ovary

Question 1

what surrounds the highly vascular medulla

Answer 1

the cortex

Question 2

what encapsulates the ovary and what is the outer surface lined with?

Answer 2

tunica alubiginea, lined by a single layer of cuboidal/ columnar cells

Question 3

what is the tunica albuginea continous with?

Answer 3

the squamous cells of the mesovarium

Question 4

what encloses the female germ cells

Answer 4

follicles in the cortex

Question 5

where are the follicles in the cortex embedded?

Answer 5

embedded of the thick surrounding connective tissue of the stroma

Question 6

what fills the rest of the cortex?

Answer 6

albicans and corpora lutea

Question 7

what are the main components of the medulla

Answer 7

helicine arteries

Question 8

what lies under the tunica albuginea?

Answer 8

primordial follice

Question 9

the size and appearance of the primordial follicle

Answer 9

pale in size (25-30micrometers) and have a central primary oocyte

Question 10

what envelops the primordial oocyte

Answer 10

follicular cells (squamous cells)

Question 11

what seperates the follicular cells from the surrounding stroma

Answer 11

basal lamina

Question 12

from primordial follicle to primary follicle

Answer 12

• increase in size
• secrete proteoglycan rish substance forming the ZONA PELLUCIDA
• follicular cells start to proliferate resulting in the formation of multilaminar layer the ZONA GRANULOSA

Question 13

what is the inner layer of the endocrine secretory cells called?

Answer 13

theca interna

Question 14

what is the outer layer of the endocrine secretory cells called?

Answer 14

theca externa surrounded by stromal cells

Question 15

what happens as the follicle matures

Answer 15

moves towards the cortical zone

Question 16

what happens to the zona granulosa in the secondary follicle?

Answer 16

proliferate and fluid filled cavities form between the cells

Question 17

what does the irregular cavities result in? in the secondary folicle

Answer 17

the formation of the follicular antrum

Question 18

what is the follicular antrum surrounded by?

Answer 18

stratified epithelium

Question 19

what does the granulosa region show in the secondary follicle?

Answer 19

a thickened region called the cumulus oophorus containing the primary oocyte in its center.

Question 20

what forms the corna radiata?

Answer 20

coloumnar granulosa cells attached to the oocyte

Question 21

what happens to the graafian follicle?

Answer 21

• the follicular antrum increases in size

- follicle extends the full thickness of the ovarian cortex

Question 22

what happens in the preovulatory stage?

Answer 22

proliferation of the granulosa cells slows down and cavities develop in the cumulus oophorus

Question 23

what happens right before ovulation?

Answer 23

oocyte with its corona radiata detaches from the follicular wall and floats freely in the follicular fluid

Question 24

function of the basal membrane in the graafian follicle

Answer 24

supports the outermost layer of the granulosa cells which separates the cells from separating them from the theca folliculi

Question 25

shape and function of the cells that make the theca interna

Answer 25

- polygonal/ spindle shaped cells - secrete steriods which contain lipid droplets in their cytoplasm - fibroblast and collagen firbers can be observed

Question 26

the theca externa

Answer 26

- contains layers of fibers of smooth muscle cells - contains flattened fusiform connective tissue - not very distinguishable

Question 27

what happens after ovulation

Answer 27

follicular wall becomes folded and collapses, bleeding appears from the ruptures capillaries of the theca interna which forms a central blood clot

Question 28

in the corpus luteum of menstration?

Answer 28

-the granulosa and theca interna cells increase in size

Question 29

what originates from the granulosa cells? and what do they form?

Answer 29

granulosa lutein cells and form the main bulk of the corpus luteum

Question 30

what originates from the theca interna? where are they located?

Answer 30

theca lutin cells, darker stained, and located at the periphery of the corpus lutuem

Question 31

what happens to the connective tissue within the theca interna? in the corpus luteum?

Answer 31

strands on conn. tissue invades the avascular granulosa cell mass.

Question 32

what happens to a central blood clot

Answer 32

it transforms into fibrous tissue due to the invasion of conn. tissue from the theca interna to the granulosa cell mass.

Question 33

what happens if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 33

- the corpus letuem undergoes involution, fatty - degenration within the lutein cells - macophages engulf the cellular debris - connective tissue replaces the endocrine cells - fibrous cell mass atrophies - hyalin substance accumulates and forms a scar like - strcture called the CORPUS ALBICANS

Question 34

what is the Corpus albicans?

Answer 34

a scar like structure due to fertalization not happening and is mainly due to the degenration of the substance within the lutein cells

Question 35

what happens in follicular atresia?

Answer 35

oocyte nucleus becomes eccentric and coarsly granular then pyknotic

Question 36

what is the first sign of degeneration of a follicle?

Answer 36

loosening and disorganization of the granulosa cells | followed by invasion of granulosa layer by macrophages and vascular connective tissue cells

Question 37

what happens to the zona pullucida, and what does it form?

Answer 37

it thickens and forms a layer of hyalin substance in the center of the atretic follicle.

Question 38

what happens to the theca interna cells of the atretic follicle?

Answer 38

proliferate forming radial cords that display features and secrete steriod hormones

Question 39

what are the follicles of different developmental stages surrounded by?

Answer 39

dense stroma made out of fibroblast-like or mesenchymal cells located in the cortex

Question 40

how long does growth from primordial to antral stage take?

Answer 40

85 days, the last follicular growth occurs in the 15 day follicular phase of the menstrual cycle