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Ortho > Ortho Intro > Flashcards

Ortho Intro Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Dermatomes: dorsal arm, 2nd and 3rd digits

A

C7

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2
Q

dermatomes: lateral arm, thumb

A

C6

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3
Q

dermatomes: medial arm, 4th and 5th digits

A

C8

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4
Q

dermatomes: nipple line

A

T4

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5
Q

dermatomes: clavicle, deltoid, lateral arm

A

C5

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6
Q

dermatomes: anterior/medial arm

A

T1

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7
Q

dermatomes: umbilical line

A

T10

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8
Q

dermatomes: groin

A

T12

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9
Q

dermatomes: upper medial thighs and FUPA area

A

L1

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10
Q

dermatomes: SI line, spiraling to lateral thigh, lateral knee, anterior shin, dorsal foot, and sole of foot

A

L5

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11
Q

dermatomes: SI line, spiraling to anterior thigh, anterior knee, medial ankle, great toe

A

L4

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12
Q

dermatomes (pick 2): anterior thigh and medial thigh

A

L2 and L3

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13
Q

dermatomes: posterior/lateral thigh/calf, lateral ankle

A

S1

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14
Q

dermatomes: posterior/medial thigh, genitalia, perineum

A

S2

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15
Q

dermatomes: genitalia and perineum

A

S3

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16
Q

dermatomes: perineum only

A

S4

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17
Q

Your patient complains of right ankle pain after a fall. You establish that it occurred as a result of twisting it stepping off a curb. You’ve noticed that the ankle looks bruised and swollen. Describe your physical exam. (basics)

A

1) Palpate the LEFT ankle first to establish baseline. Then the right ankle.
2) Request active ROM in left and then right ankles to compare
3) PROM in left, then right if there is a discrepancy in range on #2.
4) continue with neuro, special tests, and imaging.

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18
Q

Besides the typical PQRST questions, what additional questions will you specifically be asking for an MS history?

A

handedness and typical daily activity/work/athlete, etc.

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19
Q

MS pain is described as a burning stinging pressure. What’s the most likely cause?

A

sympathetic nerve

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20
Q

MS pain described as sharp, severe, and intolerable

A

fx

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21
Q

MS pain is bright and lightning-like

A

nerve

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22
Q

MS pain is shooting

A

nerve root

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23
Q

MS pain is cramping, dull, and aching

A

muscle

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24
Q

MS pain is deep, nagging, and well localized

A

bone

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25
MS pain is throbbing, diffuse, and cramping
vascular
26
What time of day would you expect the pain/stiffness from chronic inflammation and edema to be the worst?
AM
27
What type of MS pain typically gets worse throughout the day?
joint pain/swelling
28
What types of MS pain are typically worse in the evening?
peripheral nerve entrapments, thoracic outlet syndrome
29
For a "tumor" diagnosis, how would you expect your patient to describe their MS pain?
deep, nagging pain at night that is unrelenting regardless of position
30
What type of MS pain is most affected by activity levels and posture?
chronic pain
31
bow-legged
Genu Varum
32
knock-kneed
Genu Valgum
33
What PE findings are most often missed (typically b/c patient was not undressed fully)
muscle atrophy and asymmetry
34
What structures are included in the MS exam of the "shoulder"? (8)
1) sternoclavicular joint 2) clavicle 3) AC joint 4) coracoid process 5) biceps tendon 6) spine of scapula 7) infra/supraspinatus 8) inferior angle of scapula
35
When describing a normal "end feel", elbow flexion would be ___________
soft
36
When describing a normal "end feel", knee extension would be _________
hard
37
When describing a normal "end feel", head rotation would be ___________
firm
38
When describing a normal "end feel", forearm supination would be __________
firm
39
When describing a normal "end feel", knee flexion would be _______
soft
40
When describing a normal "end feel", elbow extension would be _________
hard
41
What a patient prevents you from reaching FROM on exam due to pain, how do you describe that "end feel"?
empty
42
If you were EXTENDING the knee, and it felt soft, what would you consider? (abnormal finding)
edema, synovitis
43
If you were extending the knee and it felt firm, what would you consider? (abnormal)
muscle spasm
44
If you were flexing the elbow, but you felt a hard endpoint, what would you consider? (abnormal)
a fracture or loose body
45
You test elbow flexion and find the strength to be 5/5, but the patient complains of pain. What is the likely anatomy that is affected?
muscle or tendon
46
You test elbow flexion and find the strength to be 3/5, and the patient complains of pain. What is the likely anatomy that is affected?
Fx or bone lesion
47
You test elbow flexion and find strength is 2/5, but there is no pain. What is the likely anatomy that is affected?
Nerve problem, muscle rupture (or poor pt effort)
48
_____ is a group of muscles supplied by a single nerve root
myotome
49
decreased biceps reflex
C5
50
decreased triceps reflex
C7
51
decreased patella reflex
L4
52
decreased Achilles reflex
S1
53
weak foot inversion
L4
54
weak dorsiflexion of great toe
L5
55
weak elbow flexion
C5
56
weak foot eversion
S1
57
No sensation over the knee
L4
58
No sensation lateral ankle
S1
59
No sensation lateral calf
L5
60
No sensation of deltoid
C5
61
No sensation of pinky finger
C8
62
No sensation of middle finger
C7
63
No sensation of thumb
C6
64
Absent deep tendon reflexes are graded at a _____, normal DTR is a _______, and clonus is a ______
1) Absent=0 2) Normal = 2+ 3) Clonus = 4+
65
No contraction on strength exam is graded a ________, movement against gravity only is _________ and normal is __________
1) None = 0 2) Gravity = 3 3) Normal = 5
66
Rheum/Ortho review: ANA could indicate what?
SLE, sclera, sjogrens, RA
67
Rheum/Ortho review: RF could indicate what?
RA, SLE
68
Rheum/Ortho review: HLA-B27 could indicate what?
ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis
69
What imaging is typically the first step for ortho complaints?
plain film
70
What must you ALWAYS remember to do when ordering plain film to dx an ortho problem?
get orthagonal views
71
What type of imaging is best for soft tissue?
MRI
72
what are CT's best for?
bone and blood (trauma)
73
What type of imaging shows fat as bright and water as dark?
T1 imaging on MRI
74
You want to see the ligaments and tendons on MRI, would you order T1 or T2?
TRICKSTER: doesn't matter, they are dark on both. (if any area appears bright, that means pathology)
75
This type of imaging marks bone turnover
radionucleotide bone scan
76
When would you use contrast dye to help you diagnose an ortho problem?
1) intravascular (artery, vein) 2) arthrography (into joint) 3) myelography (into spinal cord, nerve root)

Ortho (10 decks)

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