Resources 2

Question 1

2 types of ceramic I need to know

Answer 1

Glass
Clay ceramics

Question 2

Name for must glass we use

Answer 2

Soda lime glass

Question 3

To key things that use soda lime glass to make

Answer 3

Bottles
Windows

Question 4

3 ingredients for soda lime glass

Answer 4

Sand
Sodium carbonate
Limestone

Question 5

Steps to make soda lime glass

Answer 5

Mix together sodium carbonate, limestone and sand and heat in furnace until melted
Shape when its cooling into necessary shape

Question 6

Do we shape soda like glass before or after heating

Answer 6

After
First mic together sand, sodium carbonate and limestone then heat with furnace then shape when it’s cooling

Question 7

1 key drawback if soda lime glass

Answer 7

Low melting point
(Limits its use)

Question 8

Name for 2nd type of glass

Answer 8

Borosilicate glass

Question 9

2 types of glass (their names)

Answer 9

Soda like glass (lower melting point)
Borosilicate glass (higher melting point)

Question 10

Which out of soda lime glass and borosilicate glass has a higher melting point

Answer 10

Borosilicate glass
(Makes it useful for kitchenware, lab ware and anything that needs heating)

Question 11

Uses of borosilicate glass (due to its high melting point)

Answer 11

Kitchenware, labware, anything that needs heating

Question 12

What 2 things is borosilicate glass made from

Answer 12

Sand
Boron trioxide

Question 13

2 uses of clay ceramics

Answer 13

Pottery
Bricks

Question 14

How clay products are made

Answer 14

Shaped when wet
Heated in furnace to harden

Question 15

2 things that make up composites

Answer 15

Reinforcement (contains fibres of one material)
Matrix (Surrounds the reinforcement)

Question 16

Reinforcement vs matrix

Answer 16

Both make up composite
Reinforcement= fibres of one material
Matrix= outer layer of another material surrounding reinforcement

Question 17

2 things properties of polymer depend on

Answer 17

Type of monomer
Conditions used to make polymer

Question 18

3 conditions to change to change property of polymer

Answer 18

Reaction Temperature
Reaction pressure
Use Catalyst

Question 19

Name for Type of polymers that melt when heated

Answer 19

Thermosoftening polymers

Question 20

Forces that break when thermosoftening polymers are heated

Answer 20

Intermolecular forces

Question 21

Name for type of polymers that don’t melt when heated

Answer 21

Thermosetting polymers

Question 22

Key feature of thermosetting polymers (why they don’t melt when heated)

Answer 22

Polymer chains connected by strong cross links

Question 23

Corrosion meaning

Answer 23

Destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

Question 24

Method for experiment to see conditions required for rusting

Answer 24

1) add fixed volume of distilled water to test tube 1 along with iron nail (air and water)
2) add fixed volume of boiled distilled water to test tube 2 along with iron nail and layer of oil on top of water (water)
3) add nail to iron nail to test tube with bung in to prevent moist from entering (oxygen)
4) leave test tubes for several days and observe changes to nail

Question 25

Barrier methods to completely stop corrosion

Answer 25

Paint Grease (oil) Coat material with metal (electroplating)

Question 26

Electroplating meaning

Answer 26

Coat material with metal to prevent material from corroding

Question 27

Name for coating material with metal to prevent material from corroding

Answer 27

Electroplating

Question 28

Why aluminium doesn't corrode

Answer 28

Aluminium reacts with oxygen in air to form layer of aluminium oxide which prevents aluminium underneath from corroding

Question 29

Why aluminium doesn't corrode

Answer 29

Aluminium reacts with oxygen in air to form layer of aluminium oxide which prevents aluminium underneath from corroding

Question 30

Galvanising meaning

Answer 30

Coating metal with zinc

Question 31

Phytomining process

Answer 31

Plants grown on soil containing low grade copper ore Plants harvested and burnt Ash contains copper compound Displace copper from compound with scrap iron/ use electrolysis to get copper

Question 32

Bioleaching process

Answer 32

Mix bacteria with low grade copper ore (bacteria break it down) Biological and chemical reactions produce leachate which is a solution containing copper compound Displace copper from compound using scaap iron (iron is more reactive than copper)/ by electrolysis

Question 33

3 things phytomining/ bioleaching don't involve which normal methods of metal extraction do e.g mining

Answer 33

Digging/ transporting/ disposing large amounts of rock

Question 34

3 things phytomining/ bioleaching don't involve which normal methods of metal extraction do e.g mining

Answer 34

Digging/ transporting/ disposing large amounts of rock

Question 35

4 uses of resources

Answer 35

Warmth Shelter Transport Food

Question 36

Why potable water isn't pure

Answer 36

It contains small amounts of dissolved substances

Question 37

2 key steps to get potable water from fresh water e.g lakes and rivers

Answer 37

Pass water through filter bed (removes leaves and large objects) Sterilise water (with chlorine/ ozone/ UV light) to kill microbes

Question 38

2 disadvantages of reverse osmosis and distillation (methods of desalination)

Answer 38

Require large amounts of energy Very Expensive

Question 39

Process for treating waste water e.g sewage/ agricultural waste/ industrial waste

Answer 39

Pass water through mesh (screening) to remove solids and grit Sewage left in tanks (sedimentation) sediments sink to bottom (sludge) liquid stays on top (effluent) Sludge anaerobically broken down by bacteria to produce biogas (used as fuel) Bacteria aerobically feed on organic matter and harmful microorganisms in effluent Water discharged back into rivers

Question 40

Sources of nitrogen and hydrogen for haber process

Answer 40

Nitrogen= air Hydrogen= natural gas (methane)

Question 41

Haber process process

Answer 41

Nitrogen and hydrogen compressed then pass over iron catalyst in reaction vessel at 450 degrees and 200atm Some hydrogen and nitrogen reacts to produce ammonia Ammonia cooled, unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen returns to reaction vessel

Question 42

Reasons for conditions of haber process

Answer 42

Forward reaction is exothermic So Temperature cool enough to favour forward reaction but high enough to increase rate of reaction (compromised temperature) Catalyst increases rate of reaction High pressure to favour forward reaction but not too high so that it's expensive or dangerous

Question 43

Reasons for conditions of haber process

Answer 43

Forward reaction is exothermic So Temperature cool enough to favour forward reaction but high enough to increase rate of reaction (compromised temperature) Catalyst increases rate of reaction High pressure to favour forward reaction but not too high so that it's expensive or dangerous