

Glucose

Glucose makes up the polymer...and ...

Starch Cellulose

Both...and...are polymers of glucose (but the glucose is arranged in slightly different ways)

Starch Cellulose

Crude oil is a ...resource (non renewable)

Finite

Crude oil contains a mixture of molecules called...

Hydrocarbons

A hydrocarbon is a... made up of only ...and...atoms

Molecule Carbon Hydrogen (This is the hydrocarbon definition)

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated molecules

Saturated (Alkenes are unsaturated)

As hydrocarbon molecules get bigger they become...viscous

High viscosity carbons mean they flow...

Very Slowly

Flammability tells us how easily a hydrocarbon...

Combusts (burn)

The bigger the hydrocarbon molecule gets, the...flammable it is

Less

The bigger the hydrocarbon molecule gets, the....it's boiling point

Higher

Methane/ ethane/ propane/ butane are all...at room temperature because they have boiling points lower than room temperature

Gases

Hydrocarbon fuels release...when burned

Energy

Combustion is another word for...

Burned

During combustion of hydrocarbon why are the hydrogen and carbon atoms oxidised

They react with oxygen

What are fractions

What the crude oil is separated into during fractional distillation- in each fraction the hydrocarbons have a similar number of carbon atoms to each other

Is the fractionating column hotter at the top or bottom

Hot at bottom Cool at top

Fractions contain hydrocarbons with a similar number of...

Carbon atoms

Feedstock meaning

Chemical used to make other chemicals

True or false, cracking of alkanes can produce both alkanes and Alkenes

True

Catalytic cracking uses high...and a catalyst

Temperature

Steam cracking uses high...and steam

Temperature

Which is more reactive out of alkanes and Alkenes

Alkenes

To test for Alkenes we use orange bromine water and shake the Alkene with bromine water. If Alkenes are present the bromine water turns..

Colourless

Alcohols react with sodium to form.....oxide + hydrogen

Meth/eth/prop/but

Organic Chemistry 2 Flashcards

(79 cards)