Other Blood Groups System Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Four blood groups capable in producing cold agglutinins
A
Lewis, I, P, MNSs
2
Q
The carbohydrates blood groups are Lewis, I, and P, and these are …
A
explain, ot encoded by their gene directly, thus the gene encode specific glycosyltransferases with the addition of sugars to precursor
3
Q
This is an ABs associated with decreased RBC survival. Transfusion reaction, HDN
A
Clinically significant
4
Q
ABs do not cause red cell destruction
A
Not clinically significant
5
Q
Cold reacting ABs, agglutination best observed @?
A
Below RT
6
Q
Agglutination best observed at 37 degree celsius
A
Warm reacting antibodies
7
Q
Who immunize rabbits with human RBCs
A
Landsteiner and Levine
8
Q
Upon immunizing rabbits with human RBCs, waht antibodies recovered from these rabbits sera?
A
Anti M and Anti N
9
Q
It is an antibody high prevalence antigen
A
U antigen
10
Q
In whites, the common haplotypes were calculated to appear in the following order of relative frequency:
A
Ns, Ms, MS, NS
11
Q
Important markers of MNSsU
A
Paternity testing
12
Q
Antigen synthesise in GPA
A
M and N
13
Q
What position of amino acid sequence does M and N antigen differs
A
1 and 5
14
Q
M & N is easily degraded by?
A
Ficin, papain, bromelin,
Less common enzymes: pronase and trypsin
15
Q
S and s antigen is expressed in?
A
GLYCOPHORIN B
16
Q
S and s antigens, differs in amino acid sequence in what position?
A
29, Met and Thr
17
Q
S and s antigen is Less easily degraded by enzymes because the antigens are located farther down the glycoprotein? T/F
A
TRUE
18
Q
When phenotype S and s expressed, they cannot expressed U phenotype? T/F
A
FALSE
19
Q
What phenotype does certain individual have to create high resistance of P. Falciparum
A
M-N-
20
Q
M-N- create high resistance of?
A
P. Falciparum
21
Q
What is dosage effect?
A
Explain
22
Q
Ss antigen is less easily destroyed by enzymes? T/F
A
True
23
Q
Enzymes that does not destroy Ss activity?
A
Trypsin, DTT, AET, Chloroquine, Glycine acid EDTA.
2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide
24
Q
Enzymes that does destroy Ss activity?
A
Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Chymotrypsin, Pronase
25
This is always present when S and S are inherited
U antigen
26
U antigen is found in?
GPB
27
Most naturally occuring immunoglobulins in anti M and Anti N
IgM
28
Ph dependent reacting best at
6.5
29
Anti M and Anti N is cold reactive saline agglutinins T/F
True
30
Anti M and Anti N can binds to complement? T/F
FALSE
31
Most examples of immunoglobulins in Ss antibodiies is
IgG
32
Anti S and anti s can bind to complement?
True
33
3 phenotypes lacks GPA and GPB
En (a-), U Phenotype, Mk phenotype
34
What phenotype does indivuduals appears to be M-N- and produce anti Ena
En(a-)
35
RBCs of Mk phenotype types as?
M-N-S-s-U-En(a-)-Wr(a-b-)
36
RBCS in U phenotype types as?
S-s-U
37
What phenotype is deficient in GPB
U phenotype
38
Anti-Tja also known as
Anti-PP1Pk
39
The RBC Antigen of P blood group exist as
Glycosphingolipids
40
Meaning when not readily available at birth
That means, these antigens will only be present on the surface of RBCs with the presence of glycosyltransferases
41
Consists of P and P1 antigens
P1
42
Consist only P antigens and Lacks P1 antigen
P2 antigen
43
Enzymes that does not affect P blood group
Ficin, papain, DTT, chloroquine and glycine acid edta
44
P and Pk have also been found in plasma as
Glycosphingolipids
45
P and Pk have also been found in plasma as glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins in?
