OVERVIEW OF THE CLINICAL PATHWAY

Question 1

coined the term “complement”

Answer 1

Paul Ehrlich

Question 2

Described how the nature of the complement
system and how it works

Answer 2

Jules Bordet

Question 3

Main role of complement

Answer 3

Lysis of cells, bacteria and viruses

Question 4

Enhance phagocytosis

Answer 4

Opsonization

Question 5

The contents of the granules of certain
cells are being released

Answer 5

Cellular degranulation

Question 6

What do you call the cleaved complement protein?

Answer 6

Anaphylatoxins

Question 7

removal of immune complexes
and deposition in the spleen and liver

Answer 7

Immune clearance

Question 8

Proteins and glycoproteins synthesized mainly by?

Answer 8

Liver hepatocytes

Question 9

Proteins and glycoproteins mostly circulate in the serum functionally inactive forms
as?

Answer 9

Proenzymes or zymogens

Question 10

Proteins and glycoproteins are heat labile, therefore it is destroyed when heated at what temperature?

Answer 10

56°C for 30 minutes

Question 11

•
They bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils
•
Induce degranulation and release of influx mediators including
histamine
•
small peptide that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of
smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells
•
In order to initiate anaphylactic or allergic reaction

Answer 11

Anaphylatoxins

Question 12

• Can lead to edema if complement is not controlled
•
Enhance some cases of immune processes

Answer 12

Increased capillary permeability

Question 13

• Attract cells and play important role in recruitment of cells to an influx site
•
Attract phagocytic cells toward the site where this is

Answer 13

Chemotaxis

Question 14

Enhances neutralization of viruses by homologous antibodies

Answer 14

Virus neutralization

Question 15

C3b on particles such as bacteria or an Ab-Ab complex promotes the
attachment and ultimate ingestion of the particles

Answer 15

Opsonization

Question 16

C1q, C1r, C1s are called?

Answer 16

C1 complex

Question 17

Recognizing molecule for the initiation of classical complement cascade

Answer 17

C1q

Question 18

proteins that recognize and bind to certain carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Lectin

Question 19

What is the main complement involved in anaphylatoxins?

Answer 19

C3a, C4a, C5a

Question 20

What is the main complement component involved in increased capillary permeability?

Answer 20

Role of C2b fragment

Question 21

What is the main complement component involved in chemotaxis?

Answer 21

C5a

Question 22

What is the main complement component involved in neutralization?

Answer 22

C4

Question 23

What is the main complement component involved in opsonization?

Answer 23

C3b

Question 24

1
st to be studied
Antibody dependent

Answer 24

Classical pathway

Question 25

Classical pathway is initiated by?

Answer 25

Ag-Ab complex C-reactive Protein Some Viruses Mycoplasma Some protozoans Select Gram-negative bacteria

Question 26

Most potent activator among the IgG subclasses

Answer 26

IgG3

Question 27

Alternate pathway is initiated by?

Answer 27

1. Aggregates of IgA 2. Yeast cell or zymogen 3. CVF 4. Lipopolysaccharide

Question 28

What initiates the MBL?

Answer 28

Mannose and other similar sugars in the cell wall (Ab independent)

Question 29

What recognizes MBL?

Answer 29

- Lectins - Ficolins - CL-K1

Question 30

Recognition event which will initiate complement cascade

Answer 30

Initiation phase

Question 31

• This is where the 3 pathway meets in order to create a C3 convertase which activates C3 complement protein (most important step) • Approximately 200 C3 molecules can be activated in a single C3 convertase • Activation of early components culminate in activation of C3 which is the critical component

Answer 31

Amplification activation phase

Question 32

• Culminates in target cell lysis • Classical and alternate pathway is the same at this phase • The formation of this will form in the surface of the pathogen that induces cell lysis

Answer 32

Membrane attack phase

Question 33

What pathway begins with the formation of soluble antigen-antibody complexes or with binding of antibody to antigen on a suitable target such as a bacterial cell

Answer 33

Classical pathway

Question 34

o present in the plasma in the largest quantities o fixation of this is the major quantitative reaction of the complement cascade

Answer 34

C3

Question 35

• It is not dependent on immune complexes • Does not require antibody for it to initiate

Answer 35

Innate immunity

Question 36

The starting point of the alternative pathway would be the?

Answer 36

Hydrolysis of C3 protein

Question 37

This pathway serves to amplify the activation of the cascade and is initiated by cell-surface constituents.

Answer 37

Alternate pathway

Question 38

Will act upon the C5 complement protein

Answer 38

C5 CONVERTASE COMPLEX

Question 39

stabilize the structure of C5 convertase

Answer 39

Properdin

Question 40

Composition of STABLE C5 convertase?

Answer 40

C3bBbPC3b

Question 41

recognizing the molecule mannose starts this pathway

Answer 41

Collectins

Question 42

proteins that recognize and bind to specific carbohydrate targets

Answer 42

Lectins

Question 43

Lectin pathway will not serve its purpose if calcium concentration is?

Answer 43

low in the blood

Question 44

initiates the final steps to form MAC

Answer 44

C5b

Question 45

initiates the final steps to form MAC

Answer 45

C5b

Question 46

Forms a large channel through the membrane of the target cell enabling ions and small molecules to diffuse freely across the membrane

Answer 46

MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX

Question 47

(initiates the final steps to form MAC)

Answer 47

C5b

Question 48

all pathways will meet at the?

Answer 48

C3b