Organisation Of The Neck

Question 1

Part of the vertebrae consist of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae.

Answer 1

The vertebral arch

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 2

• small spines.
• small and broad body.
• large and triangle vertebral foramen.
• facest of superior articular processes face upward and backward; the inferior articular.P have facets that face downward and forward.

Question 3

A vertebrae which has odontoid process.

Answer 3

The axis (C2)

Question 4

A vertebrae which has the longest spinous process, and the process is not bifid.

Answer 4

C7

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 5

• medium size body.
• small and circular vertebral foramen.
• spines are long and inclined downward.
• costal facets for rib articulation. ( except T11 + 12 ).

Question 6

What are the characteristics of a typical lumbar vertebra?

Answer 6

• large and kidney shaped body.
• pedicles are strong and directed backward.
• laminae are thick.
• vertebral foramena are triangle.
• long and slender transverse processes.
• short and flat spines.

Question 7

A membrane connects the anterior arch of the atlas to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.

Answer 7

The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 8

A membrane connects the posterior arch of the atlas to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum.

Answer 8

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 9

A ligament connects the apex of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.

Answer 9

Apical ligament

Question 10

Connects the odontoid process to the medial sides of occipital condyles.

Answer 10

Alar ligament

Question 11

An upward continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Answer 11

Membrana tectoria

Question 12

Which ligament is responsible for rotation of the head on the axis?

Answer 12

The atlanto-axial ligament

Question 13

A ligament runs in between the tips of adjacent spines.

Answer 13

The supraspinous ligament

Question 14

A ligament connects the adjacent spines.

Answer 14

The interspinous ligament

Question 15

A ligament connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

Answer 15

The ligamentum flavum

Question 16

What are the muscles responsible for flexion at the cervical region?

Answer 16

Longus cervicis + scalenus anterior + sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 17

What are the muscles responsible for lateral flexion of the cervical region?

Answer 17

The scalenus anterior and medius + the trapezius + the srenocleidomasoid muscles

Question 18

What are the muscles responsible for rotation of the cervical region?

Answer 18

The sternocleidomastoid on one side + the splenium on other side

Question 19

Describe the origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 19

From: the manubrium sterni and medial third of clavicle.
To: mastoid process and occipital bone.

Question 20

A patient complains of inability to flex, extend and rotate his neck. What is the muscle affected? And what is the nerve supply of this muscle?

Answer 20

The sternocleidomastoid muscle, supplied by spinal part of accessory nerve and C2+3

Question 21

A muscle originate from the deep facia of the temporalis major and the deltoid and inserted on the body of mandible and angle of mouth.

Answer 21

The platysma muscle

Question 22

What is the action of platysma muscle?

Answer 22

Depresses the mandible and angle of the mouth

Question 23

List three muscles which contribute in depressing the mandible?

Answer 23

The platysma, the posterior belly of digastric and the mylohyoid

Question 24

What is the difference between the origin of anterior and posterior belly of digastric?

Answer 24

Anterior belly: from the body of mandible.

Posterior belly: from the mastoid process.

Question 25

What is the nerve supply of the digastric muscles?

Answer 25

The facial nerve

Question 26

Originate from the styloid process to the body of hyoid bone. It elevates hyoid bone.

Answer 26

The stylohyoid muscle

Question 27

What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid muscle? And what is the action of it?

Answer 27

The inferior alveolar nerve. | It elevates floor of the mouth and depresses mandible

Question 28

What is the nerve supply of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles?

Answer 28

The ansa cervicalis; C1,2,3

Question 29

What muscles do first cervical nerve supply?

Answer 29

The geniohyoid and the thyrohyoid muscles

Question 30

What is the action of sternothyroid muscle?

Answer 30

Depresses the larynx

Question 31

What is the origin of scalenus anterior muscle?

Answer 31

Transverse processes of third, fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae

Question 32

What are the relations of scalenus anterior muscle?

Answer 32

Anteriorly: carotid artery, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein and the deep cervical lymph nodes. Posteriorly: the pleura, the origin of brachial plexus and the 2nd part of subclavian artery. Medially: the vertebral artery and vein and the sympathetic trunk. On the left side the medial border is related to the thoracic duct. Laterally: branches of the cervical plexus, the roots of the brachial plexus and the 3rd part of the subclavian artery.

Question 33

The carotid sheath, the investing layer, the pretracheal layer, and the prevertebral layer are all formed from the condensation of this cervical fascia.

Answer 33

The deep cervical fascia

Question 34

A condensation of the deep cervical fascia surrounding the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Answer 34

The investing layer

Question 35

A layer of the deep cervical fascia that surrounds the thyroid and the parathyroid glands.

Answer 35

The pretracheal layer

Question 36

A layer of the deep cervical fascia that forms the axillary sheath.

Answer 36

The prevertebral layer

Question 37

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Answer 37

- The common and the internal carotid arteries. - The internal jugular vein. - The vagus nerve. - The deep cervical lymph nodes.

Question 38

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 38

The Carotid triangle - the muscular triangle - the digastric triangle - the submental triangle

Question 39

By which muscle does the posterior triangle is subdivided into large occipital and small supraclavicular triangles?

Answer 39

The inferior belly of omohyoid muscle