Hyatid cysts fluid, esp. in Echinococcus granulosus
46
Found on fetal red cells as early as 12 weeks, but it weakens with gestational age
P1 antigen
47
P1 antigen is Poorly expressed at birth and may take up to how many years to be fully expressed?
7 years
48
Why p1 detoriates rapidly on storage
Sensitive in temperature variation
49
P1-like antigen has been found in plasma and
Dropping of pigeons and turtle doves
50
P1 substance has been identified in hydatid cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus, extracts of
Lumbricoides terrestis
51
This is naturally-occurring alloantibody in the sera of all Pk individuals.
Anti-P
52
This is naturally-occurring IgM antibody in the sera of P2 individuals.
Anti-P1
53
Strong anti-P1 was observed in individuals infected with
hydatid cyst of Echinococcus
granulosus.
54
Originally called anti-Tja, anti-PP1Pk was first described in the serum of
Mrs. Jay, a p individual with adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Her tumor cells carried P system antigens, and the antibody was credited as having cytotoxic properties that may have helped
prevent
metastatic growth postsurgery (the T in the Tja refers to
tumor).
55
In PCH, the anti-P will attach to red cells at
Cold temp
56
In PCH, the anti-P will lyse the red cells at
Warm temp
57
Anti-P specificity is found as an IgG autoantibody in patients with
paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)
58
The gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of Pk
4-a-galactosyltransferase
59
4-α- galactosyltransferase also known as
Gb3/Pk synthase
60
The gene responsible for converting Pk to P
3-B-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
61
3-β-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase also known as
Gb4 synthase
62
Receptor of shiga toxins
pk antigen
63
Pk provides protection against
HIV infection
64
Tippett and colleagues described an antibody in the serum of a patient with
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
65
Tippett and colleagues described an antibody in the serum of a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma that divided the population into three phenotypes:
84% tested Luke+,
14% were weakly positive or Luke(w),
and 2% were Luke–.
66
How RBC acquire lewis phenotype
By adsorbing lewis subtances from plasma
67
Lewis substances on secretions
Glycoproteins
68
Lewis antigen in cell bound Ags
Glycosphingolipids
69
Children who inherits Le , Se the transformation can be followed
Le (a-b-) at birth
Le (a+b-) after 10 days
Le(a-b+) True phenotype after 6 years
70
Children who inherits Le, sese gene will be transformed
Le (a-b-) at birth
Le (a+b-) after 10 days
Le(a+b-) persist throughout life
71
Individuals with lele genes phenotype transformed
Le(a-b-) at birth and for the rest of their lives
72
Needed for the expression of Lea substance
Le gene
73
Le and Se gene needed to form
Leb subtance
74
Lea and Leb glycoproteins is present in
Saliva of newborns
75
Lewis glycolipids not detectable in plasma until
10 days after birth
76
What is the phenotype of cord blood and rbcs from new born infants
Le(a-b-)
77
SECRETORS:
Le (a-b+)
78
This express all the antigen in secretions but have a weaker reaction or reactivity on Lea subtances
Le (a-b+)
79
ABH NON SECRETOR
Le(a+b-)
80
Cannot express all the antigens in secretions also the Leb substances.
Le (a+b-)
81
Cannot express all the antigens in secretions also the Leb substances. What will the Le(a+b-) will only secrete?
Lea
82
Why pregnant women become temporarily
Le (a- b-)?
Explain
83
Bakit hindi significant ang Lewis antibodies during transfusion
Explain
84
Le Antibodies do not cause HDN or HTR (T/F)
True
85
I for
Individuality
86
I is
Active branched chains
87
i is
Active linear chains
88
Newborns have what antigen
i antigen
89
Adult have what antigen
I antigen
90
Enzymes enhances the reactivity of the I and i antigen
Ficin, papain,
91
common autoantibody that can be found in virtually all sera
Anti -I
92
strong agglutination with adult RBCs and weak or no agglutination with cord blood
Anti-I
93
Why does Anti-I is strong agglutination with adult RBCs and weak or no agglutination with cord blood??
