Organic Molecules

Question 1

What are the 4 basic categories of organic molecules?

Answer 1

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

What are polymers?

Answer 2

Many units of a type of molecule.

Question 3

What are monomers?

Answer 3

Single unit of a type of molecule.

Question 4

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 4

Amino acids.

Question 5

What is the monomer of Polysaccharides?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides.

Question 6

What are the monomers of lipids?

Answer 6

Glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 7

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 7

Nucleotides.

Question 8

What is a dehydration reaction?

Answer 8

Removing water from monomers to make H2O and covalently bond to form polymers.

Question 9

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 9

Breaking a covalently bonded polymer to make monomers and break down a water.

Question 10

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 10

5 or 6 Carbon molecules in a ring form with H+ and OH- attached.

Question 11

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Energy and assisting with cell receptors.

Question 12

What is used for immediate use for energy?

Answer 12

Glucose.

Question 13

What is used for stored energy?

Answer 13

Glycogen.

Question 14

What is starch?

Answer 14

A stored polymer in plants.

Question 15

What are proteins?

Answer 15

Amino acids with a 2 carbon chain and a carboxyl group and the R group.

Question 16

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 16

Repair and build tissues and muscle, speed up reactions, connect tissues, regulate ion movement, detect specific chemicals, regulate the body, support the cell, remove dirt, and can be used as energy.

Question 17

What is an enzyme?

Answer 17

A protein that speeds up reactions.

Question 18

What are tight junctions?

Answer 18

Proteins that connect tissue between cells.

Question 19

What are transport proteins?

Answer 19

Proteins that regulate the movement of ions across the membrane.

Question 20

What are cell receptors?

Answer 20

Proteins that detect specific chemicals for the cell.

Question 21

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

A protein network that supports the cell.

Question 22

What are motor proteins?

Answer 22

Proteins that walk the cytoskeleton and transport materials.

Question 23

What are the flagella and cilia?

Answer 23

Proteins along the respiratory tract that remove dirt and pollutants.

Question 24

When is protein used for energy?

Answer 24

When eating lot of it, when in severe starvation, when there are metabolic issues of some kind.

Question 25

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 25

Store energy, insulate, used for brown fat, cell membranes, steroidal hormones, cholesterol, and cushioning.

Question 26

What is brown fat?

Answer 26

Fat that burns cell energy to keep you warm.

Question 27

Why is cholesterol important?

Answer 27

Part of the cell membrane, critical for vitamin D, and important for bones and the immune system.

Question 28

How long after eating does your body run out of glycogen?

Answer 28

After around 12 to 24 hours.

Question 29

How long can you live without lipids?

Answer 29

Around 4 to 6 weeks.