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Blood Bank > Other Major Blood Group Systems > Flashcards

Other Major Blood Group Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Most blood group alleles are:

A

Codominant

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2
Q

What MN phenotype is found in highest frequency in the white population?

A

M+N+

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3
Q

Why are the M and N antigens important for paternity testing?

A

Antigens are well developed at birth

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4
Q

What characteristic differentiates Ss antigens from MN antigens?

A

Enzyme degradation

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5
Q

What can be done to rule in anti-M when only M+N+ red cells are available?

A

Decrease the serum to cell ratio

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6
Q

What is the etiology of dialysis-associated anti-N?

A

Most renal patients express the phenotype

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7
Q

What does the “U” in U antigen stand for?

A

Universal

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8
Q

All of the following are characteristics of the Ena antigen except:

A

It’s a low frequency antigen

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9
Q

The M and N antigens are found in which glycoprotein?

A

Glycophorin A

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10
Q

Autoantibodies to U antigen may be found in patients with:

A

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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11
Q

Persons who are genetically P1 may serologically type as P2 because of:

A

Inheritance of the In (Lu) gene

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12
Q

All of the following are characteristic of anti-P1 except:

A

Antibody is not neutralized by soluble p1 substance

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13
Q

Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) not a consideration when the mother possesses anti-P1 in her serum?

A

P1 antigen is not well expressed at birth

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14
Q

The structures that carry the P antigens also carry which determinants?

A

A
I
B

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15
Q

How is the Luke (LKE) system related to the P blood group system?

A

anti-LKE reacts with all P1 and P2 individuals

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16
Q

At birth, infant cells are rich in _______, and ________ is nearly undetectable.

A

i/I

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17
Q

All of the following is consistent with Benign anti-I except:

A

Do not bind complement

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18
Q

How can pathologic anti-I be differentiated from benign anti-I?

A

Broad thermal range of reactivity

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19
Q

A patient who has a pathologic autoanti-I must be transfused with a:

A

Blood Warmer

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20
Q

Anti-i is found in association with what disease?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

21
Q

What will happen to I antigen expression when ABH sugars are removed from red cells?

A

Increased expression

22
Q

The Ii antigens are found on the membranes of which structures?

A

platelets
leukocytes
red cells

23
Q

What is Kell’s antithetical partner?

A

Cellano

24
Q

All of the following is true regarding the Kell antigen except:

A

Destroyed by Ficin treatment

25
Q

Why is it relatively easy to find compatible units for a patient with anti-K?

A

Kell is a low-frequency antigen

26
Q

At what phase of the antihuman globulin test will anti-Kell be detected?

A

AHG

27
Q

What biochemical observations signify a protein composition to the Kell antigens?

A

Inactivation at 56 degrees celcius

28
Q

What is the most common genetic combination in the Kell blood group system?

A

kKpb Jsb K11

29
Q

All of the following are grouped with the para-Kell antigens except:

A

K11

30
Q

What fatal disease is associated with the McLeod phenotype?

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

31
Q

What is the etiology of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

A

Phagocytes unable to generate hydrogen peroxide, which kills bacteria

32
Q

Most Kell autoantibodies are directed against which antigens that are usually undefined?

A

High Frequency

33
Q

Which population has the greatest frequency of the Fy(a-b-) phenotype?

A

Black

34
Q

The homozygous phenotype Fy(a+b-) has _______ antigenic Fya sites than heterozygous cells, Fy(a+b+).

A

More

35
Q

Duffy antigens are destroyed by:

A

Ficin

36
Q

What sequence of antigens coincides with strongest immunogen to weakest immunogen?

A

D, K, Fya, Fyb

37
Q

Why is dosage inconsistent in the Duffy blood group?

A

The genotype could be inherited as FyaFya or FyaFy for Fy(a+b-) red cells

38
Q

Black persons who genotype as Fy5Fy5 will phenotype as:

A

Fy(a-b-)

39
Q

What are the antibody characteristics of Fy3, Fy4, and Fy5?

A

Immunogenic
IgG
Reactive at AHG

40
Q

In vitro studies using Plasmodium knowlesi showed the malaria merozoits failed to invade red cells when:

A

Fya antigen sites were blocked by antibody

Fyb antigen sites were blocked by antibody

antigenic sites were denatured by enzymes

41
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Kidd antibodies except:

A

Naturally occurring

42
Q

Why is it strongly recommended to use only homozygous cells when ruling out Kidd antibodies?

A

Anti-Jka may appear compatible with heterozygous cells [Jk(a+b+)]

43
Q

What sample requirement is essential for identification of a Kidd antibody?

A

Fresh serum

44
Q

When red cells are placed in a solution of 2M urea, the red cells will lyse. However, it has been showed that which red cells are resistant to lysis?

A

Jk(a-b-)

45
Q

What Kidd antibody will react with all panel cells and phenotype as Jk(a-b-)?

A

Anti-Jk3

46
Q

What organism is capable of converting Jk(b-) red cells to Jk(b+)?

A

Micrococcus

47
Q

Why does anti-Lua go undetected in routine testing?

A

Most reagent cells are Lua negative

48
Q

Lu3 antigen is present whenever:

A

Lua is positive and LuB is positive

49
Q

Which of the following distinguishes the recessive LuLu gene from the dominant In(Lu) gene?

A

Normal expression of P1

Blood Bank (21 decks)

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