P Blood Group

Question 1

• P1 PK (_____)
•P [GLOB] (_____)
•LKE and PX2 [GLOB Collection] (____)

Answer 1

003

028

209

Question 2

•______ (003)
•_______(028)
•______[GLOB Collection] (209)

Answer 2

P1 PK

P [GLOB]

LKE and PX2

Question 3

P Blood Group System
Antigens are (3)

Answer 3

P1, pk, and P

Question 4

P1 Pk gene in chromosome____

P gene in chromosome____

Answer 4

22

3

Question 5

P blood group can be found in…. But not in….

Answer 5

Found in blood cells, plasma and other tissues

but not in the secretion

Question 6

Pk antigen molecule

Answer 6

Lactosylceramide + a1,4-Galactose

Question 7

P antigen molecule

Answer 7

Lactosylceramide + a1,4-Galactose + B 1,3-N Acetylgalactoseamine

Question 8

P1 antigen molecule

Answer 8

Lactosylceramide + B 1,3-N Acetylglucosamine + B 1,4 Galactose + a1,4-Galactose

Question 9

P Blood Group System

The most common phenotypes:

Answer 9

P1
P2
p

Question 10

• P1
• Consists of (2) antigens

Answer 10

P1 and P

Question 11

P2
Consists of only(1) antigens

Answer 11

P

Question 12

No presence of P1, P, or Pk antigens

Answer 12

p

Question 13

Like the A2 subgroups, P2 can produce____

Answer 13

Anti- P1

Question 14

75% of adults have..

Answer 14

P1

Question 15

P1 Antigen

•Found in_____ and_____

Answer 15

plasma; HYDATID CYST FLUID

Question 16

Poorly expressed at birth

Strength of antigen

DECREASES upon storage

Answer 16

P1 Antigen

Question 17

• NEUTRALIZED BY HYDATID CYST FLUID to reveal more clinically significant antibodies

Answer 17

Anti-P1

Question 18

P Antibodies

• Naturally occurring IgM, rarely IgG

• Not clinically significant

• Occasionally causes HTR but not HDN

Answer 18

Anti-P1

Question 19

P Antibodies
• Associated with increased incidence of spontaneous abortion

Answer 19

P Antibodies
Anti-PP1Pk

Question 20

P Antibodies

• Has wide thermal range and bind complement
• May cause severe HIR and HDN

Answer 20

Anti-PP1Pk

Question 21

P antibodies

• Produced by all p individual

Separable components; IgG and IgM

Answer 21

Anti-PP1Pk

Question 22

P antibodies

• originally called Anti-Tja
• Naturally occurring

Answer 22

Anti PP1Pk

Question 23

Anti-P
AUTOANTIBODY
•____
•IgG attaches complement when cold (fingers, toes) and
causes lysis as red cells
circulate

Answer 23

PCH

Question 24

• IgM cannot cross the placenta, so it does not cause HDN.

• Rarely causes HTR (mild hemolytic transfusion reactions).

Answer 24

Anti-P1 Antibody

Question 25

• Isotype: Naturally occurring IgM (rarely IgG). • Clinical significance: Not clinically significant in most cases.

Answer 25

Anti-P1 Antibody

Question 26

• Reveals the presence of other clinically significant antibodies. • Used as a diagnostic tool for detecting Echinococcus granulosus infections.

Answer 26

Anti-P1 Antibody

Question 27

Antibody • Hydatid cyst fluid from Echinococcus granulosus can neutralize_____

Answer 27

Anti-P1

Question 28

• Naturally occurring antibody.

Answer 28

Anti-PP₁Pᵏ Antibody

Question 29

Antibody • Present only in individuals with the p (null) phenotype. • Produced by all p individuals because they lack P, P₁, and Pᵏ antigens.

Answer 29

Anti-PP₁Pᵏ Antibody

Question 30

Anti-PP₁Pᵏ Antibody • Originally called_____ • Discovered in Mrs. J, a patient with adenocarcinoma (tumor).

Answer 30

Anti-Tjª.

Question 31

. Clinical Significance of …. • Severe Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (HTR). • Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN). • Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage risk) due to IgG crossing the placenta.

Answer 31

Anti-PP₁Pᵏ Antibody

Question 32

Antibody Characteristics •Isotype: Can be both IgM and IgG. •Has a wide thermal range (reacts at both warm and cold temperatures). •Strong complement-binding ability, leading to hemolysis

Answer 32

Anti-PP₁Pᵏ Antibody

Question 33

• Type: Autoantibody (attacks the individual’s own red blood cells). • Hemolytic Mechanism: Biphasic hemolysin → Reacts in two phases.

Answer 33

Anti-P Autoantibody (Donath-Landsteiner Antibody)

Question 34

Cold phase (Low temperatures, e.g., in extremities like fingers and toes) •IgG binds to red blood cells (RBCs) and activates complement. •This happens at temperatures around 4°C (cold exposure).

Answer 34

Anti-P Autoantibody (Donath-Landsteiner Antibody)

Question 35

Associated with Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)

Answer 35

Anti-P Autoantibody (Donath-Landsteiner Antibody)

Question 36

Alternative Names for Anti-P Autoantibody • → Named after the scientists who discovered it.

Answer 36

Donath-Landsteiner Antibody

Question 37

Diagnostic Test: • A laboratory test used to confirm PCH by demonstrating biphasic hemolysis.

Answer 37

Donath-Landsteiner Test

Question 38

• Naturally occurring antibody Similar to Anti-PP, Pk

Answer 38

Anti-P Alloantibody

Question 39

Donath landsteiner test Hemolysis in Tube A after warming to 37°C confirms the presence of…

Answer 39

Anti-P autoantibody.

Question 40

Associated with ***parasitic infections,*** especially ***Echinococcus granulosus*** (hydatid cyst disease).

Answer 40

Anti-P1

Question 41

Can cause ***spontaneous abortion*** if IgG in nature (because IgG crosses the placenta and attacks fetal RBCs).

Answer 41

Anti-PP₁Pᵏ

Question 42

causes ***Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)*** by binding RBCs in cold temperatures and lysing them when warmed.

Answer 42

Autoantibody Anti-P (Donath-Landsteiner Antibody)

Question 43

P1 Microorganisms / Toxins That Use It as a Receptor

Answer 43

- Streptococcus suis - Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 44

Pk Microorganisms / Toxins That Use It as a Receptor

Answer 44

- Streptococcus suis - Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) - Shiga toxin production ->Shigella dysenteriae -> Shigella dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

Question 45

p (null) Microorganisms / Toxins That Use It as a Receptor

Answer 45

Human Parvovirus B19 receptor

Question 46

P1 ANTIGEN ISBT Symbol ISBT System Number Clinical Significance Antibody Class Optimal Temperature Reaction Temperature Effects of Enzymes

Answer 46

P1PK 003 No (IgM in nature) IgM Cold Room temperature Enhanced

Question 47

P ANTIGEN ISBT Symbol ISBT System Number Clinical Significance Antibody Class Optimal Temperature Reaction Temperature Effects of Enzymes

Answer 47

GLOB (Globoside) 028 Yes (has IgG, clinically significant) IgM & IgG Cold & Warm Room temperature + AHG Enhanced