Because Weak or no agglutination in cord blood because adults express anti-I compared to newborns that expresses anti-i
94
it has stronger agglutination with cord blood and weak or no agglutination with adult RBCs
Anti-i
95
Why does anti-i has stronger agglutination with cord blood and weak or no agglutination with adult RBCs
Because cord blood express anti -i compared to adults expresses anti I
96
Transcribe HEMPAS
Hereditary Erythroblastic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidified Serum Test
97
Infectous mononucleosis known as
Kissing disease caused by EPV
98
Associated with much greater i activity on red cells than control cord cells
CDA TYPE II OR HEMPAS
99
Weak naturally occurring saline reactive IgM auto-agglutinin detectable only at 4 deg. cel
Benign Anti-I
100
A potent cold autoagglutinin that demonstrates a high titer reactivity and reacts over a wide thermal range to 0-30 deg. cel
Pathologic Anti-I
101
It is a useful tool in anthropological studies of Mongolian Ancestry
Dia Antigen
102
This antibodies occurs in the serum of individuals with biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune haemolytic anemia
Anti Pk
103
These genes are inherited independently
P1Pk and P genes
104
What are the possible phenotypes of patients or red cells that are Luke-negative?
p and Pk
105
Secretor fucosyltransferase is more active in newborns than Lewis fucosyltransferases
FALSE. LEWIS FUCOSYLTRANSFERASES IS MORE ACTIVE
106
True of False
Individuals with lele genes are typed as Le(a+b-) at birth and for the rest of their lives.
FALSE. It should be Le(a-b-)
107
Until how many days does Lewis glycolipids are not detectable in the plasma?
10 days
108
What phenotype of the cord blood and RBCs from the newborn infants?
Le(a-b-)
109
These antigens are commonly decreased in expression in patients or red cells that are from pregnant women.
Lewis Antigen
110
True or False
All individuals who secrete Le(a+b-) are ABH nonsecretors yet they all secrete Lea.
True
111
True or False
Individuals with lele genes are typed as Le(a+b-) at birth and for the rest of their lives.
FALSE. Le (a-b-)
112
Individuals with Le and Se genes are typed as: (Indicate their phenotype sequence
Le (a-b-) at birth
Le (a+b-) after 10 days
Le (a+b+)
Le (a-b+) True phenotype after 6 years
113
True or False
All individuals who secrete Le(a-b+) are ABH Secretors yet they secrete all lewis antigen but weaker reactivity of Lea
True
114
In what way does anti-I reactivity is inhibited?
Prewarming
115
Anti I often occurs as
Anti IH
116
This antibody is associated with the infection with the smallest free-living bacteria.
Anti I
117
Associated as a cause of cold agglutinin disease, secondary to Mycoplasma Pneumonia infections
Anti I
118
This antibody is rarely or sometimes associated with kissing disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus.
Anti i
119
In what way does anti-i reactivity is inhibited?
Prewarming
120
The presence of anti-P and anti-PP1Pk antibodies are associated in the history of multiple abortions. The history of these patients who have anti-P and anti-PP1Pk also has a history of what treatment?
Plasmapheresis
121
This is used to demonstrate the IgG autoantibody of patient with anti-P specificity.
Donath Landsteiner Test
122
Seen in renal patients, who are dialyzed on
equipment sterilized with formaldehyde
Anti N
123
This is antibody is associated with an increased incidence
of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy.
Anti PP1Pk
124
IgG class anti-P may occur and has been associated with
Habitual early abortion
125
Covalently linked with Kell glycoprotein by a single disulfide bond
Xk protein
126
When Kell antigens are denatured with AET
or DTT, the expression of Kx will? Increased or Decreased
Increases
127
This antibody appears to be a single specificity and cannot be separated into components
Anti-Ku
