Organisms basics Flashcards
what are some characteristics of living things?
- living things are called organisms
- they are made of cells
-a cell is a tiny volume of watery fluids enclosed in a membrane
what are some life processes of living things
- maintaining a stable internal environment
- controlled exchange of materials
- transport of materials
- cell division
-reproduction - growth and development
organisms can be…
unicellular
- single cell
Multicellular
- made of many cells
what do all cells contain?
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- DNA
- ribosmes
Cell differentiation
it is the production of specialised cells as the result if different cell types using different genes to make proteins specific to that cell
what is the hierarchy of cells
cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ systems -> organism
how many specialised cells are there
230 cells
what is tissue
it is a collection of specialized cell types grouped
what are the four different tissue types
- nerve tissue
- muscle tissue
- connective tissue
- reproductive tissue
what is an organ?
it is a collective of tissues grouped together to perform a function
what is material exchange in living organisms?
organisms must be able to transport and exchange materials to carry out life processes
what are common processes for material exchange
- diffusion
- osmosis
- active transport
what is diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
what is osmosis
the movement of water molecules from an area of high free water molecules to an area of low free water molecules (passive movement with the gradient )
what is active transport
the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration. the molecules move against the concentration gradient
