Protein Synthesis and DNA

Question 1

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 1

The process of making protein from RNA.

Question 2

What is transcription?

Answer 2

When a gene coded in DNA is used to make a blueprint for RNA.

Question 3

What is the mRNA?

Answer 3

The messenger RNA.

Question 4

What is translation?

Answer 4

When the mRNA blueprint is used to form a protein.

Question 5

What is a protein?

Answer 5

A complete and functional set of polypeptides.

Question 6

What is a similarity between DNA and RNA?

Answer 6

They are both nucleotides.

Question 7

What does a nucleotide contain?

Answer 7

A nitrogenous base, five carbon sugars, and a phosphate.

Question 8

What are the difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 8

DNA has deoxyribose as the sugar while RNA has ribose. DNA is two sided and RNA is one sided.

Question 9

What are the bases of DNA?

Answer 9

A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine).

Question 10

What are the bases of RNA?

Answer 10

A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), U (Uracil), G (Guanine).

Question 11

What does Adenine pair with in DNA?

Answer 11

Thymine (T)

Question 12

What does Cytosine pair with in DNA?

Answer 12

Guanine (G)

Question 13

What does Adenine pair with in RNA?

Answer 13

Uracil (U)

Question 14

What does Cytosine pair with in RNA?

Answer 14

Guanine (G)

Question 15

What is the purpose of a non-sense strand?

Answer 15

It serves as a template for producing mRNA.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the sense strand of DNA?

Answer 16

It provides the code to make protein.

Question 17

What is an example of a non-sense strand?

Answer 17

A C G T C G T T C G G C

Question 18

What is an example of a sense strand?

Answer 18

T G C A G C A A G C C G

Question 19

What does the DNA Helicase do?

Answer 19

Opens the gene sequence of DNA.

Question 20

What does the RNA Polymerase do?

Answer 20

Forms the mRNA blueprint using RNA nucleotides.

Question 21

What is tRNA?

Answer 21

Transfer RNA. Has matching bases to mRNA codons that bring specific amino acids.

Question 22

What is rRNA?

Answer 22

Ribosomal RNA. Reads codons and forms polypeptides.

Question 23

What are the 3 steps of protein formation?

Answer 23

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.

Question 24

What happens at initiation?

Answer 24

The first amino acid arrives at the site of protein synthesis (ribosome)

Question 25

What happens at elongation?

Answer 25

Additional amino acids are added to the first one.

Question 26

What happens at termination?

Answer 26

The polypeptide is completed and releases.

Question 27

What are codons?

Answer 27

3 base sequences in mRNA molecules.

Question 28

What do codons do?

Answer 28

Code for amino acids.

Question 29

What are anti-codons?

Answer 29

The 3 matching bases to codons.

Question 30

How many sites does the rRNA have?

Answer 30

2 sites (Site 1 and 2) or (Site P and A)

Question 31

What do the sites at rRNA do?

Answer 31

They each read one codon sequence.

Question 32

What is the genetic code?

Answer 32

Which codons code for which amino acids.

Question 33

How many stop codons are there?

Answer 33

Three

Question 34

How many codons are there total?

Answer 34

64

Question 35

How many amino acids which are there which are used by the cell?

Answer 35

20