P1 - Brain Regions

Question 1

Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

voluntary movement, expressive language, higher level executive functioning, personality

Question 2

Parietal Lobe

Answer 2

spatial awareness, sensory perception, integration (taste, hearing, sight, touch, smell)

Question 3

Occipital Lobe

Answer 3

visual perception/integration (including color, form, motion)

Question 4

Temporal Lobe

Answer 4

auditory processing, some vestibular, encoding of memory

Question 5

Postcentral Gyrus

Answer 5

primary sensory strip
sensory processing, proprioception

Question 6

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 6

primary motor strip
motor processing, controls voluntary movements of contralateral side

Question 7

Central Sulcus

Answer 7

(rolandic tissue) acts as the boundary b/w motor and sensory cortices + b/w frontal and parietal lobes

Question 8

Lateral Sulcus

Answer 8

(sylvian tissue) separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

the great comparator
- coordinate movements (balance, coordination, postural control and feedback)
- holds more than half of neurons in body

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

unconscious vital functions (wake cycle, breathing, etc.)

Question 11

Medulla

Answer 11

unconscious vital functions and processing (heart beat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.)

Question 12

Mammillary Bodies

Answer 12

recollective memory

Question 13

Occipitotemporal (Fusiform) Gyrus

Answer 13

high-level visual processing (face perception, object recognition, reading)

Question 14

Inferior Olive

Answer 14

learning and timing of movements, comparing intended w/ achieved movements

Question 15

Pyramids + Pyramidal Decussation

Answer 15

• contain motor fibers that pass from brain to medulla oblongata and spinal cord (motor nerve fibers cross here)
• separates medulla oblongata from spinal cord

Question 16

Spinal Cord

Answer 16

pathway for messages sent by brain to body + from body to brain

Question 17

Uncus

Answer 17

olfaction, emotions, forming new memories + recollective memories

Question 18

Parahippocampal Gyrus

Answer 18

spatial awareness, memory encoding and retrieval (spatial memory)

Question 19

Cervical Nerves

Answer 19

motor and sensory innervation of neck + UE

Question 20

Midbrain

Answer 20

vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, temperature regulation

Question 21

Gracile Fasciculus

Answer 21

main touch pathway - fine touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception from lower body to brain stem
- originates from medulla oblongata

Question 22

Gray Matter

Answer 22

• neurons are NOT myelinated
• process information, release new information
• control movement, memory, emotions

Question 23

White Matter

Answer 23

• neurons ARE myelinated
• conduct, process, and send nerve signals up and down spinal cord

Question 24

Cuneate Fasciculus

Answer 24

transmit vibration, conscious proprioception, and discriminative/fine touch sensations from upper body

Question 25

Gracile Nucleus

Answer 25

*dorsal column nuclei* - collection of cell bodies for main touch pathway - transmits fine touch and proprioception sensation from lower body

Question 26

Cuneate Nucleus

Answer 26

- collection of cell bodies for dorsal column medial lemniscus - carries information from upper body and UE

Question 27

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Answer 27

coordinates signals from spinal cord to cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning

Question 28

Corticospinal (Pyramid) Tract

Answer 28

- collection of axons that carry movement-related information from cerebral cortex to spinal cord - helps control voluntary movement via crossing of motor tracts in medulla - part of descending spinal tract system that originates from cortex/brainstem

Question 29

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 29

(brachium pontis) connects cerebellum to pons - largest afferent system of cerebellum - pontocerebellar tract fibers arise from contralateral pontine nuclei

Question 30

4th Ventricle

Answer 30

- protect brain from trauma - helps form central canal - roof and floor, cushioning effect

Question 31

Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 31

- main highway for signals transported from cortex to other parts of CNS - body coordination

Question 32

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 32

narrow 15 mm conduit that allows for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flow b/w 3rd + 4th ventricles

Question 33

Periaqueductal Gray Matter

Answer 33

- modulation and propagation of pain - sympathetic responses - learning and action of defensive and aversive behavior

Question 34

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 34

sound localization, frequency determination, integration of auditory w/ non-auditory systems

Question 35

Superior Colliculus

Answer 35

- visual, auditory, and somatosensory information integration to initiate motor commands - receives signals from retina

Question 36

Substantia Nigra

Answer 36

- production of dopamine (reward) - body movements - chemical signaling ... affects learning, mood, judgment, decision-making, etc.

Question 37

Peduncles

Answer 37

- assist in refining motor movements, learning new motor skills, and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance - corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar tracts run through here