Pharynx And Larynx

Question 1

At which level does the pharynx becomes continuous with the esophagus?

Answer 1

Opposite the 6th cervical vertebrae

Question 2

How does the pharynx is connected to the tympanic membrane?

Answer 2

By the auditory tube

Question 3

What are the muscles that form the wall of the pharynx?

Answer 3

1- superior, middle, inferior ( lower part called cricopharyngeus ) constrictor muscles. Fibers run in a circular direction

2- stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus. Fibers run in a longitudinal direction

Question 4

The lower part of the inferior constrictor muscle, which arises from the cricoid cartilage.

Answer 4

The cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 5

What is killian’s dehiscence?

Answer 5

Area on the posterior pharyngeal wall, between the upper propulsive part of the inferior constrictor muscle and the lower sphincteric part, the cricopharyngeus.

Question 6

Part of the pharynx lies above the soft palate and behind the nasal cavities.

Answer 6

The nasal pharynx

Question 7

Where does the pharyngeal tonsils located?

Answer 7

In the submucosa of the roof of the nasal pharynx

Question 8

Where does the auditory tube located?

Answer 8

On the lateral wall of the nasal pharynx

Question 9

Where does the palatine tonsils located?

Answer 9

Between the palatoglossal fold and the palatopharyngeal fold

Question 10

The interval between the two palatoglossal folds, and marks the boundary between the mouth and the tongue.

Answer 10

Oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 11

What forms the lateral wall of the laryngeal pharynx?

Answer 11

The thyrohyoid membrane and the thyroid cartilage

Question 12

All the muscles of the pharynx are supplied by the pharyngeal plexus, except.

Answer 12

The stylopharyngeus muscle, by the glossopharyngeal nerve CN 9

Question 13

A muscle of the pharynx aids in raising the the soft palate to close the nasal pharynx.

Answer 13

The superior constrictor muscle

Question 14

A muscle works as a sphincter at the lower end of the pharynx.

Answer 14

The cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 15

What is the sensory nerve supply of the pharyngeal mucous membrane?

Answer 15

Nasal pharynx: the maxillary nerve (V2).
Oral pharynx: the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) (same nerve that supply the stylopharyngeus muscle).
Laryngeal pharynx: the internal laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus).

Question 16

What is the blood supply of the pharynx?

Answer 16

Ascending pharyngeal arteries - tonsillar branches of facial arteries - branches of maxillary and lingual arteries.

Question 17

What is the lymph drainage of the pharynx?

Answer 17

Directly: into the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Indirectly: via the retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes

Question 18

What are the structures that lies lateral to the superior constrictor muscle?

Answer 18

1- the styloglossal muscle.
2- the loop of the facial artery.
3- the internal carotid artery.

Question 19

What is the blood supply of the palatine tonsils?

Answer 19

Arteries:The tonsillar branch of the facial artery.
Veins: the external palatine, pharyngeal or facial veins.

Question 20

What forms the Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 20

• Palatine and tubal tonsils laterally.
• Pharyngeal tonsil superiorly.
• Lingual tonsil inferiorly.

Question 21

At which level of the vertebrae does the larynx lie?

Answer 21

At the level of the fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae

Question 22

What are the cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 22

Thyroid cartilage - Cricoid cartilage - Arytenoid cartilage - Corniculate cartilage - Cuneiform cartilage - Epiglottis

Question 23

What is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 23

The thyroid cartilage

Question 24

Articulate with the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.

Answer 24

The arytenoid cartilage

Question 25

Articulate with the apex of the arytenoid cartilages.

Answer 25

The corniculate cartilage

Question 26

Which laryngeal cartilage has the vocal process?

Answer 26

The arytenoid cartilage

Question 27

A laryngeal cartilage that found on the corniculate cartilage.

Answer 27

The cuneiform cartilage

Question 28

What holds the epiglottis?

Answer 28

It is attached to the back of the thyroid cartilage. The sides are attached to the arytenoid cartilages by the aryepiglottic folds

Question 29

What forms the inlet of the larynx?

Answer 29

In front: epigleottis. Laterally: aryepiglottic fold of mucous membrane. Posteriorly: arytenoid cartilage + the corniculate cartilage.

Question 30

Lies within and strengthen the aryepiglottic fold.

Answer 30

The corniculate cartilage

Question 31

The piriform fossa.

Answer 31

Bounded medially by the aryepiglottic fold and laterally by the thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyoid membrane

Question 32

Fixed folds on each side of the larynx.

Answer 32

The vestibular fold (vascular and pink in color)

Question 33

Mobile fold on each side of the larynx.

Answer 33

The vocal fold (avascular and white)

Question 34

The gap between the vocal cords.

Answer 34

Rima glottidis or glottis (bounded in front by the vocal cords and behind by the medial surface of arytenoid cartilages)

Question 35

What is the narrowest part of the larynx?

Answer 35

The glottis

Question 36

What is the narrowest part of the larynx in children?

Answer 36

Within the cricoid cartilage

Question 37

The cavity of the larynx divided into three regions.

Answer 37

- the vetisbule. - the middle region. - the lower region.

Question 38

A small recess on each side of the larynx between the vestibular and vocal folds.

Answer 38

Sinus of the larynx

Question 39

What are the muscles that elevates the larynx (hyoid bone)?

Answer 39

- digastrics. - stylohyoid. - mylohyoid. - geniohyoid. - stylopharyngeus. - salpingopharengeus. - palatopharengeus.

Question 40

What are the muscles that depresses the larynx?

Answer 40

Sternothyroid - sternohyoid - omohyoid muscles

Question 41

What are the two muscles that responsible for modification of laryngeal inlet?

Answer 41

Narrowing: the oblique arytenoid muscle. Widening: the thyroepiglottic muscle.

Question 42

What is the muscle responsible for tensing the vocal cords?

Answer 42

The cricothyroid muscle

Question 43

What is the muscle responsible for relaxing the vocal cords?

Answer 43

The thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle

Question 44

What is the muscle responsible for adducting the vocal cords?

Answer 44

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 45

What is the muscle responsible for abducting the vocal cords?

Answer 45

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 46

What is the muscle responsible for approximating the arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 46

The transverse arytenoid muscle

Question 47

All the muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except.

Answer 47

The cricothyroid

Question 48

The frequency or pitch of the sound is determined by.

Answer 48

Length + tension of the vocal ligaments

Question 49

The quality of the voice depend on the.

Answer 49

Resonators above the larynx

Question 50

What is the covering of the mucous membrane of the vocal cords?

Answer 50

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 51

What is the nerve supply of the larynx?

Answer 51

Above the vocal cords: internal laryngeal nerve ( branch of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus ). Below the vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 52

What is the blood supply of the larynx?

Answer 52

Upper half: superior laryngeal artery (from the s.thyroid artery). Lower half: inferior laryngeal artery (from the i.thyroid artery)