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IHBB LEC > H ABO > Flashcards

H ABO Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

BAND 3

A

Diego

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2
Q

GLYCOPHORIN A & B
(tallest rbc membrane protein)

A

MNSS

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3
Q

GLYCOLIPIDS

A

ABO LEWIS

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4
Q

POLYPEPTIDES

A

Rh glycoprotein

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5
Q

registered blood group systems up to date

A

36

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6
Q

ISBT

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion.

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7
Q

ABO blood group antigen would not exist without…

A

H gene

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8
Q

• Discovered the ABO blood groups in 1901

Paved the way for the study of immunohematology and blood transfusion medicine

• First person who performed ABO forward and reverse blood grouping

A

KARL LANSDSTEINER

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9
Q

What is the Landsteiner law?

A

If an antigen is present on the red blood cells, the corresponding antibody will not be present in the plasma. This prevents the body from attacking its own blood cells.

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10
Q

A blood type

A

A antigen
Anti B antibody

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11
Q

B blood type

A

B antigen
Anti A antibody

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12
Q

O blood type

A

No AB antigen
Anti A and Anti B antibody

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13
Q

Determines the antigens present on the red cell surface

• Make use of______ as reagent

• Sample used is______

A

FORWARD TYPING
Front type / shift to the right typing / Direct cell typing

ANTISERA

red blood cells

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14
Q

To determine what are the antibodies that could be present on the patient’s sample.
• Sample =______

Reagent=______

A

REVERSE TYPING
Back type / shift to the left typing / Indirect cell typing

Plasma

Make use of KNOWN RED CELLS

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15
Q

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF ABO PHENOTYPES

A

O>A>B>AB

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16
Q

_______, 1924
Multiple allele theory

A

Bernstein

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17
Q

Antibodies of O blood type

A

IgG

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18
Q

ABO cannot be expressed in the red cell if there is no_______

ABO could not be expressed in the secretion if there is a lack of_______

A

Hh antigen/gene.

secretor (Se) gene.

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19
Q

THE PRECURSOR SUBSTANCE
The inheritance of ABO gene is not actually directly going to produce an antigen but rather it is mainly going to produce a specific enzyme in which they are termed as….

A

GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASES.

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20
Q

an oligosaccharide chain attached to a protein or lipid molecule basic precursor substance of the A, B and H antigens.

Study These Flashcards
A

PARAGLOBOSIDE

21
Q

Basic precursor substance of ABH

Study These Flashcards
A

Paragloboside

22
Q

paragloboside will be converted into ABO antigen by the addition of a specific sugar made possible by the enzyme (_______) that is produced by the gene.

Study These Flashcards
A

glycosyltransferases

23
Q

enzyme produced by the gene

transfer sugar molecules on a precursor
substance in order to make it a specific ABO antigen and that precursor

substance is known as PARAGLOBOSIDE.

Study These Flashcards
A

glycosyltransferases

24
Q

TYPE 1 vs TYPE 2 PRECURSOR SUBSTANCE

Study These Flashcards
A

seen on secretions (plasma, saliva) & body fluids

The precursor substance that is expressed on the red cell surface is type 2 precursor substance. seen on red cell membrane

25
Type 1: Body Fluids and Secretions Linkage
B1 → 3 linkage
26
Type 2: Red Blood Cells* Linkage
B1-4 linkage
27
H gene is closely linked to______, in which they are in the same loci found in Chromosome____ • The alleles of H gene is H and h "h" - the recessive allele "H" - dominant allele
Se gene 19
28
H antigen Gene Product: Immunodominant sugar (terminal sugar):
Alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase L-fucose
29
If you have inherited a double dose of the amorph allele of h gene(hh)= no secretion of the…
alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase
30
ABO chromosome
9
31
A antigen Gene Product: Immunodominant sugar
Alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
32
B antigen Gene Product: Immunodominant sugar:
Alpha-3-D-galactosyltransferase D-galactose (Gal)
33
• For ABO/ABH antigens to be expressed in secretion you need to inherit the..
secretor genes
34
Secretor genes Gene product: Immunodominant sugar: particular paragloboside:
Alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase L-fucose type 1
35
SECRETOR GENES SECRETOR NON-SECRETOR
(SeSe or Sese) (sese)
36
ANTIGEN LOCATION It could also be found in other parts of the body such as:
RBCS Endothelial cells Platelets Lymphocytes Epithelial cells
37
Only_____ can be performed in reverse typing.
ABO
38
Anti-AB
IgG
39
Forward typing only on newborns Why?
Titers of ABO ab at birth are very low until the baby reaches 3-6 months of age
40
Ab production peaks at…
5 - 10 years until adulthood
41
Identify antigens present on RBC Reagent: Antibodies
Forward typing
42
Identify antibodies in plasma Reagent: RBC w/ either A or B antigens
Reverse Typing
43
Dye Anti A - Anti B -
Bromthymol blue [blue Angel] Acriflavine yellow (yellow Bird)
44
Gel method Utilizes a gel card which contains 6 tubes gels are also incorporated with the reagents First 3 tubes - contains reagents that has;
Anti A Anti B RH antibodies
45
PRINCIPLE of gel method
If there is any agglutination reaction, the cell with the antibody that has reacted to it is going to be trapped along the gel and could not go at the bottom of the gel if there is any agglutination reaction.
46
2 types of precursor substances:
type 1 & type 2
47
TYPE 1 Found in the____ : beta 1 → 3 linkage between…
secretions galactose and N-acetylglucosamine.
48
TYPE 2 Found in the… Classified because of the linkage of terminal galactose with the preceding sugar and that is the N-acetylglucosamine.
red cell membrane
49
Type 2 The 1st carbon of the terminal Galactose on the precursor substance is attached to the 4th carbon of N-acetylglucosamine in a beta 1 → 4 linkage. This is now a_____ Immunodominant sugar:_____
paragloboside/precursor substance Galactose

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